2026-09-05 17:42:18

Signed-off-by: lizzie <lizzie@eden-emu.dev>

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ Eden is free, open-source, copyleft software, licensed under the terms of the [G
 
 - No LLM or AI usage, *period*, for patches, pull requests, issues, comments, debugging, brainstorming, etc.
   - For details on why, see the [detailed AI policy](docs/policies/AI.md).
-- Usage of any form of profanity or otherwise unsavory language is prohibited.
+- Usage of any form of profanity or otherwise unsavory language is generally discouraged.
   - This is primarily because it rarely helps to actually understand what's going on.
-  - Remember that your comments should be focused and actually address what's happening.
+  - Remember that your comments should be focused and actually address what's happening. With very few exceptions, expletives are actively detrimental at best.
 - New code must follow the same general style as the surrounding codebase. Exceptions may be granted in certain cases.
 - Maintainers reserve the right to change your patches and pull requests at will. We will try to avoid this.
   - You should generally respect all decisions made by the [code owners](docs/CODEOWNERS) in your particular subsystem.

docs/Caveats.md

@@ -239,6 +239,6 @@ find ./*/ -name "*.dll" | while read -r dll; do deps "$dll"; done
 
 ## RedoxOS
 
-Package installs randomly hang at times, you may need to restart it about 3-5 times to complete. Always do `sudo pkg update` or it will hang. Try installing each package individually.
+The package install may randomly hang at times, in which case it has to be restarted. ALWAYS do a `sudo pkg update` or the chances of it hanging will be close to 90%. If "multiple" installs fail at once, try installing 1 by 1 the packages.
 
-When CMake invokes certain file syscalls - most of the time it causes crashes, and corruptions on the address space. Reboot if there's a freeze over 5 minutes.
+When CMake invokes certain file syscalls - it may sometimes cause crashes or corruptions on the (kernel?) address space - so reboot the system if there is a "hang" in CMake.

docs/Development.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Pull requests are only to be merged by core developers when properly tested and
 
 - The level of namespacing is generally left to the committer's choice.
 - However, we never recommend going more than two levels *except* in `hle`, in which case you may go as many as four levels depending on the specificity of your changes.
-- Occasionally, up to two additional namespaces may be provided for more clarity.
+- Ocassionally, up to two additional namespaces may be provided for more clarity.
   - Changes that affect the entire project (sans CMake changes) should be namespaced as `meta`.
 - Maintainers are permitted to change namespaces at will.
 - Commits within PRs are not required to be namespaced, but it is highly recommended.
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ When adding new settings, use `tr("Setting:")` if the setting is meant to be a f
 - Debug settings must never be turned on by default.
 - Provide reasonable bounds (for example, a setting controlling the amount of VRAM should never be 0).
 - The description of the setting must be short and concise, if the setting "does a lot of things" consider splitting the setting into multiple if possible.
-- Try to avoid excessive/redundant explanations "recommended for most users and games" can just be "(recommended)".
-- Try to not write "slow/fast" options unless it clearly degrades/increases performance for a given case, as most options may modify behavior that result in different metrics across different systems. If for example the option is an "accuracy" option, writing "High" is sufficient to imply "Slow". No need to write "High (Slow)".
+- Try to avoid excessive/redundant explainations "recommended for most users and games" can just be "(recommended)".
+- Try to not write "slow/fast" options unless it clearly degrades/increases performance for a given case, as most options may modify behaviour that result in different metrics accross different systems. If for example the option is an "accuracy" option, writing "High" is sufficient to imply "Slow". No need to write "High (Slow)".
 
 Some examples:
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ You may additionally need the `Qt Extension Pack` extension if building Qt.
 
