[hle/kernel] remove flusher thread from OutputDebugString

Signed-off-by: lizzie <lizzie@eden-emu.dev>

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/ui/SettingsFragmentPresenter.kt

@@ -99,7 +99,12 @@ class SettingsFragmentPresenter(
 
             add(BooleanSetting.RENDERER_FRAME_GEN.key)
             add(IntSetting.RENDERER_FRAME_GEN_TARGET_RATE.key)
-            add(IntSetting.RENDERER_FRAME_GEN_MULTIPLIER.key)
+            if (IntSetting.RENDERER_FRAME_GEN_TARGET_RATE.getInt(
+                    getNeedsGlobalForKey(IntSetting.RENDERER_FRAME_GEN_TARGET_RATE.key)
+                ) == 0
+            ) {
+                add(IntSetting.RENDERER_FRAME_GEN_MULTIPLIER.key)
+            }
             add(IntSetting.RENDERER_FRAME_GEN_QUEUE_TARGET.key)
             add(BooleanSetting.RENDERER_FRAME_GEN_FLOW_SCALE_AUTO.key)
             if (!BooleanSetting.RENDERER_FRAME_GEN_FLOW_SCALE_AUTO.getBoolean(
@@ -307,8 +312,6 @@ class SettingsFragmentPresenter(
     // TODO(crueter): sub-submenus?
     private fun addGraphicsSettings(sl: ArrayList<SettingsItem>) {
         sl.apply {
-            // add(IntSetting.RENDERER_NVDEC_EMULATION.key)
-
             add(IntSetting.RENDERER_RESOLUTION.key)
             add(IntSetting.RENDERER_VSYNC.key)
             add(IntSetting.RENDERER_SCALING_FILTER.key)
@@ -325,6 +328,7 @@ class SettingsFragmentPresenter(
             add(IntSetting.MAX_ANISOTROPY.key)
             add(IntSetting.RENDERER_VRAM_USAGE_MODE.key)
             add(IntSetting.RENDERER_ASTC_DECODE_METHOD.key)
+            add(IntSetting.RENDERER_NVDEC_EMULATION.key)
 
             add(BooleanSetting.SYNC_MEMORY_OPERATIONS.key)
             add(BooleanSetting.RENDERER_USE_DISK_SHADER_CACHE.key)

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/ui/GamesFragment.kt

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
 import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat
 import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat
+import androidx.core.view.doOnPreDraw
 import androidx.core.view.updatePadding
 import androidx.core.widget.doOnTextChanged
 import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
@@ -59,6 +60,10 @@ class GamesFragment : Fragment() {
 
     private var lastViewType: Int = GameAdapter.VIEW_TYPE_GRID
     private var fallbackBottomInset: Int = 0
+    private var pendingPostReloadListSettle = false
+    private var pendingPostReloadListSettleGeneration = 0
+    private var gameListSubmitGeneration = 0
+    private var committedGameListSubmitGeneration = 0
 
     companion object {
         private const val SEARCH_TEXT = "SearchText"
@@ -168,10 +173,9 @@ class GamesFragment : Fragment() {
 
         gamesViewModel.shouldScrollAfterReload.collect(viewLifecycleOwner) { shouldScroll ->
             if (shouldScroll) {
-                binding.gridGames.post {
-                    (binding.gridGames as? CarouselRecyclerView)?.pendingScrollAfterReload = true
-                    gameAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
-                }
+                pendingPostReloadListSettle = true
+                pendingPostReloadListSettleGeneration = gameListSubmitGeneration
+                schedulePostReloadListSettle()
                 gamesViewModel.setShouldScrollAfterReload(false)
             }
         }
@@ -273,11 +277,42 @@ class GamesFragment : Fragment() {
             lastSearchText = currentSearchText
             lastFilter = currentFilter
         } else {
-            ((binding.gridGames as? RecyclerView)?.adapter as? GameAdapter)?.submitList(games)
+            submitGameList(games)
             gamesViewModel.setFilteredGames(games)
         }
     }
 
+    private fun submitGameList(games: List<Game>) {
+        val adapter = (binding.gridGames as? RecyclerView)?.adapter as? GameAdapter
+        if (adapter == null) {
+            schedulePostReloadListSettle()
+            return
+        }
+
+        val submitGeneration = ++gameListSubmitGeneration
+        adapter.submitList(games) {
+            if (committedGameListSubmitGeneration < submitGeneration) {
+                committedGameListSubmitGeneration = submitGeneration
+            }
+            schedulePostReloadListSettle()
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    private fun schedulePostReloadListSettle() {
+        if (!pendingPostReloadListSettle || _binding == null) return
+
+        binding.gridGames.doOnPreDraw {
+            if (!pendingPostReloadListSettle || _binding == null) return@doOnPreDraw
+            if (committedGameListSubmitGeneration < pendingPostReloadListSettleGeneration) {
+                schedulePostReloadListSettle()
+                return@doOnPreDraw
+            }
+            pendingPostReloadListSettle = false
+
+            (binding.gridGames as? CarouselRecyclerView)?.refreshView()
+        }
+    }
     private fun setupTopView() {
         binding.searchText.doOnTextChanged() { text: CharSequence?, _: Int, _: Int, _: Int ->
             if (text.toString().isNotEmpty()) {
@@ -414,9 +449,7 @@ class GamesFragment : Fragment() {
 
         val searchTerm = binding.searchText.text.toString().lowercase(Locale.getDefault())
         if (searchTerm.isEmpty()) {
-            ((binding.gridGames as? RecyclerView)?.adapter as? GameAdapter)?.submitList(
-                filteredList
-            )
+            submitGameList(filteredList)
             gamesViewModel.setFilteredGames(filteredList)
             return
         }
@@ -432,7 +465,7 @@ class GamesFragment : Fragment() {
             }
         }.sortedByDescending { it.score }.map { it.item }
 
-        ((binding.gridGames as? RecyclerView)?.adapter as? GameAdapter)?.submitList(sortedList)
+        submitGameList(sortedList)
         gamesViewModel.setFilteredGames(sortedList)
     }
 

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/utils/GameHelper.kt

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ object GameHelper {
 
     fun getGames(): List<Game> {
         val games = mutableListOf<Game>()
+        val gamesByProgramId = mutableMapOf<String, Game>()
         val context = YuzuApplication.appContext
         preferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context)
 
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ object GameHelper {
 
                 addGamesRecursive(
                     games,
+                    gamesByProgramId,
                     FileUtil.listFiles(gameDirUri),
                     scanDepth,
                     mountedContainerUris
@@ -136,6 +138,7 @@ object GameHelper {
 
     private fun addGamesRecursive(
         games: MutableList<Game>,
+        gamesByProgramId: MutableMap<String, Game>,
         files: Array<MinimalDocumentFile>,
         depth: Int,
         mountedContainerUris: MutableSet<String>
@@ -148,6 +151,7 @@ object GameHelper {
             if (it.isDirectory) {
                 addGamesRecursive(
                     games,
+                    gamesByProgramId,
                     FileUtil.listFiles(it.uri),
                     depth - 1,
                     mountedContainerUris
@@ -156,8 +160,9 @@ object GameHelper {
                 val extension = FileUtil.getExtension(it.uri).lowercase()
                 val filePath = it.uri.toString()
 
-                if (externalContentExtensions.contains(extension) &&
-                    mountedContainerUris.add(filePath)) {
+                val mountedContainer = externalContentExtensions.contains(extension) &&
+                    mountedContainerUris.add(filePath)
+                if (mountedContainer) {
                     NativeLibrary.addGameFolderFileToFilesystemProvider(filePath)
                 }
 
@@ -165,6 +170,20 @@ object GameHelper {
                     val game = getGame(it.uri, true, false)
                     if (game != null) {
                         games.add(game)
+                        if (game.programId != "0") {
+                            gamesByProgramId[game.programId] = game
+                        }
+                    } else if (mountedContainer) {
+                        GameMetadata.getProgramId(filePath).toLongOrNull()?.let { programId ->
+                            gamesByProgramId[(programId and 0x800L.inv()).toString()]
+                        }?.let { existingGame ->
+                            NativeLibrary.getPatchesForFile(existingGame.path, existingGame.programId)
+                            existingGame.version = GameMetadata.getVersion(
+                                existingGame.path,
+                                true
+                            )
+                            GameIconUtils.refreshGameIcon(existingGame)
+                        }
                     }
                 }
             }

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/utils/GameIconUtils.kt

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -24,6 +27,15 @@ import coil.request.Options
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.R
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.YuzuApplication
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.model.Game
+import java.util.Collections
+import java.util.WeakHashMap
+
+private val gameIconHashes = Collections.synchronizedMap(mutableMapOf<String, Int>())
+private val gameIconTargets = Collections.synchronizedMap(WeakHashMap<ImageView, GameIconTarget>())
+
+private fun Game.iconCacheKey(): String = "$path|$version"
+
+private data class GameIconTarget(val game: Game, var iconHash: Int? = null)
 
 class GameIconFetcher(
     private val game: Game,
@@ -31,14 +43,15 @@ class GameIconFetcher(
 ) : Fetcher {
     override suspend fun fetch(): FetchResult {
         return DrawableResult(
-            drawable = decodeGameIcon(game.path)!!.toDrawable(options.context.resources),
+            drawable = decodeGameIcon(game)!!.toDrawable(options.context.resources),
             isSampled = false,
             dataSource = DataSource.DISK
         )
     }
 
-    private fun decodeGameIcon(uri: String): Bitmap? {
-        val data = GameMetadata.getIcon(uri)
+    private fun decodeGameIcon(game: Game): Bitmap? {
+        val data = GameMetadata.getIcon(game.path)
+        gameIconHashes[game.iconCacheKey()] = data.contentHashCode()
         return BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(
             data,
             0,
@@ -54,7 +67,7 @@ class GameIconFetcher(
 }
 
 class GameIconKeyer : Keyer<Game> {
-    override fun key(data: Game, options: Options): String = data.path
+    override fun key(data: Game, options: Options): String = data.iconCacheKey()
 }
 
 object GameIconUtils {
@@ -71,14 +84,58 @@ object GameIconUtils {
         .build()
 
     fun loadGameIcon(game: Game, imageView: ImageView) {
+        gameIconTargets[imageView] = GameIconTarget(game)
         val request = ImageRequest.Builder(YuzuApplication.appContext)
             .data(game)
             .target(imageView)
             .error(R.drawable.default_icon)
+            .listener(
+                onSuccess = { _, _ ->
+                    val target = gameIconTargets[imageView]
+                    if (target?.game?.iconCacheKey() == game.iconCacheKey()) {
+                        gameIconHashes[game.iconCacheKey()]?.let {
+                            target.iconHash = it
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                onError = { _, _ ->
+                    gameIconTargets[imageView]?.iconHash = null
+                }
+            )
             .build()
         imageLoader.enqueue(request)
     }
 
+    fun refreshGameIcon(game: Game) {
+        val targets = synchronized(gameIconTargets) {
+            gameIconTargets
+                .filterValues { it.game.path == game.path && it.game.programId == game.programId }
+                .keys
+                .toList()
+        }
+        if (targets.isEmpty()) {
+            return
+        }
+
+        val iconHash = GameMetadata.getIcon(game.path).contentHashCode()
+        val targetsToRefresh = targets.filter { gameIconTargets[it]?.iconHash != iconHash }
+        if (targetsToRefresh.isEmpty()) {
+            return
+        }
+
+        imageLoader.memoryCache?.remove(MemoryCache.Key(game.iconCacheKey()))
+        targetsToRefresh.forEach { imageView ->
+            imageView.post {
+                val target = gameIconTargets[imageView] ?: return@post
+                if (target.game.path == game.path && target.game.programId == game.programId) {
+                    if (target.iconHash != iconHash) {
+                        loadGameIcon(game, imageView)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     suspend fun getGameIcon(lifecycleOwner: LifecycleOwner, game: Game): Bitmap {
         val request = ImageRequest.Builder(YuzuApplication.appContext)
             .data(game)

