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[docs] Tighten AI restrictions and switch to CONTRIBUTING.md (#4193)
Also removes some now-unnecessary docs files. Signed-off-by: crueter <crueter@eden-emu.dev> Reviewed-on: https://git.eden-emu.dev/eden-emu/eden/pulls/4193 Reviewed-by: MaranBr <maranbr@eden-emu.dev> Reviewed-by: Lizzie <lizzie@eden-emu.dev>
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These are **not** stylistic guidelines, they're, for the most part, suggestions on how to architecture new systems or improve upon the existing codebase.
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# Foreword
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## Foreword
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Don't try to micro-optimize out of the get go, while yes, most of the code is pretty, subpar, most of these are aftertoughts and details that can be glossed over **generally**.
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Keep your code simple, efficient, and readable.
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Architectural issues are more important, for example an API returning a `std::string` is not as efficient as one that operates on `std::string_view` directly (cost of constructing an `std::string` w/o small-string optimization and all of that).
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Regardless of the details, try to keep things simple. As a general rule of thumb.
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# C++ guidelines
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## C++ guidelines
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Everyone has their own way of viewing good/bad C++ practices, my general outline:
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- At your disposal you may use `boost::container::static_vector<>` (beware it has a ctor/initialization cost which goes up the more elements you add).
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- Or you may use `boost::container::small_vector<>` (which has an initialization cost as well, and will use extra book-keeping for heap, try to keep a balance).
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- Or you may use `boost::container::small_vector<>` (which has an initialization cost as well, and will use extra book-keeping for heap, try to keep a balance).
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- Don't use `[[likely]]` or `[[unlikely]]`; PGO builds exist for that.
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- Don't use inline assembly to try to outsmart the compiler unless you're 100% sure the assembly you're writing is actually good.
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- And if so, try to restructure your C++ code so the compiler vectorizes it/makes it better, right?
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- Or if that fails, use intrinsics instead of raw `asm volatile`.
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- And if so, try to restructure your C++ code so the compiler vectorizes it/makes it better
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- Or if that fails, use intrinsics instead of raw `asm volatile`.
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- Use `std::optional<>` instead of `std::unique_ptr<>` if possible.
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- `std::unique_ptr<>` carries indirection cost due to it being memory allocated on the heap.
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- It isn't often that objects that contain `std::unique_ptr<>`, are allocated on the heap themselves, allocating even more things on the heap seems redundant.
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- `std::unique_ptr<>` carries indirection cost due to it being memory allocated on the heap.
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- It isn't often that objects that contain `std::unique_ptr<>`, are allocated on the heap themselves, allocating even more things on the heap seems redundant.
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- Avoid `std::recursive_mutex` at all costs.
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- It's basically implemented as a linked list most of the time and has HEAVY performance penalties.
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- It's basically implemented as a linked list most of the time and has HEAVY performance penalties.
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- Exploit the fact `std::atomic<uint32_t>/std::atomic<int32_t>` is basically free on most arches that matter.
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- In x86_64, an atomic `uint32_t` is basically `mov [m32], r32`, which is essentially free/cheap.
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- In x86_64, an atomic `uint32_t` is basically `mov [m32], r32`, which is essentially free/cheap.
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- Avoid template parameters unless you really need them.
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- For small inlineable functions this is fine, for more complex ones, please consider the generated assembly.
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- For small inlineable functions this is fine, for more complex ones, please consider the generated assembly.
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- Dont make your own memcpy/memset/strcpy/strncpy/etc.
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- Seriously DON'T DO THIS. You will NOT beat the compiler.
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- Nor 30 years of writing optimized `mem*`.
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- If your code is slow, don't blame `mem*`, blame your code.
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- Seriously DON'T DO THIS. You will NOT beat the compiler.
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- Nor 30 years of writing optimized `mem*`.
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- If your code is slow, don't blame `mem*`, blame your code.
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- Try to avoid using `virtual` since vtable indirection has a cost
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- Avoid `dynamic_cast` and `typeid` at all costs.
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- The reason is because the project has `-fno-rtti` disabled by default, due to the costs of dynamic polymorphism.
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- The reason is because the project has `-fno-rtti` disabled by default, due to the costs of dynamic polymorphism.
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- Always copy-on-value for objects with `sizeof(void *) >= sizeof(T) * 2`, i.e objects sized as 2 pointers or less, for bigger objects you can use ref/pointer as usual.
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- Try using move semantics instead of references, whenever possible.
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- Remember function parameters are extremelly cheap as fuck, don't be afraid to place upto 8 parameters on a given function.
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- Don't save a reference in structures of a parent object, i.e:
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```c++
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struct Child {
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Parent& parent;
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@@ -48,7 +45,9 @@ Everyone has their own way of viewing good/bad C++ practices, my general outline
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}
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};
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```
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- Instead you can do the following:
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- Instead you can do the following:
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```c++
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struct Child {
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void Mehod(Parent& parent) {
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@@ -56,15 +55,17 @@ Everyone has their own way of viewing good/bad C++ practices, my general outline
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}
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};
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```
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- This reduces the amount of pointers you have lying around, and also works better because of the aforementioned cheapness of parameter functions.
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# Engineering guidelines
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- This reduces the amount of pointers you have lying around, and also works better because of the aforementioned cheapness of parameter functions.
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Coding isn't also writing stuff but architecturing stuff, consider the following:
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## Engineering guidelines
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- Try to reduce dependency on... dependencies
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- While some dependencies are useful `boost::container` and `fmt` to name a few, remember each dependency added incurs a cost.
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- It may also be subpar with a hand rolled implementation, biggest exemplar of this is `spirv-tools` providing subpar SPIRV optimizations in comparison to the in-house optimizer.
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Programming, alongside the physical act of writing code, also consists of architecting the code you write into a coherent, maintainable system.
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- Try to reduce your usage of dependencies
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- Dependencies that are legitimately useful to have are few and far between.
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- At the same time, NIHing your own implementations of widely adopted algorithms or standards can be quite subpar.
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- For dependencies that are very large but contain something you need, consider cherry-picking the individual files it needs (or writing a smaller version of it)
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- Try to rely less on indirection for architecturing systems
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- If the underlying HLE kernel emulation requires it, try making a solution that keeps things local
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- For example, there isn't a need for file descriptors to each be a pointer, when they could be a fixed table size with elements that may be emplaced at will.
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- If the underlying HLE kernel emulation requires it, try making a solution that keeps things local
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- For example, there isn't a need for file descriptors to each be a pointer, when they could be a fixed table size with elements that may be emplaced at will.
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