 # Build speedup
 
-If you have an HDD, use ramdisk (build in RAM); you need about 4GB for a `RelWithDebInfo` build:
+If you have an HDD, use ramdisk (build in RAM), approximately you need 4GB for a full build with debug symbols:
 
 ```sh
 mkdir /tmp/ramdisk

docs/Settings.md

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 > [!WARNING]
 > This guide is intended for developers ONLY. If you're looking for configuring the emulator itself, read **[the user handbook](./user/README.md)**.
 
-Settings have their own dedicated subsystem. Toggles can be added to gate features and fixes, as not all of them apply to every game.
+Settings on the emulator are very important, toggles and such can be used to guard and/or add branches to paths where some games may crash while others won't, and viceversa.
 
-However, this process can be tedious for those unfamiliar; this document serves as an outline for the settings subsystem.
+However, this process can be tedious for those unfamiliar; this document serves as an outline/documentation for the settings subsystem.
 
 ## Index
 

docs/user/Architectures.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ AMD64, aka x86_64, is the most tested and supported architecture for desktop tar
 
 ### Caveats
 
-AMD64 systems are almost always limited by the CPU. For example, a Zen 5/RX 6600 system will often hit max CPU usage before the GPU ever reaches 70% usage, with minimal exceptions (that tend to pop up only at >200fps). JIT is slow.
+AMD64 systems are almost always limited by the CPU. For example, a Zen 5/RX 6600 system will often hit max CPU usage before the GPU ever reaches 70% usage, with minimal exceptions (that tend to pop up only at >200fps). JIT is slow!
 
 Computers on Linux will almost always run Eden strictly better than an equivalent machine on Windows. This is largely due to the way the Linux kernel handles memory management (and the lack of Microsoft spyware).
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ ARM64, aka aarch64, is the only supported architecture for Android, with limited
 
 ### Caveats
 
-NCE (Native Code Execution) is currently only available on Android and (experimentally) Linux. Support for macOS is in the works, but Windows is extremely unlikely to ever happen (if you want it -- submit patches). Generally, if NCE is available, you should pretty much always use it due to the massive performance hit JIT has.
+NCE (Native Code Execution) is currently only available on Android and (experimentally) Linux. Support for macOS is in the works, but Windows is extremely unlikely to ever happen (if you want it--submit patches!). Generally, if NCE is available, you should pretty much always use it due to the massive performance hit JIT has.
 
 When NCE is enabled, do note that the GPU will almost always be the limiting factor. This is especially the case for Android, as well as desktops that lack dedicated GPUs; Adreno, Mali, PowerVR, etc. GPUs are generally significantly weaker relative to their respective CPUs.
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Only Fedora/riscv64 has been tested, but in theory, every riscv64 distribution t
 
 ## Other
 
-Other architectures, such as SPARC, MIPS, PowerPC, Loong, and all 32-bit architectures are completely unsupported, as there is no JIT backend or emitter thereof. If you want support for it -- submit patches.
+Other architectures, such as SPARC, MIPS, PowerPC, Loong, and all 32-bit architectures are completely unsupported, as there is no JIT backend or emitter thereof. If you want support for it -- submit patches!
 
 IA-64 (Itanium) support is completely unknown. Existing amd64 packages will not run on IA-64 (assuming you can even find a supported Windows/Linux distribution)
 
@@ -106,14 +106,14 @@ Qualcomm Snapdragon SoCs are generally the most well supported.
   * A good base to compare to is the Snapdragon 865--e.g. [Tensor vs SD865](https://archive.is/M1P58)
   * Some benchmarks may be misleading due to thermal throttling OR RAM requirements.
     - For example, a Pixel 6a (Tensor G1) performs about 1/3 as well as an 865 due to its lack of RAM and poor thermals.
-  * Remember--always use a cooler if you can, and you MUST have *at least* 8GB of RAM.
+  * Remember--always use a cooler if you can, and you MUST have *at least* 8GB of RAM!
 - If you're not sure what SoC you have, check [GSMArena](https://www.gsmarena.com) - e.g. [Pixel 9 Pro](https://archive.ph/91VhA)
 
 Custom ROMs are recommended, *as long as* you know what you're doing.
 - For most devices, [LineageOS](https://lineageos.org/) is preferred.
 - [CalyxOS](https://calyxos.org/) is available as well.
 - For Google Pixel devices ONLY... and [soon another OEM](https://archive.ph/cPpMd)... [GrapheneOS](https://grapheneos.org/) is highly recommended.
-  * As of October 5, 2025, the Pixel 10 line is unsupported, however, [it will be](https://archive.is/viAUl) in the very near future.
+  * As of October 5, 2025, the Pixel 10 line is unsupported, however, [it will be](https://archive.is/viAUl) in the very near future!