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/views/CarouselRecyclerView.kt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
 package org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.ui
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.PagerSnapHelper
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
 import kotlin.math.abs
+import kotlin.math.cos
+import kotlin.math.sin
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.R
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.adapters.GameAdapter
 import androidx.core.view.doOnNextLayout
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ class CarouselRecyclerView @JvmOverloads constructor(
     private var overlapDecoration: OverlappingDecoration? = null
     private var pagerSnapHelper: PagerSnapHelper? = null
     private var scalingScrollListener: OnScrollListener? = null
+    private var savedItemAnimator: RecyclerView.ItemAnimator? = null
 
     companion object {
         private const val CAROUSEL_CARD_SIZE_FACTOR = "CarouselCardSizeMultiplier"
@@ -42,8 +45,13 @@ class CarouselRecyclerView @JvmOverloads constructor(
         private const val CAROUSEL_OVERLAP_FACTOR = "CarouselOverlapFactor"
         private const val CAROUSEL_MAX_FLING_COUNT = "CarouselMaxFlingCount"
         private const val CAROUSEL_FLING_MULTIPLIER = "CarouselFlingMultiplier"
-        private const val CAROUSEL_CARDS_SCALING_SHAPE = "CarouselCardsScalingShape"
-        private const val CAROUSEL_CARDS_ALPHA_SHAPE = "CarouselCardsAlphaShape"
+        private const val CAROUSEL_ARC_ANGLE_STEP_DEGREES = 15.0
+        private const val CAROUSEL_ARC_MAX_ANGLE_DEGREES = 165.0
+        private const val CAROUSEL_ARC_DEPTH_MAX_ANGLE_DEGREES = 85.0
+        private const val CAROUSEL_ARC_DEPTH_STRETCH = 5.0f
+        private const val CAROUSEL_ARC_X_DEPTH_FACTOR = 0.55f
+        private const val CAROUSEL_ARC_FADE_OUT_START_DEGREES = 60.0
+        private const val CAROUSEL_ARC_FADE_OUT_END_DEGREES = 95.0
         const val CAROUSEL_LAST_SCROLL_POSITION = "CarouselLastScrollPosition"
         const val CAROUSEL_VIEW_TYPE_PORTRAIT = "GamesViewTypePortrait"
         const val CAROUSEL_VIEW_TYPE_LANDSCAPE = "GamesViewTypeLandscape"
@@ -160,46 +168,52 @@ class CarouselRecyclerView @JvmOverloads constructor(
         }
     }
 
-    fun shapingFunction(x: Float, option: Int = 0): Float {
-        return when (option) {
-            0 -> 1f // Off
-            1 -> 1f - x // linear descending
-            2 -> (1f - x) * (1f - x) // Ease out
-            3 -> if (x < 0.05f) 1f else (1f - x) * 0.8f
-            4 -> kotlin.math.cos(x * Math.PI).toFloat() // Cosine
-            5 -> kotlin.math.cos((1.5f * x).coerceIn(0f, 1f) * Math.PI).toFloat() // Cosine 1.5x trimmed
-            else -> 1f // Default to Off
-        }
-    }
-
     fun updateChildScaleAndAlphaForPosition(child: View) {
         val cardSize = (adapter as? GameAdapter ?: return).cardSize
         val position = getChildViewHolder(child).bindingAdapterPosition
         if (position == RecyclerView.NO_POSITION || cardSize <= 0) {
             return // No valid position or card size
         }
-        child.layoutParams.width = cardSize
-        child.layoutParams.height = cardSize
+        val layoutParams = child.layoutParams
+        if (layoutParams.width != cardSize || layoutParams.height != cardSize) {
+            child.layoutParams = layoutParams.apply {
+                width = cardSize
+                height = cardSize
+            }
+        }
+
+        val signedDistance = getChildDistanceToCenter(child)
+        val itemStep = (cardSize - overlapPx).toFloat().coerceAtLeast(1f)
+        val angleStep = Math.toRadians(CAROUSEL_ARC_ANGLE_STEP_DEGREES).toFloat()
+        val maxAngle = Math.toRadians(CAROUSEL_ARC_MAX_ANGLE_DEGREES).toFloat()
+        val depthMaxAngle = Math.toRadians(CAROUSEL_ARC_DEPTH_MAX_ANGLE_DEGREES).toFloat()
+        val fadeOutStartAngle = Math.toRadians(CAROUSEL_ARC_FADE_OUT_START_DEGREES).toFloat()
+        val fadeOutEndAngle = Math.toRadians(CAROUSEL_ARC_FADE_OUT_END_DEGREES).toFloat()
+        val angle = (signedDistance / itemStep * angleStep).coerceIn(-maxAngle, maxAngle)
+        val arcRadius = itemStep / angleStep
+        val arcX = sin(angle) * arcRadius
+        val absoluteAngle = abs(angle)
+        val rawDepthInput = ((1f - cos(absoluteAngle)) / (1f - cos(depthMaxAngle)))
+            .coerceIn(0f, 1f)
+        val easedDepthTail = Math.pow(
+            (1f - rawDepthInput).toDouble(),
+            CAROUSEL_ARC_DEPTH_STRETCH.toDouble()
+        ).toFloat()
+        val depthInput = (1f - easedDepthTail).coerceIn(0f, 1f)
+        val projectedArcX = arcX * (1f - rawDepthInput * CAROUSEL_ARC_X_DEPTH_FACTOR)
+
+        child.animate().cancel()
+        child.translationX = projectedArcX - signedDistance
 
-        val center = getRecyclerViewCenter()
-        val distance = abs(getChildDistanceToCenter(child))
         val internalBorderScale = resources.getFraction(R.fraction.carousel_bordercards_scale, 1, 1)
         val borderScale = preferences.getFloat(CAROUSEL_BORDERCARDS_SCALE, internalBorderScale).coerceIn(
             0f,
             1f
         )
 
-        val shapeInput = (distance / center).coerceIn(0f, 1f)
-        val internalShapeSetting = resources.getInteger(R.integer.carousel_cards_scaling_shape)
-        val scalingShapeSetting = preferences.getInt(
-            CAROUSEL_CARDS_SCALING_SHAPE,
-            internalShapeSetting
-        )
-        val shapedScaling = shapingFunction(shapeInput, scalingShapeSetting)
+        val shapedScaling = 1f - depthInput
         val scale = (borderScale + (1f - borderScale) * shapedScaling).coerceIn(0f, 1f)
 
-        val maxDistance = width / 2f
-        val alphaInput = (distance / maxDistance).coerceIn(0f, 1f)
         val internalBordersAlpha = resources.getFraction(
             R.fraction.carousel_bordercards_alpha,
             1,
@@ -209,15 +223,12 @@ class CarouselRecyclerView @JvmOverloads constructor(
             0f,
             1f
         )
-        val internalAlphaShapeSetting = resources.getInteger(R.integer.carousel_cards_alpha_shape)
-        val alphaShapeSetting = preferences.getInt(
-            CAROUSEL_CARDS_ALPHA_SHAPE,
-            internalAlphaShapeSetting
-        )
-        val shapedAlpha = shapingFunction(alphaInput, alphaShapeSetting)
-        val alpha = (borderAlpha + (1f - borderAlpha) * shapedAlpha).coerceIn(0f, 1f)
+        val shapedAlpha = cos(depthInput * Math.PI).toFloat()
+        val baseAlpha = (borderAlpha + (1f - borderAlpha) * shapedAlpha).coerceIn(0f, 1f)
+        val rearPresence = (1f - (absoluteAngle - fadeOutStartAngle) /
+            (fadeOutEndAngle - fadeOutStartAngle)).coerceIn(0f, 1f)
+        val alpha = (baseAlpha * rearPresence).coerceIn(0f, 1f)
 
-        child.animate().cancel()
         child.alpha = alpha
         child.scaleX = scale
         child.scaleY = scale
@@ -273,7 +284,9 @@ class CarouselRecyclerView @JvmOverloads constructor(
             0f,
             1f
         )
-        return (userFactor * (height - bottomInset)).toInt()
+        val scaledHeight = height * userFactor
+        val availableHeight = height - bottomInset
+        return minOf(scaledHeight.toInt(), availableHeight.toInt())
     }
 
     fun setupCarousel(enabled: Boolean) {
@@ -282,6 +295,13 @@ class CarouselRecyclerView @JvmOverloads constructor(
             if (gameAdapter.cardSize == 0) return
             if (bottomInset < 0) return
 
+            itemAnimator?.let {
+                if (savedItemAnimator == null) {
+                    savedItemAnimator = it
+                }
+                itemAnimator = null
+            }
+
             useCustomDrawingOrder = true
             val cardSize = gameAdapter.cardSize
 
@@ -336,6 +356,12 @@ class CarouselRecyclerView @JvmOverloads constructor(
             // Detach PagerSnapHelper
             pagerSnapHelper?.attachToRecyclerView(null)
             pagerSnapHelper = null
+            savedItemAnimator?.let {
+                if (itemAnimator == null) {
+                    itemAnimator = it
+                }
+                savedItemAnimator = null
+            }
             useCustomDrawingOrder = false
             // Reset padding and fling
             setPadding(0, 0, 0, 0)
@@ -344,6 +370,7 @@ class CarouselRecyclerView @JvmOverloads constructor(
             // Reset scaling
             for (i in 0 until childCount) {
                 val child = getChildAt(i)
+                child?.translationX = 0f
                 child?.scaleX = 1f
                 child?.scaleY = 1f
                 child?.alpha = 1f

src/android/app/src/main/res/color/game_card_ripple.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+    <item android:state_pressed="true" android:color="?attr/colorControlHighlight" />
+    <item android:state_focused="true" android:color="@android:color/transparent" />
+    <item android:state_selected="true" android:color="@android:color/transparent" />
+    <item android:state_hovered="true" android:color="@android:color/transparent" />
+    <item android:color="@android:color/transparent" />
+</selector>

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout-land/card_game_carousel.xml

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
     android:clipChildren="true"
     android:layout_margin="0dp"
     app:cardBackgroundColor="@color/eden_card_background"
+    app:rippleColor="@color/game_card_ripple"
     app:strokeWidth="1dp"
     app:strokeColor="@color/eden_border">
 

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout/card_game_carousel.xml

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
     app:cardCornerRadius="16dp"
     app:cardPreventCornerOverlap="true"
     android:clipChildren="true"
+    app:rippleColor="@color/game_card_ripple"
     android:layout_margin="4dp">
 
     <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout/card_game_grid.xml

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
         android:focusable="true"
         android:transitionName="card_game"
         app:cardCornerRadius="16dp"
+        app:rippleColor="@color/game_card_ripple"
         android:foreground="@color/eden_border_gradient_start">
 
         <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout/card_game_grid_compact.xml

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
         android:focusable="true"
         android:transitionName="card_game_compact"
         app:cardCornerRadius="16dp"
+        app:rippleColor="@color/game_card_ripple"
         android:foreground="@color/eden_border_gradient_start">
 
         <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout

src/android/app/src/main/res/layout/card_game_list.xml

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     app:cardCornerRadius="16dp"
     app:cardElevation="0dp"
     app:cardBackgroundColor="@android:color/transparent"
+    app:rippleColor="@color/game_card_ripple"
     app:strokeWidth="0dp">
 
     <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout

src/android/app/src/main/res/values/integers.xml

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
     <integer name="game_columns_grid">2</integer>
     <integer name="carousel_max_fling_count">4</integer>
     <integer name="carousel_focus_search_repeat_threshold_ms">100</integer>
-    <integer name="carousel_cards_scaling_shape">1</integer>
-    <integer name="carousel_cards_alpha_shape">4</integer>
 
     <!-- Default SWITCH landscape layout -->
     <integer name="BUTTON_A_X">760</integer>

src/android/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 
     <!-- NVDEC Emulation -->
     <string name="nvdec_emulation">NVDEC Emulation</string>
-    <string name="nvdec_emulation_description">Select how video decoding (NVDEC) is handled during cutscenes and intros.</string>
+    <string name="nvdec_emulation_description">Change to CPU if a crash occurs on cinematics.</string>
     <string name="nvdec_emulation_cpu" translatable="false">CPU</string>
     <string name="nvdec_emulation_gpu" translatable="false">GPU</string>
     <string name="nvdec_emulation_none">None</string>

src/common/net/net.cpp

@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ std::optional<std::string> MakeRequest(const std::string& url, const std::string
                       response.status);
             return {};
         }
-        if (!response.headers.contains("content-type")) {
+        if (!response.has_header("content-type")) {
             LOG_ERROR(Common, "GET to {}{} returned no content", url, path);
             return {};
         }

src/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1267,6 +1267,23 @@ if (ARCHITECTURE_x86_64 OR ARCHITECTURE_arm64 OR ARCHITECTURE_riscv64 OR ARCHITE
     target_link_libraries(core PRIVATE dynarmic::dynarmic)
 endif()
 
+target_sources(core PRIVATE hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend_openssl.cpp)
+
 target_link_libraries(core PRIVATE OpenSSL::SSL OpenSSL::Crypto)
 
+# TODO
+
+# elseif (APPLE)
+#     target_sources(core PRIVATE
+#         hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend_securetransport.cpp)
+#     target_link_libraries(core PRIVATE "-framework Security")
+# elseif (WIN32)
+#     target_sources(core PRIVATE
+#         hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend_schannel.cpp)
+#     target_link_libraries(core PRIVATE crypt32 secur32)
+# else()
+#     target_sources(core PRIVATE
+#         hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend_none.cpp)
+# endif()
+
 create_target_directory_groups(core)

src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_debug_string.cpp

@@ -17,56 +17,12 @@
 
 namespace Kernel::Svc {
 
-constexpr auto MAX_MSG_TIME = std::chrono::milliseconds(250);
-const auto MAX_MSG_SIZE = 0x1000;
-
 /// Used to output a message on a debug hardware unit - does nothing on a retail unit
 Result OutputDebugString(Core::System& system, u64 address, u64 len) {
-    static struct DebugFlusher {
-        std::string msg_buffer;
-        std::mutex msg_mutex;
-        std::condition_variable msg_cv;
-        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_msg_time;
-        std::optional<std::jthread> thread;
-    } flusher_data;
     R_SUCCEED_IF(len == 0);
-    // Only start the thread the very first time this function is called
-    if (!flusher_data.thread) {
-        flusher_data.thread.emplace([](std::stop_token stop_token) {
-            while (!stop_token.stop_requested()) {
-                std::unique_lock lock(flusher_data.msg_mutex);
-                flusher_data.msg_cv.wait(lock, [&stop_token] {
-                    return !flusher_data.msg_buffer.empty() || stop_token.stop_requested();
-                });
-                if (stop_token.stop_requested() && flusher_data.msg_buffer.empty())
-                    break;
-                auto timeout = flusher_data.last_msg_time + MAX_MSG_TIME;
-                bool woke_early = flusher_data.msg_cv.wait_until(lock, timeout, [&stop_token] {
-                    return flusher_data.msg_buffer.size() >= MAX_MSG_SIZE || stop_token.stop_requested();
-                });
-                if (!woke_early || flusher_data.msg_buffer.size() >= MAX_MSG_SIZE || stop_token.stop_requested()) {
-                    if (!flusher_data.msg_buffer.empty()) {
-                        // Remove trailing newline as LOG_INFO adds that anyways
-                        if (flusher_data.msg_buffer.back() == '\n')
-                            flusher_data.msg_buffer.pop_back();
-
-                        LOG_INFO(Debug_Emulated, "\n{}", flusher_data.msg_buffer);
-                        flusher_data.msg_buffer.clear();
-                    }
-                    if (stop_token.stop_requested()) break;
-                }
-            }
-            flusher_data.msg_cv.notify_all();
-        });
-    }
-    {
-        std::lock_guard lock(flusher_data.msg_mutex);
-        const auto old_size = flusher_data.msg_buffer.size();
-        flusher_data.msg_buffer.resize(old_size + len);
-        GetCurrentMemory(system.Kernel()).ReadBlock(address, flusher_data.msg_buffer.data() + old_size, len);
-        flusher_data.last_msg_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-    }
-    flusher_data.msg_cv.notify_one();
+    std::string msg_buffer(len);
+    GetCurrentMemory(system.Kernel()).ReadBlock(address, msg_buffer.data(), len);
+    LOG_INFO(Debug_Emulated, "{}", msg_buffer);
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/nim/nim.cpp

@@ -5,33 +5,136 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #include <chrono>
-#include <ctime>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_event.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/cmif_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/ipc_helpers.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/kernel_helpers.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nim/nim.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/os/event.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/server_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
 
 namespace Service::NIM {
-
 class IShopServiceAsync final : public ServiceFramework<IShopServiceAsync> {
 public:
     explicit IShopServiceAsync(Core::System& system_)
-        : ServiceFramework{system_, "IShopServiceAsync"} {
+        : ServiceFramework{system_, "IShopServiceAsync"},
+          service_context{system_, "IShopServiceAsync"} {
         // clang-format off
         static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
-            {0, nullptr, "Cancel"},
-            {1, nullptr, "GetSize"},
-            {2, nullptr, "Read"},
-            {3, nullptr, "GetErrorCode"},
-            {4, nullptr, "Request"},
-            {5, nullptr, "Prepare"},
+            {0, D<&IShopServiceAsync::Cancel>, "Cancel"},
+            {1, D<&IShopServiceAsync::GetSize>, "GetSize"},
+            {2, D<&IShopServiceAsync::Read>, "Read"},
+            {3, D<&IShopServiceAsync::GetErrorCode>, "GetErrorCode"},
+            {4, D<&IShopServiceAsync::Request>, "Request"},
+            {5, D<&IShopServiceAsync::Prepare>, "Prepare"},
         };
         // clang-format on
 
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
+
+        completion_event = service_context.CreateEvent("IShopServiceAsync:Completion");
+    }
+
+    ~IShopServiceAsync() override {
+        CancelImpl();
+        service_context.CloseEvent(completion_event);
+    }
+
+    Kernel::KReadableEvent* GetEvent() const {
+        return &completion_event->GetReadableEvent();
+    }
+
+private:
+    KernelHelpers::ServiceContext service_context;
+    Kernel::KEvent* completion_event;
+
+    std::jthread worker;
+    std::atomic<u32> error_code{0};
+
+    std::mutex data_mutex;
+    std::vector<u8> download_data;
+
+    void CancelImpl() {
+        worker.request_stop();
+        if (worker.joinable()) {
+            worker.join();
+        }
+    }
+
+    Result Cancel() {
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_NIM, "called");
+        CancelImpl();
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }
+
+    Result GetSize(Out<u64> out_size) {
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_NIM, "called");
+        std::scoped_lock lock{data_mutex};
+        *out_size = download_data.size();
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }
+
+    Result Read(Out<u64> out_size, u64 offset, OutBuffer<BufferAttr_HipcAutoSelect> out_buffer) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{data_mutex};
+
+        u64 actual_read = 0;
+        if (offset < download_data.size()) {
+            actual_read = std::min<u64>(out_buffer.size(), download_data.size() - offset);
+            std::memcpy(out_buffer.data(), download_data.data() + offset, actual_read);
+        }
+
+        *out_size = actual_read;
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }
+
+    Result GetErrorCode(Out<u32> out_error_code) {
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_NIM, "called");
+        *out_error_code = error_code.load();
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }
+
+    Result Request() {
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_NIM, "(STUBBED) called");
+        CancelImpl();
+
+        error_code.store(0);
+        completion_event->Clear(system.Kernel());
+
+        {
+            std::scoped_lock lock{data_mutex};
+            download_data.clear();
+        }
+
+        worker = std::jthread([this](const std::stop_token& stop_token) {
+            if (stop_token.stop_requested()) {
+                error_code.store(1);
+            } else {
+                std::scoped_lock lock{data_mutex};
+                // Dummy JSON response, else it fails...
+                const std::string dummy_response = "{}";
+                download_data.assign(dummy_response.begin(), dummy_response.end());
+                error_code.store(0);
+            }
+            completion_event->Signal(system.Kernel());
+        });
+
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }
+
+    Result Prepare(InArray<char, BufferAttr_HipcMapAlias> in_path, InArray<char, BufferAttr_HipcMapAlias> in_post) {
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_NIM, "called");
+        if (!in_path.empty()) {
+            std::string url(in_path.data(), in_path.size());
+            LOG_INFO(Service_NIM, "Preparing request for URL: {}", url);
+        }
+        R_SUCCEED();
     }
 };
 
@@ -49,11 +152,13 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    void CreateAsyncInterface(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
-        LOG_WARNING(Service_NIM, "(STUBBED) called");
-        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
+    void CreateAsyncInterface(HLERequestContext& ctx) {LOG_DEBUG(Service_NIM, "called");
+        auto async_interface = std::make_shared<IShopServiceAsync>(system);
+
+        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IShopServiceAsync>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, async_interface->GetEvent());
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IShopServiceAsync>(ctx, std::move(async_interface));
     }
 };
 

src/core/hle/service/ssl/ssl.cpp

@@ -4,18 +4,6 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
-#include <mutex>
-
-#include <openssl/bio.h>
-#include <openssl/err.h>
-#include <openssl/ssl.h>
-#include <openssl/x509.h>
-#ifdef YUZU_BUNDLED_OPENSSL
-#include <openssl/cert.h>
-#endif
-
-#include "common/fs/file.h"
-#include "common/hex_util.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 
 #include "core/core.h"
@@ -34,377 +22,6 @@
 