   * Keep checking the [FAQ page](https://grapheneos.org/faq#supported-devices) for news.
 - Custom ROMs will likely be exclusively recommended in the future due to Google's upcoming [draconian](https://archive.is/hGIjZ), [anti-privacy, anti-user](https://archive.is/mc1CJ) verification requirements.
 

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp

@@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ BufferCacheRuntime::BufferCacheRuntime(const Device& device_,
 }
 
 StagingBufferMap BufferCacheRuntime::UploadStagingBuffer(size_t size) {
-    return staging_buffer_pool.RequestUploadBuffer(size);
+    return staging_buffer_pool.RequestUploadBuffer(device, size);
 }
 
 StagingBufferMap BufferCacheRuntime::DownloadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred) {
-    return staging_buffer_pool.RequestDownloadBuffer(size, deferred);
+    return staging_buffer_pool.RequestDownloadBuffer(device, size, deferred);
 }
 
 void BufferCacheRuntime::FreeDeferredStagingBuffer(StagingBufferMap& buffer) {

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.cpp

@@ -557,11 +557,11 @@ void TextureCacheRuntime::Finish() {
 }
 
 StagingBufferMap TextureCacheRuntime::UploadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred) {
-    return staging_buffer_pool.RequestUploadBuffer(size);
+    return staging_buffer_pool.RequestUploadBuffer(device, size);
 }
 
 StagingBufferMap TextureCacheRuntime::DownloadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred) {
-    return staging_buffer_pool.RequestDownloadBuffer(size, deferred);
+    return staging_buffer_pool.RequestDownloadBuffer(device, size, deferred);
 }
 
 void TextureCacheRuntime::FreeDeferredStagingBuffer(StagingBufferMap& buffer) {

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ public:
             if (host_visible) {
                 return StagingBufferRef{};
             }
-            return staging_pool.Request(size_bytes, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+            return staging_pool.Request(device, size_bytes, MemoryUsage::Upload);
         }();
 
         u8* staging_data = host_visible ? buffer.Mapped().data() : staging.mapped_span.data();
@@ -366,11 +366,11 @@ BufferCacheRuntime::BufferCacheRuntime(const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& m
 }
 
 StagingBufferRef BufferCacheRuntime::UploadStagingBuffer(size_t size) {
-    return staging_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+    return staging_pool.Request(device, size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
 }
 
 StagingBufferRef BufferCacheRuntime::DownloadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred) {
-    return staging_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::Download, deferred);
+    return staging_pool.Request(device, size, MemoryUsage::Download, deferred);
 }
 
 VkFormat BufferCacheRuntime::TexelBufferFormat(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat format) const {

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ public:
     std::span<u8> BindMappedUniformBuffer([[maybe_unused]] size_t stage,
                                           [[maybe_unused]] u32 binding_index,
                                           u32 size) {
-        const StagingBufferRef ref = staging_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+        const StagingBufferRef ref = staging_pool.Request(device, size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
         guest_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(ref.buffer, ref.device_address,
                                          static_cast<u32>(ref.offset), size);
         return ref.mapped_span;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.cpp

@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ Uint8Pass::~Uint8Pass() = default;
 std::pair<VkBuffer, VkDeviceSize> Uint8Pass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, VkBuffer src_buffer,
                                                       u32 src_offset) {
     const u32 staging_size = static_cast<u32>(num_vertices * sizeof(u16));
-    const auto staging = staging_buffer_pool.Request(staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
+    const auto staging = staging_buffer_pool.Request(device, staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
 
     compute_pass_descriptor_queue.Acquire(scheduler, 2);
     compute_pass_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(src_buffer, src_offset, num_vertices);
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ std::pair<VkBuffer, VkDeviceSize> QuadIndexedPass::Assemble(
     const u32 num_tri_vertices = (is_strip ? (num_vertices - 2) / 2 : num_vertices / 4) * 6;
 
     const std::size_t staging_size = num_tri_vertices * sizeof(u32);
-    const auto staging = staging_buffer_pool.Request(staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
+    const auto staging = staging_buffer_pool.Request(device, staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
 