 namespace Service::SSL {
 
-namespace {
-
-std::once_flag one_time_init_flag;
-bool one_time_init_success = false;
-SSL_CTX* ssl_ctx = nullptr;
-BIO_METHOD* bio_meth = nullptr;
-Common::FS::IOFile key_log_file; // only open if SSLKEYLOGFILE set in environment
-
-Result CheckOpenSSLErrors();
-void OneTimeInit();
-void OneTimeInitLogFile();
-bool OneTimeInitBIO();
-
-#ifdef YUZU_BUNDLED_OPENSSL
-// This is ported from httplib
-struct scope_exit {
-  explicit scope_exit(std::function<void(void)> &&f)
-      : exit_function(std::move(f)), execute_on_destruction{true} {}
-
-  scope_exit(scope_exit &&rhs) noexcept
-      : exit_function(std::move(rhs.exit_function)),
-        execute_on_destruction{rhs.execute_on_destruction} {
-    rhs.release();
-  }
-
-  ~scope_exit() {
-    if (execute_on_destruction) { this->exit_function(); }
-  }
-
-  void release() { this->execute_on_destruction = false; }
-
-private:
-  scope_exit(const scope_exit &) = delete;
-  void operator=(const scope_exit &) = delete;
-  scope_exit &operator=(scope_exit &&) = delete;
-
-  std::function<void(void)> exit_function;
-  bool execute_on_destruction;
-};
-
-inline X509_STORE *CreateCaCertStore(const char *ca_cert,
-                                                    std::size_t size) {
-    auto mem = BIO_new_mem_buf(ca_cert, static_cast<int>(size));
-    auto se = scope_exit([&] { BIO_free_all(mem); });
-    if (!mem) { return nullptr; }
-
-    auto inf = PEM_X509_INFO_read_bio(mem, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
-    if (!inf) { return nullptr; }
-
-    auto cts = X509_STORE_new();
-    if (cts) {
-        for (auto i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(sk_X509_INFO_num(inf)); i++) {
-            auto itmp = sk_X509_INFO_value(inf, i);
-            if (!itmp) { continue; }
-
-            if (itmp->x509) { X509_STORE_add_cert(cts, itmp->x509); }
-            if (itmp->crl) { X509_STORE_add_crl(cts, itmp->crl); }
-        }
-    }
-
-    sk_X509_INFO_pop_free(inf, X509_INFO_free);
-    return cts;
-}
-
-inline void SetCaCertStore(SSL_CTX *ctx, X509_STORE *ca_cert_store) {
-    if (ca_cert_store) {
-        if (ctx) {
-            if (SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(ctx) != ca_cert_store) {
-                // Free memory allocated for old cert and use new store `ca_cert_store`
-                SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(ctx, ca_cert_store);
-            }
-        } else {
-            X509_STORE_free(ca_cert_store);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-inline void LoadCaCertStore(SSL_CTX* ctx, const char* ca_cert, std::size_t size)
-{
-    SetCaCertStore(ctx, CreateCaCertStore(ca_cert, size));
-}
-#endif
-
-} // namespace
-
-class SSLConnectionBackend final {
-public:
-    Result Init() {
-        // on bundled OpenSSL, load ca cert store
-#ifdef YUZU_BUNDLED_OPENSSL
-        LoadCaCertStore(ssl_ctx, kCert, sizeof(kCert));
-#endif
-        std::call_once(one_time_init_flag, OneTimeInit);
-
-        if (!one_time_init_success) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Can't create SSL connection because OpenSSL one-time initialization failed");
-            return ResultInternalError;
-        }
-
-        ssl = SSL_new(ssl_ctx);
-        if (!ssl) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL_new failed");
-            return CheckOpenSSLErrors();
-        }
-        SSL_set_connect_state(ssl);
-        bio = BIO_new(bio_meth);
-        if (!bio) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "BIO_new failed");
-            return CheckOpenSSLErrors();
-        }
-        BIO_set_data(bio, this);
-        BIO_set_init(bio, 1);
-        SSL_set_bio(ssl, bio, bio);
-        return ResultSuccess;
-    }
-
-    Result SetHostName(const std::string& hostname) {
-        if (!skip_cert_verification) {
-            if (!SSL_set1_host(ssl, hostname.c_str())) {
-                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL_set1_host({}) failed", hostname);
-                return CheckOpenSSLErrors();
-            }
-        }
-        if (!SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ssl, hostname.c_str())) { // hostname for SNI
-            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL_set_tlsext_host_name({}) failed", hostname);
-            return CheckOpenSSLErrors();
-        }
-        return ResultSuccess;
-    }
-
-    void SetVerifyOption(u32 option) {
-        skip_cert_verification = (option == 0);
-        LOG_WARNING(Service_SSL, "option={} skip_verification={}", option,
-                    skip_cert_verification);
-        if (skip_cert_verification) {
-            SSL_set_verify(ssl, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, nullptr);
-            SSL_set1_host(ssl, nullptr);
-            SSL_set_hostflags(ssl, 0);
-        } else {
-            SSL_set_verify(ssl, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, nullptr);
-        }
-    }
-
-    Result DoHandshake() {
-        SSL_set_verify_result(ssl, X509_V_OK);
-        const int ret = SSL_do_handshake(ssl);
-
-        if (!skip_cert_verification) {
-            const long verify_result = SSL_get_verify_result(ssl);
-            if (verify_result != X509_V_OK) {
-                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL cert verification failed because: {}",
-                          X509_verify_cert_error_string(verify_result));
-                return CheckOpenSSLErrors();
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (ret <= 0) {
-            const int ssl_err = SSL_get_error(ssl, ret);
-            if (ssl_err == SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN ||
-                (ssl_err == SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL && got_read_eof)) {
-                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL handshake failed because server hung up");
-                return ResultInternalError;
-            }
-        }
-        return HandleReturn("SSL_do_handshake", 0, ret);
-    }
-
-    Result HandleReturn(const char* what, size_t* actual, int ret) {
-        const int ssl_err = SSL_get_error(ssl, ret);
-        CheckOpenSSLErrors();
-        switch (ssl_err) {
-        case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
-            return ResultSuccess;
-        case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
-            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "{} => SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN", what);
-            // DoHandshake special-cases this, but for Read and Write:
-            *actual = 0;
-            return ResultSuccess;
-        case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
-            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "{} => SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ", what);
-            return ResultWouldBlock;
-        case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
-            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "{} => SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE", what);
-            return ResultWouldBlock;
-        default:
-            if (ssl_err == SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL && got_read_eof) {
-                LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "{} => SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL because server hung up", what);
-                *actual = 0;
-                return ResultSuccess;
-            }
-            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "{} => other SSL_get_error return value {}", what, ssl_err);
-            return ResultInternalError;
-        }
-    }
-
-    ~SSLConnectionBackend() {
-        // this is null-tolerant:
-        SSL_free(ssl);
-    }
-
-    static void KeyLogCallback(const ::SSL* ssl, const char* line) {
-        std::string str(line);
-        str.push_back('\n');
-        // Do this in a single WriteString for atomicity if multiple instances
-        // are running on different threads (though that can't currently
-        // happen).
-        if (key_log_file.WriteString(str) != str.size() || !key_log_file.Flush()) {
-            LOG_CRITICAL(Service_SSL, "Failed to write to SSLKEYLOGFILE");
-        }
-        LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "Wrote to SSLKEYLOGFILE: {}", line);
-    }
-
-    static int WriteCallback(BIO* bio, const char* buf, size_t len, size_t* actual_p) {
-        auto self = static_cast<SSLConnectionBackend*>(BIO_get_data(bio));
-        ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
-            self->socket, { return 0; }, "OpenSSL asked to send but we have no socket");
-        BIO_clear_retry_flags(bio);
-        auto [actual, err] = self->socket->Send({reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(buf), len}, 0);
-        switch (err) {
-        case Network::Errno::SUCCESS:
-            *actual_p = actual;
-            return 1;
-        case Network::Errno::AGAIN:
-            BIO_set_flags(bio, BIO_FLAGS_WRITE | BIO_FLAGS_SHOULD_RETRY);
-            return 0;
-        default:
-            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Socket send returned Network::Errno {}", err);
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    static int ReadCallback(BIO* bio, char* buf, size_t len, size_t* actual_p) {
-        auto self = static_cast<SSLConnectionBackend*>(BIO_get_data(bio));
-        ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
-            self->socket, { return 0; }, "OpenSSL asked to recv but we have no socket");
-        BIO_clear_retry_flags(bio);
-        auto [actual, err] = self->socket->Recv(0, {reinterpret_cast<u8*>(buf), len});
-        switch (err) {
-        case Network::Errno::SUCCESS:
-            *actual_p = actual;
-            if (actual == 0) {
-                self->got_read_eof = true;
-            }
-            return actual ? 1 : 0;
-        case Network::Errno::AGAIN:
-            BIO_set_flags(bio, BIO_FLAGS_READ | BIO_FLAGS_SHOULD_RETRY);
-            return 0;
-        default:
-            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Socket recv returned Network::Errno {}", err);
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    static long CtrlCallback(BIO* bio, int cmd, long l_arg, void* p_arg) {
-        switch (cmd) {
-        case BIO_CTRL_FLUSH:
-            // Nothing to flush.
-            return 1;
-        case BIO_CTRL_PUSH:
-        case BIO_CTRL_POP:
-#ifdef BIO_CTRL_GET_KTLS_SEND
-        case BIO_CTRL_GET_KTLS_SEND:
-        case BIO_CTRL_GET_KTLS_RECV:
-#endif
-            // We don't support these operations, but don't bother logging them
-            // as they're nothing unusual.
-            return 0;
-        default:
-            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "OpenSSL BIO got ctrl({}, {}, {})", cmd, l_arg, p_arg);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    ::SSL* ssl = nullptr;
-    BIO* bio = nullptr;
-    bool got_read_eof = false;
-    bool skip_cert_verification = false;
-    std::shared_ptr<Network::SocketBase> socket;
-};
-
-namespace {
-
-Result CreateSSLConnectionBackend(std::unique_ptr<SSLConnectionBackend>* out_backend) {
-    auto conn = std::make_unique<SSLConnectionBackend>();
-    R_TRY(conn->Init());
-    *out_backend = std::move(conn);
-    return ResultSuccess;
-}
-
-Result CheckOpenSSLErrors() {
-    unsigned long rc;
-    const char* file;
-    int line;
-    const char* func;
-    const char* data;
-    int flags;
-#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x30000000L
-    while ((rc = ERR_get_error_all(&file, &line, &func, &data, &flags)))
-#else
-    // Can't get function names from OpenSSL on this version, so use mine:
-    func = __func__;
-    while ((rc = ERR_get_error_line_data(&file, &line, &data, &flags)))
-#endif
-    {
-        std::string msg;
-        msg.resize(1024, '\0');
-        ERR_error_string_n(rc, msg.data(), msg.size());
-        msg.resize(strlen(msg.data()), '\0');
-        if (flags & ERR_TXT_STRING) {
-            msg.append(" | ");
-            msg.append(data);
-        }
-        Common::Log::FmtLogMessage(Common::Log::Class::Service_SSL, Common::Log::Level::Error,
-                                   file, line, func, "OpenSSL: {}",
-                                   msg);
-    }
-    return ResultInternalError;
-}
-
-void OneTimeInit() {
-    ssl_ctx = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_client_method());
-    if (!ssl_ctx) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL_CTX_new failed");
-        CheckOpenSSLErrors();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    SSL_CTX_set_verify(ssl_ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, nullptr);
-
-    if (!SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths(ssl_ctx)) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths failed");
-        CheckOpenSSLErrors();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    OneTimeInitLogFile();
-
-    if (!OneTimeInitBIO()) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    one_time_init_success = true;
-}
-
-void OneTimeInitLogFile() {
-    const char* logfile = getenv("SSLKEYLOGFILE");
-    if (logfile) {
-        key_log_file.Open(logfile, Common::FS::FileAccessMode::Append, Common::FS::FileType::TextFile, Common::FS::FileShareFlag::ShareWriteOnly);
-        if (key_log_file.IsOpen()) {
-            SSL_CTX_set_keylog_callback(ssl_ctx, &SSLConnectionBackend::KeyLogCallback);
-        } else {
-            LOG_CRITICAL(Service_SSL, "SSLKEYLOGFILE was set but file could not be opened; not logging keys!");
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-bool OneTimeInitBIO() {
-    bio_meth =
-        BIO_meth_new(BIO_get_new_index() | BIO_TYPE_SOURCE_SINK, "SSLConnectionBackend");
-    if (!bio_meth ||
-        !BIO_meth_set_write_ex(bio_meth, &SSLConnectionBackend::WriteCallback) ||
-        !BIO_meth_set_read_ex(bio_meth, &SSLConnectionBackend::ReadCallback) ||
-        !BIO_meth_set_ctrl(bio_meth, &SSLConnectionBackend::CtrlCallback)) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Failed to create BIO_METHOD");
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-} // namespace
-
 // This is nn::ssl::sf::CertificateFormat
 enum class CertificateFormat : u32 {
     Pem = 1,
@@ -545,17 +162,20 @@ private:
 
         auto const res_v = bsd->DuplicateSocketImpl(fd);
         if (auto *res = std::get_if<s32>(&res_v)) {
-            const s32 dup_fd = *res;
-            *out_fd = do_not_close_socket ? dup_fd : -1;
-            if (!do_not_close_socket)
-                fd_to_close = dup_fd;
-            auto const sock = bsd->GetSocket(dup_fd);
+            const s32 duplicated_fd = *res;
+            if (do_not_close_socket) {
+                *out_fd = duplicated_fd;
+            } else {
+                *out_fd = -1;
+                fd_to_close = duplicated_fd;
+            }
+            std::optional<std::shared_ptr<Network::SocketBase>> sock = bsd->GetSocket(duplicated_fd);
             if (!sock.has_value()) {
-                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "invalid socket fd {} after duplication", dup_fd);
+                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "invalid socket fd {} after duplication", duplicated_fd);
                 return ResultInvalidSocket;
             }
             socket = std::move(*sock);
-            backend->socket = std::move(socket);
+            backend->SetSocket(socket);
             return ResultSuccess;
         }
         LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Failed to duplicate socket with fd {}", fd);
@@ -569,11 +189,11 @@ private:
     }
 
     Result SetVerifyOptionImpl(u32 option) {
-        LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "called. option={} (forcing 0)", option);
         ASSERT(!did_handshake);
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "called. option={} (forcing 0)", option);
         verify_option = 0;
         backend->SetVerifyOption(0);
-        R_SUCCEED();
+        return ResultSuccess;
     }
 
     Result SetIoModeImpl(u32 input_mode) {
@@ -586,13 +206,13 @@ private:
         if (error != Network::Errno::SUCCESS) {
             LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Failed to set native socket non-block flag to {}", non_block);
         }
-        R_SUCCEED();
+        return ResultSuccess;
     }
 
     Result SetSessionCacheModeImpl(u32 mode) {
         ASSERT(!did_handshake);
         LOG_WARNING(Service_SSL, "(STUBBED) called. value={}", mode);
-        R_SUCCEED();
+        return ResultSuccess;
     }
 
     Result DoHandshakeImpl() {
@@ -614,17 +234,19 @@ private:
         };
         if (!get_server_cert_chain) {
             // Just return the first one, unencoded.
-            ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(!certs.empty(), { return {}; }, "Should be at least one server cert");
+            ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
+                !certs.empty(), { return {}; }, "Should be at least one server cert");
             return certs[0];
         }
         std::vector<u8> ret;
-        Header header{0x4E4D684374726543, u32(certs.size()), 0};
+        Header header{0x4E4D684374726543, static_cast<u32>(certs.size()), 0};
         ret.insert(ret.end(), reinterpret_cast<u8*>(&header), reinterpret_cast<u8*>(&header + 1));
         size_t data_offset = sizeof(Header) + certs.size() * sizeof(EntryHeader);
         for (auto& cert : certs) {
-            EntryHeader entry_header{u32(cert.size()), u32(data_offset)};
+            EntryHeader entry_header{static_cast<u32>(cert.size()), static_cast<u32>(data_offset)};
             data_offset += cert.size();
-            ret.insert(ret.end(), reinterpret_cast<u8*>(&entry_header), reinterpret_cast<u8*>(&entry_header + 1));
+            ret.insert(ret.end(), reinterpret_cast<u8*>(&entry_header),
+                       reinterpret_cast<u8*>(&entry_header + 1));
         }
         for (auto& cert : certs) {
             ret.insert(ret.end(), cert.begin(), cert.end());
@@ -635,8 +257,7 @@ private:
     Result ReadImpl(std::vector<u8>* out_data) {
         ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(did_handshake, { return ResultInternalError; });
         size_t actual_size{};
-        const int ret = SSL_read_ex(backend->ssl, out_data->data(), out_data->size(), &actual_size);
-        Result res = backend->HandleReturn("SSL_read_ex", &actual_size, ret);
+        Result res = backend->Read(&actual_size, *out_data);
         if (res != ResultSuccess) {
             return res;
         }
@@ -646,13 +267,12 @@ private:
 
     Result WriteImpl(size_t* out_size, std::span<const u8> data) {
         ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(did_handshake, { return ResultInternalError; });
-        const int ret = SSL_write_ex(backend->ssl, data.data(), data.size(), out_size);
-        return backend->HandleReturn("SSL_write_ex", out_size, ret);
+        return backend->Write(out_size, data);
     }
 
     Result PendingImpl(s32* out_pending) {
         LOG_WARNING(Service_SSL, "(STUBBED) called.");
-        *out_pending = SSL_pending(backend->ssl);
+        *out_pending = 0;
         return ResultSuccess;
     }
 