     compute_pass_descriptor_queue.Acquire(scheduler, 2);
     compute_pass_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(src_buffer, src_offset, input_size);

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_query_cache.cpp

@@ -852,7 +852,7 @@ public:
 
     void PushUnsyncedQueries() override {
         CloseCounter();
-        auto staging_ref = staging_pool.Request(
+        auto staging_ref = staging_pool.Request(device,
             pending_flush_queries.size() * TFBQueryBank::QUERY_SIZE, MemoryUsage::Download, true);
         size_t offset_base = staging_ref.offset;
         for (auto q : pending_flush_queries) {
@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@ void QueryCacheRuntime::SyncValues(std::span<SyncValuesType> values, VkBuffer ba
     impl->copies_setup.clear();
     impl->copies_setup.resize(impl->little_cache.size());
     if constexpr (SyncValuesType::GeneratesBaseBuffer) {
-        ref = impl->staging_pool.Request(total_size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+        ref = impl->staging_pool.Request(impl->device, total_size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
         size_t current_offset = ref.offset;
         size_t accumulated_size = 0;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.cpp

@@ -25,29 +25,14 @@ namespace {
 
 using namespace Common::Literals;
 
-// Maximum potential alignment of a Vulkan buffer
-constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_ALIGNMENT = 256;
-
-// Stream buffer size in bytes
-// *NIX drivers are more sensitive to increased buffers for streaming.
-// Windows ones however, can intake bigger buffers and generally do not OOM.
-// - GTX 960 on Windows will not OOM with 256mib
-// - GT 1030 on ^NIX will OOM with 256mib
-#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
-constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 128_MiB;
-#else
-constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 256_MiB;
-#endif
-
-size_t GetStreamBufferSize(const Device& device) {
+size_t GetStreamBufferSize(const Device& device, size_t max_stream_buffer_size, size_t max_alignment) {
     if (!device.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
-        return MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE;
+        return max_stream_buffer_size;
     }
 
     VkDeviceSize size{0};
     bool has_device_local_host_visible_heap{};
-    ForEachDeviceLocalHostVisibleHeap(device, [&size, &has_device_local_host_visible_heap](
-                                                  size_t index, VkMemoryHeap& heap) {
+    ForEachDeviceLocalHostVisibleHeap(device, [&size, &has_device_local_host_visible_heap](size_t index, VkMemoryHeap& heap) {
         has_device_local_host_visible_heap = true;
         size = (std::max)(size, heap.size);
     });
@@ -55,28 +40,27 @@ size_t GetStreamBufferSize(const Device& device) {
         // If rebar is not supported, cut the max heap size to 40%. This will allow 2 captures to be
         // loaded at the same time in RenderDoc. If rebar is supported, this shouldn't be an issue
         // as the heap will be much larger.
-        if (size <= MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+        if (size <= max_stream_buffer_size) {
             size = size * 40 / 100;
         }
     } else {
-        size = MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE;
+        size = max_stream_buffer_size;
     }
-    return (std::min)(Common::AlignUp(size, MAX_ALIGNMENT), MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    return (std::min)(Common::AlignUp(size, max_alignment), max_stream_buffer_size);
 }
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-StagingBufferPool::StagingBufferPool(const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_,
-                                     Scheduler& scheduler_)
-    : device{device_}, memory_allocator{memory_allocator_}, scheduler{scheduler_},
-      stream_buffer_size{GetStreamBufferSize(device)}, region_size{stream_buffer_size /
-                                                                   StagingBufferPool::NUM_SYNCS} {
+StagingBufferPool::StagingBufferPool(const Device& device, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_, Scheduler& scheduler_)
+    : memory_allocator{memory_allocator_}, scheduler{scheduler_}
+    , stream_buffer_size{GetStreamBufferSize(device, 256_MiB, 256)}
+{
     VkBufferCreateInfo stream_ci = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
         .flags = 0,
         .size = stream_buffer_size,
-        .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT |
-                 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT,
+        .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT
+            | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT,
         .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
         .queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