@@ -706,39 +326,24 @@ private:
         OutputParameters out{};
         if (res == ResultSuccess) {
             std::vector<std::vector<u8>> certs;
-            STACK_OF(X509)* chain = SSL_get_peer_cert_chain(backend->ssl);
-            if (chain) {
-                int count = sk_X509_num(chain);
-                ASSERT(count >= 0);
-                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-                    X509* x509 = sk_X509_value(chain, i);
-                    ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(x509 != nullptr, { continue; });
-                    unsigned char* buf = nullptr;
-                    int len = i2d_X509(x509, &buf);
-                    ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(len >= 0 && buf, { continue; });
-                    certs.emplace_back(buf, buf + len);
-                    OPENSSL_free(buf);
-                }
-
-                // succeed!
+            res = backend->GetServerCerts(&certs);
+            if (res == ResultSuccess) {
                 const std::vector<u8> certs_buf = SerializeServerCerts(certs);
                 if (ctx.CanWriteBuffer()) {
                     const size_t buffer_size = ctx.GetWriteBufferSize();
                     if (certs_buf.size() <= buffer_size) {
                         ctx.WriteBuffer(certs_buf);
                     } else {
-                        LOG_WARNING(Service_SSL, "Certificate buffer too small: {} bytes needed, {} bytes available", certs_buf.size(), buffer_size);
+                        LOG_WARNING(Service_SSL, "Certificate buffer too small: {} bytes needed, {} bytes available",
+                                    certs_buf.size(), buffer_size);
                         ctx.WriteBuffer(std::span<const u8>(certs_buf.data(), buffer_size));
                     }
                 } else {
                     LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "No output buffer provided for certificates ({} bytes)", certs_buf.size());
                 }
 
-                out.certs_count = u32(certs.size());
-                out.certs_size = u32(certs_buf.size());
-            } else {
-                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL_get_peer_cert_chain returned nullptr");
-                res = ResultInternalError;
+                out.certs_count = static_cast<u32>(certs.size());
+                out.certs_size = static_cast<u32>(certs_buf.size());
             }
         }
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 4};

src/core/hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend.h

@@ -32,4 +32,18 @@ constexpr Result ResultInternalError{ErrorModule::SSLSrv, 999}; // made up
 // polling for read (with a timeout).
 constexpr Result ResultWouldBlock{ErrorModule::SSLSrv, 204};
 
+class SSLConnectionBackend {
+public:
+    virtual ~SSLConnectionBackend() {}
+    virtual void SetSocket(std::shared_ptr<Network::SocketBase> socket) = 0;
+    virtual Result SetHostName(const std::string& hostname) = 0;
+    virtual void SetVerifyOption(u32 option) = 0;
+    virtual Result DoHandshake() = 0;
+    virtual Result Read(size_t* out_size, std::span<u8> data) = 0;
+    virtual Result Write(size_t* out_size, std::span<const u8> data) = 0;
+    virtual Result GetServerCerts(std::vector<std::vector<u8>>* out_certs) = 0;
+};
+
+Result CreateSSLConnectionBackend(std::unique_ptr<SSLConnectionBackend>* out_backend);
+
 } // namespace Service::SSL

src/core/hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend_none.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/logging.h"
+
+#include "core/hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend.h"
+
+namespace Service::SSL {
+
+Result CreateSSLConnectionBackend(std::unique_ptr<SSLConnectionBackend>* out_backend) {
+    LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL,
+              "Can't create SSL connection because no SSL backend is available on this platform");
+    return ResultInternalError;
+}
+
+} // namespace Service::SSL

src/core/hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend_openssl.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <openssl/bio.h>
+#include <openssl/err.h>
+#include <openssl/ssl.h>
+#include <openssl/x509.h>
+
+#include "common/fs/file.h"
+#include "common/hex_util.h"
+#include "common/string_util.h"
+
+#include "core/hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend.h"
+#include "core/internal_network/network.h"
+#include "core/internal_network/sockets.h"
+
+#ifdef YUZU_BUNDLED_OPENSSL
+#include <openssl/cert.h>
+#endif
+
+using namespace Common::FS;
+
+namespace Service::SSL {
+
+// Import OpenSSL's `SSL` type into the namespace.  This is needed because the
+// namespace is also named `SSL`.
+using ::SSL;
+
+namespace {
+
+std::once_flag one_time_init_flag;
+bool one_time_init_success = false;
+
+SSL_CTX* ssl_ctx;
+IOFile key_log_file; // only open if SSLKEYLOGFILE set in environment
+BIO_METHOD* bio_meth;
+
+Result CheckOpenSSLErrors();
+void OneTimeInit();
+void OneTimeInitLogFile();
+bool OneTimeInitBIO();
+
+#ifdef YUZU_BUNDLED_OPENSSL
+// This is ported from httplib
+struct scope_exit {
+  explicit scope_exit(std::function<void(void)> &&f)
+      : exit_function(std::move(f)), execute_on_destruction{true} {}
+
+  scope_exit(scope_exit &&rhs) noexcept
+      : exit_function(std::move(rhs.exit_function)),
+        execute_on_destruction{rhs.execute_on_destruction} {
+    rhs.release();
+  }
+
+  ~scope_exit() {
+    if (execute_on_destruction) { this->exit_function(); }
+  }
+
+  void release() { this->execute_on_destruction = false; }
+
+private:
+  scope_exit(const scope_exit &) = delete;
+  void operator=(const scope_exit &) = delete;
+  scope_exit &operator=(scope_exit &&) = delete;
+
+  std::function<void(void)> exit_function;
+  bool execute_on_destruction;
+};
+
+inline X509_STORE *CreateCaCertStore(const char *ca_cert,
+                                                    std::size_t size) {
+    auto mem = BIO_new_mem_buf(ca_cert, static_cast<int>(size));
+    auto se = scope_exit([&] { BIO_free_all(mem); });
+    if (!mem) { return nullptr; }
+
+    auto inf = PEM_X509_INFO_read_bio(mem, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (!inf) { return nullptr; }
+
+    auto cts = X509_STORE_new();
+    if (cts) {
+        for (auto i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(sk_X509_INFO_num(inf)); i++) {
+            auto itmp = sk_X509_INFO_value(inf, i);
+            if (!itmp) { continue; }
+
+            if (itmp->x509) { X509_STORE_add_cert(cts, itmp->x509); }
+            if (itmp->crl) { X509_STORE_add_crl(cts, itmp->crl); }
+        }
+    }
+
+    sk_X509_INFO_pop_free(inf, X509_INFO_free);
+    return cts;
+}
+
+inline void SetCaCertStore(SSL_CTX *ctx, X509_STORE *ca_cert_store) {
+    if (ca_cert_store) {
+        if (ctx) {
+            if (SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(ctx) != ca_cert_store) {
+                // Free memory allocated for old cert and use new store `ca_cert_store`
+                SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(ctx, ca_cert_store);
+            }
+        } else {
+            X509_STORE_free(ca_cert_store);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline void LoadCaCertStore(SSL_CTX* ctx, const char* ca_cert, std::size_t size)
+{
+    SetCaCertStore(ctx, CreateCaCertStore(ca_cert, size));
+}
+#endif
+
+} // namespace
+
+class SSLConnectionBackendOpenSSL final : public SSLConnectionBackend {
+public:
+    Result Init() {
+        // on bundled OpenSSL, load ca cert store
+#ifdef YUZU_BUNDLED_OPENSSL
+        LoadCaCertStore(ssl_ctx, kCert, sizeof(kCert));
+#endif
+        std::call_once(one_time_init_flag, OneTimeInit);
+
+        if (!one_time_init_success) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL,
+                      "Can't create SSL connection because OpenSSL one-time initialization failed");
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+
+        ssl = SSL_new(ssl_ctx);
+        if (!ssl) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL_new failed");
+            return CheckOpenSSLErrors();
+        }
+
+        SSL_set_connect_state(ssl);
+
+        bio = BIO_new(bio_meth);
+        if (!bio) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "BIO_new failed");
+            return CheckOpenSSLErrors();
+        }
+
+        BIO_set_data(bio, this);
+        BIO_set_init(bio, 1);
+        SSL_set_bio(ssl, bio, bio);
+
+        return ResultSuccess;
+    }
+
+    void SetSocket(std::shared_ptr<Network::SocketBase> socket_in) override {
+        socket = std::move(socket_in);
+    }
+
+    Result SetHostName(const std::string& hostname) override {
+        if (!skip_cert_verification) {
+            if (!SSL_set1_host(ssl, hostname.c_str())) {
+                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL_set1_host({}) failed", hostname);
+                return CheckOpenSSLErrors();
+            }
+        }
+        if (!SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ssl, hostname.c_str())) { // hostname for SNI
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL_set_tlsext_host_name({}) failed", hostname);
+            return CheckOpenSSLErrors();
+        }
+        return ResultSuccess;
+    }
+
+    void SetVerifyOption(u32 option) override {
+        skip_cert_verification = (option == 0);
+        LOG_WARNING(Service_SSL, "option={} skip_verification={}", option,
+                    skip_cert_verification);
+        if (skip_cert_verification) {
+            SSL_set_verify(ssl, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, nullptr);
+            SSL_set1_host(ssl, nullptr);
+            SSL_set_hostflags(ssl, 0);
+        } else {
+            SSL_set_verify(ssl, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, nullptr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Result DoHandshake() override {
+        SSL_set_verify_result(ssl, X509_V_OK);
+        const int ret = SSL_do_handshake(ssl);
+
+        if (!skip_cert_verification) {
+            const long verify_result = SSL_get_verify_result(ssl);
+            if (verify_result != X509_V_OK) {
+                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL cert verification failed because: {}",
+                          X509_verify_cert_error_string(verify_result));
+                return CheckOpenSSLErrors();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (ret <= 0) {
+            const int ssl_err = SSL_get_error(ssl, ret);
+            if (ssl_err == SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN ||
+                (ssl_err == SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL && got_read_eof)) {
+                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL handshake failed because server hung up");
+                return ResultInternalError;
+            }
+        }
+        return HandleReturn("SSL_do_handshake", 0, ret);
+    }
+
+    Result Read(size_t* out_size, std::span<u8> data) override {
+        const int ret = SSL_read_ex(ssl, data.data(), data.size(), out_size);
+        return HandleReturn("SSL_read_ex", out_size, ret);
+    }
+
+    Result Write(size_t* out_size, std::span<const u8> data) override {
+        const int ret = SSL_write_ex(ssl, data.data(), data.size(), out_size);
+        return HandleReturn("SSL_write_ex", out_size, ret);
+    }
+
+    Result HandleReturn(const char* what, size_t* actual, int ret) {
+        const int ssl_err = SSL_get_error(ssl, ret);
+        CheckOpenSSLErrors();
+        switch (ssl_err) {
+        case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
+            return ResultSuccess;
+        case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
+            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "{} => SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN", what);
+            // DoHandshake special-cases this, but for Read and Write:
+            *actual = 0;
+            return ResultSuccess;
+        case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "{} => SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ", what);
+            return ResultWouldBlock;
+        case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
+            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "{} => SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE", what);
+            return ResultWouldBlock;
+        default:
+            if (ssl_err == SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL && got_read_eof) {
+                LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "{} => SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL because server hung up", what);
+                *actual = 0;
+                return ResultSuccess;
+            }
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "{} => other SSL_get_error return value {}", what, ssl_err);
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Result GetServerCerts(std::vector<std::vector<u8>>* out_certs) override {
+        STACK_OF(X509)* chain = SSL_get_peer_cert_chain(ssl);
+        if (!chain) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL_get_peer_cert_chain returned nullptr");
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+        int count = sk_X509_num(chain);
+        ASSERT(count >= 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            X509* x509 = sk_X509_value(chain, i);
+            ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(x509 != nullptr, { continue; });
+            unsigned char* buf = nullptr;
+            int len = i2d_X509(x509, &buf);
+            ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(len >= 0 && buf, { continue; });
+            out_certs->emplace_back(buf, buf + len);
+            OPENSSL_free(buf);
+        }
+        return ResultSuccess;
+    }
+
+    ~SSLConnectionBackendOpenSSL() {
+        // this is null-tolerant:
+        SSL_free(ssl);
+    }
+
+    static void KeyLogCallback(const SSL* ssl, const char* line) {
+        std::string str(line);
+        str.push_back('\n');
+        // Do this in a single WriteString for atomicity if multiple instances
+        // are running on different threads (though that can't currently
+        // happen).
+        if (key_log_file.WriteString(str) != str.size() || !key_log_file.Flush()) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Service_SSL, "Failed to write to SSLKEYLOGFILE");
+        }
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "Wrote to SSLKEYLOGFILE: {}", line);
+    }
+
+    static int WriteCallback(BIO* bio, const char* buf, size_t len, size_t* actual_p) {
+        auto self = static_cast<SSLConnectionBackendOpenSSL*>(BIO_get_data(bio));
+        ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
+            self->socket, { return 0; }, "OpenSSL asked to send but we have no socket");
+        BIO_clear_retry_flags(bio);
+        auto [actual, err] = self->socket->Send({reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(buf), len}, 0);
+        switch (err) {
+        case Network::Errno::SUCCESS:
+            *actual_p = actual;
+            return 1;
+        case Network::Errno::AGAIN:
+            BIO_set_flags(bio, BIO_FLAGS_WRITE | BIO_FLAGS_SHOULD_RETRY);
+            return 0;
+        default:
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Socket send returned Network::Errno {}", err);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static int ReadCallback(BIO* bio, char* buf, size_t len, size_t* actual_p) {
+        auto self = static_cast<SSLConnectionBackendOpenSSL*>(BIO_get_data(bio));
+        ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
+            self->socket, { return 0; }, "OpenSSL asked to recv but we have no socket");
+        BIO_clear_retry_flags(bio);
+        auto [actual, err] = self->socket->Recv(0, {reinterpret_cast<u8*>(buf), len});
+        switch (err) {
+        case Network::Errno::SUCCESS:
+            *actual_p = actual;
+            if (actual == 0) {
+                self->got_read_eof = true;
+            }
+            return actual ? 1 : 0;
+        case Network::Errno::AGAIN:
+            BIO_set_flags(bio, BIO_FLAGS_READ | BIO_FLAGS_SHOULD_RETRY);
+            return 0;
+        default:
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Socket recv returned Network::Errno {}", err);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static long CtrlCallback(BIO* bio, int cmd, long l_arg, void* p_arg) {
+        switch (cmd) {
+        case BIO_CTRL_FLUSH:
+            // Nothing to flush.
+            return 1;
+        case BIO_CTRL_PUSH:
+        case BIO_CTRL_POP:
+#ifdef BIO_CTRL_GET_KTLS_SEND
+        case BIO_CTRL_GET_KTLS_SEND:
+        case BIO_CTRL_GET_KTLS_RECV:
+#endif
+            // We don't support these operations, but don't bother logging them
+            // as they're nothing unusual.
+            return 0;
+        default:
+            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "OpenSSL BIO got ctrl({}, {}, {})", cmd, l_arg, p_arg);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    SSL* ssl = nullptr;
+    BIO* bio = nullptr;
+    bool got_read_eof = false;
+    bool skip_cert_verification = false;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Network::SocketBase> socket;
+};
+
+Result CreateSSLConnectionBackend(std::unique_ptr<SSLConnectionBackend>* out_backend) {
+    auto conn = std::make_unique<SSLConnectionBackendOpenSSL>();
+
+    R_TRY(conn->Init());
+
+    *out_backend = std::move(conn);
+    return ResultSuccess;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+Result CheckOpenSSLErrors() {
+    unsigned long rc;
+    const char* file;
+    int line;
+    const char* func;
+    const char* data;
+    int flags;
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x30000000L
+    while ((rc = ERR_get_error_all(&file, &line, &func, &data, &flags)))
+#else
+    // Can't get function names from OpenSSL on this version, so use mine:
+    func = __func__;
+    while ((rc = ERR_get_error_line_data(&file, &line, &data, &flags)))
+#endif
+    {
+        std::string msg;
+        msg.resize(1024, '\0');
+        ERR_error_string_n(rc, msg.data(), msg.size());
+        msg.resize(strlen(msg.data()), '\0');
+        if (flags & ERR_TXT_STRING) {
+            msg.append(" | ");
+            msg.append(data);
+        }
+        Common::Log::FmtLogMessage(Common::Log::Class::Service_SSL, Common::Log::Level::Error,
+                                   file, line, func, "OpenSSL: {}",
+                                   msg);
+    }
+    return ResultInternalError;
+}
+
+void OneTimeInit() {
+    ssl_ctx = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_client_method());
+    if (!ssl_ctx) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL_CTX_new failed");
+        CheckOpenSSLErrors();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    SSL_CTX_set_verify(ssl_ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, nullptr);
+
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths(ssl_ctx)) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths failed");
+        CheckOpenSSLErrors();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    OneTimeInitLogFile();
+
+    if (!OneTimeInitBIO()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    one_time_init_success = true;
+}
+
+void OneTimeInitLogFile() {
+    const char* logfile = getenv("SSLKEYLOGFILE");
+    if (logfile) {
+        key_log_file.Open(logfile, FileAccessMode::Append, FileType::TextFile,
+                          FileShareFlag::ShareWriteOnly);
+        if (key_log_file.IsOpen()) {
+            SSL_CTX_set_keylog_callback(ssl_ctx, &SSLConnectionBackendOpenSSL::KeyLogCallback);
+        } else {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Service_SSL,
+                         "SSLKEYLOGFILE was set but file could not be opened; not logging keys!");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool OneTimeInitBIO() {
+    bio_meth =
+        BIO_meth_new(BIO_get_new_index() | BIO_TYPE_SOURCE_SINK, "SSLConnectionBackendOpenSSL");
+    if (!bio_meth ||
+        !BIO_meth_set_write_ex(bio_meth, &SSLConnectionBackendOpenSSL::WriteCallback) ||
+        !BIO_meth_set_read_ex(bio_meth, &SSLConnectionBackendOpenSSL::ReadCallback) ||
+        !BIO_meth_set_ctrl(bio_meth, &SSLConnectionBackendOpenSSL::CtrlCallback)) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Failed to create BIO_METHOD");
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace Service::SSL

src/core/hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend_schannel.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "common/error.h"
+#include "common/fs/file.h"
+#include "common/hex_util.h"
+#include "common/string_util.h"
+
+#include "core/hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend.h"
+#include "core/internal_network/network.h"
+#include "core/internal_network/sockets.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+// These includes are inside the namespace to avoid a conflict on MinGW where
+// the headers define an enum containing Network and Service as enumerators
+// (which clash with the correspondingly named namespaces).
+#define SECURITY_WIN32
+#include <schnlsp.h>
+#include <security.h>
+#include <wincrypt.h>
+
+std::once_flag one_time_init_flag;
+bool one_time_init_success = false;
+
+SCHANNEL_CRED schannel_cred{};
+CredHandle cred_handle;
+
+static void OneTimeInit() {
+    schannel_cred.dwVersion = SCHANNEL_CRED_VERSION;
+    schannel_cred.dwFlags =
+        SCH_USE_STRONG_CRYPTO |        // don't allow insecure protocols
+        SCH_CRED_NO_SERVERNAME_CHECK | // don't validate server names
+        SCH_CRED_NO_DEFAULT_CREDS;     // don't automatically present a client certificate
+    // ^ I'm assuming that nobody would want to connect Yuzu to a
+    // service that requires some OS-provided corporate client
+    // certificate, and presenting one to some arbitrary server
+    // might be a privacy concern?  Who knows, though.
+
+    const SECURITY_STATUS ret =
+        AcquireCredentialsHandle(nullptr, const_cast<LPTSTR>(UNISP_NAME), SECPKG_CRED_OUTBOUND,
+                                 nullptr, &schannel_cred, nullptr, nullptr, &cred_handle, nullptr);
+    if (ret != SEC_E_OK) {
+        // SECURITY_STATUS codes are a type of HRESULT and can be used with NativeErrorToString.
+        LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "AcquireCredentialsHandle failed: {}",
+                  Common::NativeErrorToString(ret));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (getenv("SSLKEYLOGFILE")) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Service_SSL, "SSLKEYLOGFILE was set but Schannel does not support exporting "
+                                  "keys; not logging keys!");
+        // Not fatal.
+    }
+
+    one_time_init_success = true;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+namespace Service::SSL {
+
+class SSLConnectionBackendSchannel final : public SSLConnectionBackend {
+public:
+    Result Init() {
+        std::call_once(one_time_init_flag, OneTimeInit);
+
+        if (!one_time_init_success) {
+            LOG_ERROR(
+                Service_SSL,
+                "Can't create SSL connection because Schannel one-time initialization failed");
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+
+        return ResultSuccess;
+    }
+
+    void SetSocket(std::shared_ptr<Network::SocketBase> socket_in) override {
+        socket = std::move(socket_in);
+    }
+
+    Result SetHostName(const std::string& hostname_in) override {
+        hostname = hostname_in;
+        return ResultSuccess;
+    }
+
+    void SetVerifyOption(u32 option) override {
+        skip_cert_verification = (option == 0);
+        LOG_WARNING(Service_SSL, "option={} skip_verification={}", option,
+                    skip_cert_verification);
+    }
+
+    Result DoHandshake() override {
+        while (1) {
+            Result r;
+            switch (handshake_state) {
+            case HandshakeState::Initial:
+                if ((r = FlushCiphertextWriteBuf()) != ResultSuccess ||
+                    (r = CallInitializeSecurityContext()) != ResultSuccess) {
+                    return r;
+                }
+                // CallInitializeSecurityContext updated `handshake_state`.
+                continue;
+            case HandshakeState::ContinueNeeded:
+            case HandshakeState::IncompleteMessage:
+                if ((r = FlushCiphertextWriteBuf()) != ResultSuccess ||
+                    (r = FillCiphertextReadBuf()) != ResultSuccess) {
+                    return r;
+                }
+                if (ciphertext_read_buf.empty()) {
+                    LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSL handshake failed because server hung up");
+                    return ResultInternalError;
+                }
+                if ((r = CallInitializeSecurityContext()) != ResultSuccess) {
+                    return r;
+                }
+                // CallInitializeSecurityContext updated `handshake_state`.
+                continue;
+            case HandshakeState::DoneAfterFlush:
+                if ((r = FlushCiphertextWriteBuf()) != ResultSuccess) {
+                    return r;
+                }
+                handshake_state = HandshakeState::Connected;
+                return ResultSuccess;
+            case HandshakeState::Connected:
+                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Called DoHandshake but we already handshook");
+                return ResultInternalError;
+            case HandshakeState::Error:
+                return ResultInternalError;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Result FillCiphertextReadBuf() {
+        const size_t fill_size = read_buf_fill_size ? read_buf_fill_size : 4096;
+        read_buf_fill_size = 0;
+        // This unnecessarily zeroes the buffer; oh well.
+        const size_t offset = ciphertext_read_buf.size();
+        ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(offset + fill_size >= offset, { return ResultInternalError; });
+        ciphertext_read_buf.resize(offset + fill_size, 0);
+        const auto read_span = std::span(ciphertext_read_buf).subspan(offset, fill_size);
+        const auto [actual, err] = socket->Recv(0, read_span);
+        switch (err) {
+        case Network::Errno::SUCCESS:
+            ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(actual) <= fill_size);
+            ciphertext_read_buf.resize(offset + actual);
+            return ResultSuccess;
+        case Network::Errno::AGAIN:
+            ciphertext_read_buf.resize(offset);
+            return ResultWouldBlock;
+        default:
+            ciphertext_read_buf.resize(offset);
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Socket recv returned Network::Errno {}", err);
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Returns success if the write buffer has been completely emptied.
+    Result FlushCiphertextWriteBuf() {
+        while (!ciphertext_write_buf.empty()) {
+            const auto [actual, err] = socket->Send(ciphertext_write_buf, 0);
+            switch (err) {
+            case Network::Errno::SUCCESS:
+                ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(actual) <= ciphertext_write_buf.size());
+                ciphertext_write_buf.erase(ciphertext_write_buf.begin(),
+                                           ciphertext_write_buf.begin() + actual);
+                break;
+            case Network::Errno::AGAIN:
+                return ResultWouldBlock;
+            default:
+                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Socket send returned Network::Errno {}", err);
+                return ResultInternalError;
+            }
+        }
+        return ResultSuccess;
+    }
+
+    Result CallInitializeSecurityContext() {
+        unsigned long req = ISC_REQ_ALLOCATE_MEMORY | ISC_REQ_CONFIDENTIALITY |
+                            ISC_REQ_INTEGRITY | ISC_REQ_REPLAY_DETECT |
+                            ISC_REQ_SEQUENCE_DETECT | ISC_REQ_STREAM |
+                            ISC_REQ_USE_SUPPLIED_CREDS;
+
+        if (skip_cert_verification) {
+            req |= ISC_REQ_MANUAL_CRED_VALIDATION;
+        }
+
+        unsigned long attr;
+        // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/secauthn/initializesecuritycontext--schannel
+        std::array<SecBuffer, 2> input_buffers{{
+            // only used if `initial_call_done`
+            {
+                // [0]
+                .cbBuffer = static_cast<unsigned long>(ciphertext_read_buf.size()),
+                .BufferType = SECBUFFER_TOKEN,
+                .pvBuffer = ciphertext_read_buf.data(),
+            },
+            {
+                // [1] (will be replaced by SECBUFFER_MISSING when SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE is
+                //     returned, or SECBUFFER_EXTRA when SEC_E_CONTINUE_NEEDED is returned if the
+                //     whole buffer wasn't used)
+                .cbBuffer = 0,
+                .BufferType = SECBUFFER_EMPTY,
+                .pvBuffer = nullptr,
+            },
+        }};
+        std::array<SecBuffer, 2> output_buffers{{
+            {
+                .cbBuffer = 0,
+                .BufferType = SECBUFFER_TOKEN,
+                .pvBuffer = nullptr,
+            }, // [0]
+            {
+                .cbBuffer = 0,
+                .BufferType = SECBUFFER_ALERT,
+                .pvBuffer = nullptr,
+            }, // [1]
+        }};
+        SecBufferDesc input_desc{
+            .ulVersion = SECBUFFER_VERSION,
+            .cBuffers = static_cast<unsigned long>(input_buffers.size()),
+            .pBuffers = input_buffers.data(),
+        };
+        SecBufferDesc output_desc{
+            .ulVersion = SECBUFFER_VERSION,
+            .cBuffers = static_cast<unsigned long>(output_buffers.size()),
+            .pBuffers = output_buffers.data(),
+        };
+        ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
+            input_buffers[0].cbBuffer == ciphertext_read_buf.size(),
+            { return ResultInternalError; }, "read buffer too large");
+
+        bool initial_call_done = handshake_state != HandshakeState::Initial;
+        if (initial_call_done) {
+            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "Passing {} bytes into InitializeSecurityContext",
+                      ciphertext_read_buf.size());
+        }
+
+        char* hostname_ptr = hostname ? const_cast<char*>(hostname->c_str()) : nullptr;
+        const SECURITY_STATUS ret = InitializeSecurityContextA(
+            &cred_handle, initial_call_done ? &ctxt : nullptr, hostname_ptr, req,
+            0, // Reserved1
+            0, // TargetDataRep not used with Schannel
+            initial_call_done ? &input_desc : nullptr,
+            0, // Reserved2
+            initial_call_done ? nullptr : &ctxt, &output_desc, &attr,
+            nullptr); // ptsExpiry
+
+        if (output_buffers[0].pvBuffer) {
+            const std::span span(static_cast<u8*>(output_buffers[0].pvBuffer),
+                                 output_buffers[0].cbBuffer);
+            ciphertext_write_buf.insert(ciphertext_write_buf.end(), span.begin(), span.end());
+            FreeContextBuffer(output_buffers[0].pvBuffer);
+        }
+
+        if (output_buffers[1].pvBuffer) {
+            const std::span span(static_cast<u8*>(output_buffers[1].pvBuffer),
+                                 output_buffers[1].cbBuffer);
+            // The documentation doesn't explain what format this data is in.
+            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "Got a {}-byte alert buffer: {}", span.size(),
+                      Common::HexToString(span));
+        }
+
+        switch (ret) {
+        case SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED:
+            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "InitializeSecurityContext => SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED");
+            if (input_buffers[1].BufferType == SECBUFFER_EXTRA) {
+                LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "EXTRA of size {}", input_buffers[1].cbBuffer);
+                ASSERT(input_buffers[1].cbBuffer <= ciphertext_read_buf.size());
+                ciphertext_read_buf.erase(ciphertext_read_buf.begin(),
+                                          ciphertext_read_buf.end() - input_buffers[1].cbBuffer);
+            } else {
+                ASSERT(input_buffers[1].BufferType == SECBUFFER_EMPTY);
+                ciphertext_read_buf.clear();
+            }
+            handshake_state = HandshakeState::ContinueNeeded;
+            return ResultSuccess;
+        case SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE:
+            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "InitializeSecurityContext => SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE");
+            ASSERT(input_buffers[1].BufferType == SECBUFFER_MISSING);
+            read_buf_fill_size = input_buffers[1].cbBuffer;
+            handshake_state = HandshakeState::IncompleteMessage;
+            return ResultSuccess;
+        case SEC_E_OK:
+            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "InitializeSecurityContext => SEC_E_OK");
+            ciphertext_read_buf.clear();
+            handshake_state = HandshakeState::DoneAfterFlush;
+            return GrabStreamSizes();
+        default:
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL,
+                      "InitializeSecurityContext failed (probably certificate/protocol issue): {}",
+                      Common::NativeErrorToString(ret));
+            handshake_state = HandshakeState::Error;
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Result GrabStreamSizes() {
+        const SECURITY_STATUS ret =
+            QueryContextAttributes(&ctxt, SECPKG_ATTR_STREAM_SIZES, &stream_sizes);
+        if (ret != SEC_E_OK) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "QueryContextAttributes(SECPKG_ATTR_STREAM_SIZES) failed: {}",
+                      Common::NativeErrorToString(ret));
+            handshake_state = HandshakeState::Error;
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+        return ResultSuccess;
+    }
+
+    Result Read(size_t* out_size, std::span<u8> data) override {
+        *out_size = 0;
+        if (handshake_state != HandshakeState::Connected) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Called Read but we did not successfully handshake");
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+        if (data.size() == 0 || got_read_eof) {
+            return ResultSuccess;
+        }
+        while (1) {
+            if (!cleartext_read_buf.empty()) {
+                *out_size = (std::min)(cleartext_read_buf.size(), data.size());
+                std::memcpy(data.data(), cleartext_read_buf.data(), *out_size);
+                cleartext_read_buf.erase(cleartext_read_buf.begin(),
+                                         cleartext_read_buf.begin() + *out_size);
+                return ResultSuccess;
+            }
+            if (!ciphertext_read_buf.empty()) {
+                SecBuffer empty{
+                    .cbBuffer = 0,
+                    .BufferType = SECBUFFER_EMPTY,
+                    .pvBuffer = nullptr,
+                };
+                std::array<SecBuffer, 5> buffers{{
+                    {
+                        .cbBuffer = static_cast<unsigned long>(ciphertext_read_buf.size()),
+                        .BufferType = SECBUFFER_DATA,
+                        .pvBuffer = ciphertext_read_buf.data(),
+                    },
+                    empty,
+                    empty,
+                    empty,
+                }};
+                ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
+                    buffers[0].cbBuffer == ciphertext_read_buf.size(),
+                    { return ResultInternalError; }, "read buffer too large");
+                SecBufferDesc desc{
+                    .ulVersion = SECBUFFER_VERSION,
+                    .cBuffers = static_cast<unsigned long>(buffers.size()),
+                    .pBuffers = buffers.data(),
+                };
+                SECURITY_STATUS ret =
+                    DecryptMessage(&ctxt, &desc, /*MessageSeqNo*/ 0, /*pfQOP*/ nullptr);
+                switch (ret) {
+                case SEC_E_OK:
+                    ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(buffers[0].BufferType == SECBUFFER_STREAM_HEADER,
+                                      { return ResultInternalError; });
+                    ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(buffers[1].BufferType == SECBUFFER_DATA,
+                                      { return ResultInternalError; });
+                    ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(buffers[2].BufferType == SECBUFFER_STREAM_TRAILER,
+                                      { return ResultInternalError; });
+                    cleartext_read_buf.assign(static_cast<u8*>(buffers[1].pvBuffer),
+                                              static_cast<u8*>(buffers[1].pvBuffer) +
+                                                  buffers[1].cbBuffer);
+                    if (buffers[3].BufferType == SECBUFFER_EXTRA) {
+                        ASSERT(buffers[3].cbBuffer <= ciphertext_read_buf.size());
+                        ciphertext_read_buf.erase(ciphertext_read_buf.begin(),
+                                                  ciphertext_read_buf.end() - buffers[3].cbBuffer);
+                    } else {
+                        ASSERT(buffers[3].BufferType == SECBUFFER_EMPTY);
+                        ciphertext_read_buf.clear();
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                case SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE:
+                    break;
+                case SEC_I_CONTEXT_EXPIRED:
+                    // Server hung up by sending close_notify.
+                    got_read_eof = true;
+                    *out_size = 0;
+                    return ResultSuccess;
+                default:
+                    LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "DecryptMessage failed: {}",
+                              Common::NativeErrorToString(ret));
+                    return ResultInternalError;
+                }
+            }
+            const Result r = FillCiphertextReadBuf();
+            if (r != ResultSuccess) {
+                return r;
+            }
+            if (ciphertext_read_buf.empty()) {
+                got_read_eof = true;
+                *out_size = 0;
+                return ResultSuccess;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Result Write(size_t* out_size, std::span<const u8> data) override {
+        *out_size = 0;
+
+        if (handshake_state != HandshakeState::Connected) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Called Write but we did not successfully handshake");
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+        if (data.size() == 0) {
+            return ResultSuccess;
+        }
+        data = data.subspan(0, std::min<size_t>(data.size(), stream_sizes.cbMaximumMessage));
+        if (!cleartext_write_buf.empty()) {
+            // Already in the middle of a write.  It wouldn't make sense to not
+            // finish sending the entire buffer since TLS has
+            // header/MAC/padding/etc.
+            if (data.size() != cleartext_write_buf.size() ||
+                std::memcmp(data.data(), cleartext_write_buf.data(), data.size())) {
+                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Called Write but buffer does not match previous buffer");
+                return ResultInternalError;
+            }
+            return WriteAlreadyEncryptedData(out_size);
+        } else {
+            cleartext_write_buf.assign(data.begin(), data.end());
+        }
+
+        std::vector<u8> header_buf(stream_sizes.cbHeader, 0);
+        std::vector<u8> tmp_data_buf = cleartext_write_buf;
+        std::vector<u8> trailer_buf(stream_sizes.cbTrailer, 0);
+
+        std::array<SecBuffer, 3> buffers{{
+            {
+                .cbBuffer = stream_sizes.cbHeader,
+                .BufferType = SECBUFFER_STREAM_HEADER,
+                .pvBuffer = header_buf.data(),
+            },
+            {
+                .cbBuffer = static_cast<unsigned long>(tmp_data_buf.size()),
+                .BufferType = SECBUFFER_DATA,
+                .pvBuffer = tmp_data_buf.data(),
+            },
+            {
+                .cbBuffer = stream_sizes.cbTrailer,
+                .BufferType = SECBUFFER_STREAM_TRAILER,
+                .pvBuffer = trailer_buf.data(),
+            },
+        }};
+        ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
+            buffers[1].cbBuffer == tmp_data_buf.size(), { return ResultInternalError; },
+            "temp buffer too large");
+        SecBufferDesc desc{
+            .ulVersion = SECBUFFER_VERSION,
+            .cBuffers = static_cast<unsigned long>(buffers.size()),
+            .pBuffers = buffers.data(),
+        };
+
+        const SECURITY_STATUS ret = EncryptMessage(&ctxt, /*fQOP*/ 0, &desc, /*MessageSeqNo*/ 0);
+        if (ret != SEC_E_OK) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "EncryptMessage failed: {}", Common::NativeErrorToString(ret));
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+        ciphertext_write_buf.insert(ciphertext_write_buf.end(), header_buf.begin(),
+                                    header_buf.end());
+        ciphertext_write_buf.insert(ciphertext_write_buf.end(), tmp_data_buf.begin(),
+                                    tmp_data_buf.end());
+        ciphertext_write_buf.insert(ciphertext_write_buf.end(), trailer_buf.begin(),
+                                    trailer_buf.end());
+        return WriteAlreadyEncryptedData(out_size);
+    }
+
+    Result WriteAlreadyEncryptedData(size_t* out_size) {
+        const Result r = FlushCiphertextWriteBuf();
+        if (r != ResultSuccess) {
+            return r;
+        }
+        // write buf is empty
+        *out_size = cleartext_write_buf.size();
+        cleartext_write_buf.clear();
+        return ResultSuccess;
+    }
+
+    Result GetServerCerts(std::vector<std::vector<u8>>* out_certs) override {
+        PCCERT_CONTEXT returned_cert = nullptr;
+        const SECURITY_STATUS ret =
+            QueryContextAttributes(&ctxt, SECPKG_ATTR_REMOTE_CERT_CONTEXT, &returned_cert);
+        if (ret != SEC_E_OK) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL,
+                      "QueryContextAttributes(SECPKG_ATTR_REMOTE_CERT_CONTEXT) failed: {}",
+                      Common::NativeErrorToString(ret));
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+        PCCERT_CONTEXT some_cert = nullptr;
+        while ((some_cert = CertEnumCertificatesInStore(returned_cert->hCertStore, some_cert)) !=
+               nullptr) {
+            out_certs->emplace_back(static_cast<u8*>(some_cert->pbCertEncoded),
+                                    static_cast<u8*>(some_cert->pbCertEncoded) +
+                                        some_cert->cbCertEncoded);
+        }
+        std::reverse(out_certs->begin(),
+                     out_certs->end()); // Windows returns certs in reverse order from what we want
+        CertFreeCertificateContext(returned_cert);
+        return ResultSuccess;
+    }
+
+    ~SSLConnectionBackendSchannel() {
+        if (handshake_state != HandshakeState::Initial) {
+            DeleteSecurityContext(&ctxt);
+        }
+    }
+
+    enum class HandshakeState {
+        // Haven't called anything yet.
+        Initial,
+        // `SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED` was returned by
+        // `InitializeSecurityContext`; must finish sending data (if any) in
+        // the write buffer, then read at least one byte before calling
+        // `InitializeSecurityContext` again.
+        ContinueNeeded,
+        // `SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE` was returned by
+        // `InitializeSecurityContext`; hopefully the write buffer is empty;
+        // must read at least one byte before calling
+        // `InitializeSecurityContext` again.
+        IncompleteMessage,
+        // `SEC_E_OK` was returned by `InitializeSecurityContext`; must
+        // finish sending data in the write buffer before having `DoHandshake`
+        // report success.
+        DoneAfterFlush,
+        // We finished the above and are now connected.  At this point, writing
+        // and reading are separate 'state machines' represented by the
+        // nonemptiness of the ciphertext and cleartext read and write buffers.
+        Connected,
+        // Another error was returned and we shouldn't allow initialization
+        // to continue.
+        Error,
+    } handshake_state = HandshakeState::Initial;
+
+    CtxtHandle ctxt;
+    SecPkgContext_StreamSizes stream_sizes;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Network::SocketBase> socket;
+    std::optional<std::string> hostname;
+
+    std::vector<u8> ciphertext_read_buf;
+    std::vector<u8> ciphertext_write_buf;
+    std::vector<u8> cleartext_read_buf;
+    std::vector<u8> cleartext_write_buf;
+
+    bool got_read_eof = false;
+    bool skip_cert_verification = false;
+    size_t read_buf_fill_size = 0;
+};
+
+Result CreateSSLConnectionBackend(std::unique_ptr<SSLConnectionBackend>* out_backend) {
+    auto conn = std::make_unique<SSLConnectionBackendSchannel>();
+
+    R_TRY(conn->Init());
+
+    *out_backend = std::move(conn);
+    return ResultSuccess;
+}
+
+} // namespace Service::SSL