         .pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
@@ -87,7 +71,20 @@ StagingBufferPool::StagingBufferPool(const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& mem
     if (device.IsBufferDeviceAddressSupported()) {
         stream_ci.usage |= VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT;
     }
-    stream_buffer = memory_allocator.CreateBuffer(stream_ci, MemoryUsage::Stream);
+    // *BSD drivers are more sensitive to increased buffers for streaming.
+    // Windows ones however, can intake bigger buffers and generally do not OOM.
+    // - GTX 960 on Windows will not OOM with 256mib
+    // - GT 1030 on ^BSD will OOM with 256mib
+    // This doesn't seem to be, however, universally true
+    try {
+        stream_buffer = memory_allocator.CreateBuffer(stream_ci, MemoryUsage::Stream);
+    } catch (vk::Exception& e) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Can't fit {} bytes buffer, halving", stream_ci.size);
+        stream_buffer_size = GetStreamBufferSize(device, 128_MiB, 256);
+        stream_ci.size = stream_buffer_size;
+        stream_buffer = memory_allocator.CreateBuffer(stream_ci, MemoryUsage::Stream);
+    }
+    region_size = stream_buffer_size / StagingBufferPool::NUM_SYNCS;
     if (device.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
         stream_buffer.SetObjectNameEXT("Stream Buffer");
     }
@@ -100,11 +97,10 @@ StagingBufferPool::StagingBufferPool(const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& mem
 
 StagingBufferPool::~StagingBufferPool() = default;
 
-StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::Request(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred) {
-    if (!deferred && usage == MemoryUsage::Upload && size <= region_size) {
-        return GetStreamBuffer(size);
-    }
-    return GetStagingBuffer(size, usage, deferred);
+StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::Request(const Device& device, size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred) {
+    return (!deferred && usage == MemoryUsage::Upload && size <= region_size)
+        ? GetStreamBuffer(device, size)
+        : GetStagingBuffer(device, size, usage, deferred);
 }
 
 void StagingBufferPool::FreeDeferred(StagingBufferRef& ref) {
@@ -127,11 +123,10 @@ void StagingBufferPool::TickFrame() {
     ReleaseCache(MemoryUsage::Download);
 }
 
-StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStreamBuffer(size_t size) {
-    if (AreRegionsActive(Region(free_iterator) + 1,
-                         (std::min)(Region(iterator + size) + 1, NUM_SYNCS))) {
+StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStreamBuffer(const Device& device, size_t size) {
+    if (AreRegionsActive(Region(free_iterator) + 1, (std::min)(Region(iterator + size) + 1, NUM_SYNCS))) {
         // Avoid waiting for the previous usages to be free
-        return GetStagingBuffer(size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+        return GetStagingBuffer(device, size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
     }
     const u64 current_tick = scheduler.CurrentTick();
     std::fill(sync_ticks.begin() + Region(used_iterator), sync_ticks.begin() + Region(iterator),
@@ -140,15 +135,14 @@ StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStreamBuffer(size_t size) {
     free_iterator = (std::max)(free_iterator, iterator + size);
 
     if (iterator + size >= stream_buffer_size) {
-        std::fill(sync_ticks.begin() + Region(used_iterator), sync_ticks.begin() + NUM_SYNCS,
-                  current_tick);
+        std::fill(sync_ticks.begin() + Region(used_iterator), sync_ticks.begin() + NUM_SYNCS, current_tick);
         used_iterator = 0;
         iterator = 0;
         free_iterator = size;
 
         if (AreRegionsActive(0, Region(size) + 1)) {
             // Avoid waiting for the previous usages to be free
-            return GetStagingBuffer(size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+            return GetStagingBuffer(device, size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
         }
     }
     const size_t offset = iterator;
@@ -156,7 +150,7 @@ StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStreamBuffer(size_t size) {
     return StagingBufferRef{
         .buffer = *stream_buffer,
         .device_address = stream_buffer_address,
-        .offset = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(offset),
+        .offset = VkDeviceSize(offset),
         .mapped_span = stream_pointer.subspan(offset, size),
         .usage{},
         .log2_level{},
@@ -166,21 +160,18 @@ StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStreamBuffer(size_t size) {
 
 bool StagingBufferPool::AreRegionsActive(size_t region_begin, size_t region_end) const {
     const u64 gpu_tick = scheduler.GetMasterSemaphore().KnownGpuTick();
-    return std::any_of(sync_ticks.begin() + region_begin, sync_ticks.begin() + region_end,
-                       [gpu_tick](u64 sync_tick) { return gpu_tick < sync_tick; });