src/core/hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend_securetransport.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+// SecureTransport has been deprecated in its entirety in favor of
+// Network.framework, but that does not allow layering TLS on top of an
+// arbitrary socket.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+#include <Security/SecureTransport.h>
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#include "core/hle/service/ssl/ssl_backend.h"
+#include "core/internal_network/network.h"
+#include "core/internal_network/sockets.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+template <typename T>
+struct CFReleaser {
+    T ptr;
+
+    YUZU_NON_COPYABLE(CFReleaser);
+    constexpr CFReleaser() : ptr(nullptr) {}
+    constexpr CFReleaser(T ptr) : ptr(ptr) {}
+    constexpr operator T() {
+        return ptr;
+    }
+    ~CFReleaser() {
+        if (ptr) {
+            CFRelease(ptr);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+std::string CFStringToString(CFStringRef cfstr) {
+    CFReleaser<CFDataRef> cfdata(
+        CFStringCreateExternalRepresentation(nullptr, cfstr, kCFStringEncodingUTF8, 0));
+    ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(cfdata, { return "???"; });
+    return std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(CFDataGetBytePtr(cfdata)),
+                       CFDataGetLength(cfdata));
+}
+
+std::string OSStatusToString(OSStatus status) {
+    CFReleaser<CFStringRef> cfstr(SecCopyErrorMessageString(status, nullptr));
+    if (!cfstr) {
+        return "[unknown error]";
+    }
+    return CFStringToString(cfstr);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+namespace Service::SSL {
+
+class SSLConnectionBackendSecureTransport final : public SSLConnectionBackend {
+public:
+    Result Init() {
+        static std::once_flag once_flag;
+        std::call_once(once_flag, []() {
+            if (getenv("SSLKEYLOGFILE")) {
+                LOG_CRITICAL(Service_SSL, "SSLKEYLOGFILE was set but SecureTransport does not "
+                                          "support exporting keys; not logging keys!");
+                // Not fatal.
+            }
+        });
+
+        context.ptr = SSLCreateContext(nullptr, kSSLClientSide, kSSLStreamType);
+        if (!context) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSLCreateContext failed");
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+
+        OSStatus status;
+        if ((status = SSLSetIOFuncs(context, ReadCallback, WriteCallback)) ||
+            (status = SSLSetConnection(context, this))) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSLContext initialization failed: {}",
+                      OSStatusToString(status));
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+
+        return ResultSuccess;
+    }
+
+    void SetSocket(std::shared_ptr<Network::SocketBase> in_socket) override {
+        socket = std::move(in_socket);
+    }
+
+    Result SetHostName(const std::string& hostname) override {
+        OSStatus status = SSLSetPeerDomainName(context, hostname.c_str(), hostname.size());
+        if (status) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSLSetPeerDomainName failed: {}", OSStatusToString(status));
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+        return ResultSuccess;
+    }
+
+    void SetVerifyOption(u32 option) override {
+        skip_cert_verification = (option == 0);
+        LOG_WARNING(Service_SSL, "option={} skip_verification={}", option,
+                    skip_cert_verification);
+        if (skip_cert_verification) {
+            SSLSetSessionOption(context, kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Result DoHandshake() override {
+        OSStatus status = SSLHandshake(context);
+
+        if (skip_cert_verification && status == errSSLServerAuthCompleted) {
+            LOG_DEBUG(Service_SSL, "Skipping certificate verification as requested");
+            status = SSLHandshake(context);
+        }
+
+        return HandleReturn("SSLHandshake", 0, status);
+    }
+
+    Result Read(size_t* out_size, std::span<u8> data) override {
+        OSStatus status = SSLRead(context, data.data(), data.size(), out_size);
+        return HandleReturn("SSLRead", out_size, status);
+    }
+
+    Result Write(size_t* out_size, std::span<const u8> data) override {
+        OSStatus status = SSLWrite(context, data.data(), data.size(), out_size);
+        return HandleReturn("SSLWrite", out_size, status);
+    }
+
+    Result HandleReturn(const char* what, size_t* actual, OSStatus status) {
+        switch (status) {
+        case 0:
+            return ResultSuccess;
+        case errSSLWouldBlock:
+            return ResultWouldBlock;
+        default: {
+            std::string reason;
+            if (got_read_eof) {
+                reason = "server hung up";
+            } else {
+                reason = OSStatusToString(status);
+            }
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "{} failed: {}", what, reason);
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Result GetServerCerts(std::vector<std::vector<u8>>* out_certs) override {
+        CFReleaser<SecTrustRef> trust;
+        OSStatus status = SSLCopyPeerTrust(context, &trust.ptr);
+        if (status) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "SSLCopyPeerTrust failed: {}", OSStatusToString(status));
+            return ResultInternalError;
+        }
+        for (CFIndex i = 0, count = SecTrustGetCertificateCount(trust); i < count; i++) {
+            SecCertificateRef cert = SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex(trust, i);
+            CFReleaser<CFDataRef> data(SecCertificateCopyData(cert));
+            ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(data, { return ResultInternalError; });
+            const u8* ptr = CFDataGetBytePtr(data);
+            out_certs->emplace_back(ptr, ptr + CFDataGetLength(data));
+        }
+        return ResultSuccess;
+    }
+
+    static OSStatus ReadCallback(SSLConnectionRef connection, void* data, size_t* dataLength) {
+        return ReadOrWriteCallback(connection, data, dataLength, true);
+    }
+
+    static OSStatus WriteCallback(SSLConnectionRef connection, const void* data,
+                                  size_t* dataLength) {
+        return ReadOrWriteCallback(connection, const_cast<void*>(data), dataLength, false);
+    }
+
+    static OSStatus ReadOrWriteCallback(SSLConnectionRef connection, void* data, size_t* dataLength,
+                                        bool is_read) {
+        auto self =
+            static_cast<SSLConnectionBackendSecureTransport*>(const_cast<void*>(connection));
+        ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
+            self->socket, { return 0; }, "SecureTransport asked to {} but we have no socket",
+            is_read ? "read" : "write");
+
+        // SecureTransport callbacks (unlike OpenSSL BIO callbacks) are
+        // expected to read/write the full requested dataLength or return an
+        // error, so we have to add a loop ourselves.
+        size_t requested_len = *dataLength;
+        size_t offset = 0;
+        while (offset < requested_len) {
+            std::span cur(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(data) + offset, requested_len - offset);
+            auto [actual, err] = is_read ? self->socket->Recv(0, cur) : self->socket->Send(cur, 0);
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Service_SSL, "op={}, offset={} actual={}/{} err={}", is_read, offset,
+                         actual, cur.size(), static_cast<s32>(err));
+            switch (err) {
+            case Network::Errno::SUCCESS:
+                offset += actual;
+                if (actual == 0) {
+                    ASSERT(is_read);
+                    self->got_read_eof = true;
+                    return errSecEndOfData;
+                }
+                break;
+            case Network::Errno::AGAIN:
+                *dataLength = offset;
+                return errSSLWouldBlock;
+            default:
+                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Socket {} returned Network::Errno {}",
+                          is_read ? "recv" : "send", err);
+                return errSecIO;
+            }
+        }
+        ASSERT(offset == requested_len);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+private:
+    CFReleaser<SSLContextRef> context = nullptr;
+    bool got_read_eof = false;
+    bool skip_cert_verification = false;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Network::SocketBase> socket;
+};
+
+Result CreateSSLConnectionBackend(std::unique_ptr<SSLConnectionBackend>* out_backend) {
+    auto conn = std::make_unique<SSLConnectionBackendSecureTransport>();
+
+    R_TRY(conn->Init());
+
+    *out_backend = std::move(conn);
+    return ResultSuccess;
+}
+
+} // namespace Service::SSL