+    return std::any_of(sync_ticks.begin() + region_begin, sync_ticks.begin() + region_end, [gpu_tick](u64 sync_tick) {
+        return gpu_tick < sync_tick;
+    });
 };
 
-StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStagingBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage,
-                                                     bool deferred) {
-    if (const std::optional<StagingBufferRef> ref = TryGetReservedBuffer(size, usage, deferred)) {
+StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStagingBuffer(const Device& device, size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred) {
+    if (const std::optional<StagingBufferRef> ref = TryGetReservedBuffer(size, usage, deferred))
         return *ref;
-    }
-    return CreateStagingBuffer(size, usage, deferred);
+    return CreateStagingBuffer(device, size, usage, deferred);
 }
 
-std::optional<StagingBufferRef> StagingBufferPool::TryGetReservedBuffer(size_t size,
-                                                                        MemoryUsage usage,
-                                                                        bool deferred) {
+std::optional<StagingBufferRef> StagingBufferPool::TryGetReservedBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred) {
     StagingBuffers& cache_level = GetCache(usage)[Common::Log2Ceil(size)];
 
     const auto is_free = [this](const StagingBuffer& entry) {
@@ -202,7 +193,7 @@ std::optional<StagingBufferRef> StagingBufferPool::TryGetReservedBuffer(size_t s
     return it->Ref();
 }
 
-StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::CreateStagingBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred) {
+StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::CreateStagingBuffer(const Device& device, size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred) {
     auto const log2_size = Common::Log2Ceil<u32>(u32(size));
     VkBufferCreateInfo buffer_ci = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.h

@@ -33,11 +33,10 @@ class StagingBufferPool {
 public:
     static constexpr size_t NUM_SYNCS = 16;
 
-    explicit StagingBufferPool(const Device& device, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator,
-                               Scheduler& scheduler);
+    explicit StagingBufferPool(const Device& device, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator, Scheduler& scheduler);
     ~StagingBufferPool();
 
-    StagingBufferRef Request(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred = false);
+    StagingBufferRef Request(const Device& device, size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred = false);
     void FreeDeferred(StagingBufferRef& ref);
 
     [[nodiscard]] VkBuffer StreamBuf() const noexcept {
@@ -84,27 +83,18 @@ private:
     static constexpr size_t NUM_LEVELS = sizeof(size_t) * CHAR_BIT;
     using StagingBuffersCache = std::array<StagingBuffers, NUM_LEVELS>;
 
-    StagingBufferRef GetStreamBuffer(size_t size);
-
+    StagingBufferRef GetStreamBuffer(const Device& device, size_t size);
     bool AreRegionsActive(size_t region_begin, size_t region_end) const;
-
-    StagingBufferRef GetStagingBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred = false);
-
-    std::optional<StagingBufferRef> TryGetReservedBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage,
-                                                         bool deferred);
-
-    StagingBufferRef CreateStagingBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred);
-
+    StagingBufferRef GetStagingBuffer(const Device& device, size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred = false);
+    std::optional<StagingBufferRef> TryGetReservedBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred);
+    StagingBufferRef CreateStagingBuffer(const Device& device, size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred);
     StagingBuffersCache& GetCache(MemoryUsage usage);
-
     void ReleaseCache(MemoryUsage usage);
-
     void ReleaseLevel(StagingBuffersCache& cache, size_t log2);
     size_t Region(size_t iter) const noexcept {
         return iter / region_size;
     }
 
-    const Device& device;
     MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator;
     Scheduler& scheduler;
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp

@@ -975,11 +975,11 @@ void TextureCacheRuntime::Finish() {
 }
 
 StagingBufferRef TextureCacheRuntime::UploadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred) {
-    return staging_buffer_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::Upload, deferred);
+    return staging_buffer_pool.Request(device, size, MemoryUsage::Upload, deferred);
 }
 
 StagingBufferRef TextureCacheRuntime::DownloadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred) {
-    return staging_buffer_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::Download, deferred);
+    return staging_buffer_pool.Request(device, size, MemoryUsage::Download, deferred);
 }
 
 void TextureCacheRuntime::FreeDeferredStagingBuffer(StagingBufferRef& ref) {