src/core/internal_network/wifi_scanner.cpp

@@ -114,13 +114,13 @@ std::vector<Network::ScanData> ScanWifiNetworks(std::chrono::milliseconds deadli
     char ifname[IFNAMSIZ] = {0};
     char *args[1] = {ifname};
 
-    iw_enum_devices(sock, [](int skfd, char* ifname, char* args[], int count) -> int {
+    iw_enum_devices(sock, [](int f_skfd, char* f_ifname, char* f_args[], int) -> int {
         iwrange range;
-        int res = iw_get_range_info(skfd, ifname, &range);
-        LOG_INFO(Network, "ifname {} returned {} on iw_get_range_info", ifname, res);
+        int res = iw_get_range_info(f_skfd, f_ifname, &range);
+        LOG_INFO(Network, "ifname {} returned {} on iw_get_range_info", f_ifname, res);
         if (res >= 0) {
-            strncpy(args[0], ifname, IFNAMSIZ - 1);
-            args[0][IFNAMSIZ - 1] = 0;
+            strncpy(f_args[0], f_ifname, IFNAMSIZ - 1);
+            f_args[0][IFNAMSIZ - 1] = 0;
             return 1;
         }
         return 0;

src/video_core/host_shaders/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ set(SHADER_FILES
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/blit_color_float.frag
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/block_linear_unswizzle_2d.comp
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/blit_color_msaa.frag
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/blit_depth.frag
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/blit_depth_msaa.frag
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/blit_depth_stencil_msaa.frag
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/block_linear_unswizzle_3d.comp
@@ -30,8 +31,12 @@ set(SHADER_FILES
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_float_to_depth.frag
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa.comp
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa.frag
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth.frag
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_stencil.frag
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa.comp
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa.frag
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth.frag
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_stencil.frag
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_s8d24_to_abgr8.frag
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/full_screen_triangle.vert
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/fxaa.frag
@@ -163,6 +168,44 @@ foreach(SOURCE_FILE IN ITEMS ${SHADER_FILES})
     endif()
 endforeach()
 
+# Integer variants of the MSAA conversion shaders. They only differ from the float
+# source in the sampler and output types, so they are generated from it via defines.
+set(SHADER_TYPE_VARIANTS
+    "convert_msaa_to_non_msaa.frag|sint|isampler2DMS|ivec4"
+    "convert_msaa_to_non_msaa.frag|uint|usampler2DMS|uvec4"
+    "convert_non_msaa_to_msaa.frag|sint|isampler2D|ivec4"
+    "convert_non_msaa_to_msaa.frag|uint|usampler2D|uvec4"
+)
+
+foreach(VARIANT IN ITEMS ${SHADER_TYPE_VARIANTS})
+    string(REPLACE "|" ";" VARIANT_PARTS ${VARIANT})
+    list(GET VARIANT_PARTS 0 VARIANT_FILENAME)
+    list(GET VARIANT_PARTS 1 VARIANT_SUFFIX)
+    list(GET VARIANT_PARTS 2 VARIANT_SAMPLER)
+    list(GET VARIANT_PARTS 3 VARIANT_TEXEL)
+
+    set(VARIANT_SOURCE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${VARIANT_FILENAME})
+    get_filename_component(VARIANT_STEM ${VARIANT_FILENAME} NAME_WE)
+    get_filename_component(VARIANT_EXT ${VARIANT_FILENAME} EXT)
+    string(REPLACE "." "" VARIANT_EXT ${VARIANT_EXT})
+    set(VARIANT_NAME ${VARIANT_STEM}_${VARIANT_SUFFIX}_${VARIANT_EXT})
+
+    string(TOUPPER ${VARIANT_NAME}_SPV VARIANT_VARIABLE_NAME)
+    set(VARIANT_HEADER_FILE ${SHADER_DIR}/${VARIANT_NAME}_spv.h)
+    add_custom_command(
+        OUTPUT
+            ${VARIANT_HEADER_FILE}
+        COMMAND
+            ${GLSLANGVALIDATOR} -V ${QUIET_FLAG} -I"${FIDELITYFX_INCLUDE_DIR}" ${GLSL_FLAGS}
+            -DSAMPLER_TYPE=${VARIANT_SAMPLER} -DTEXEL_TYPE=${VARIANT_TEXEL}
+            --variable-name ${VARIANT_VARIABLE_NAME} -o ${VARIANT_HEADER_FILE} ${VARIANT_SOURCE}
+            --target-env ${SPIR_V_VERSION}
+        MAIN_DEPENDENCY
+            ${VARIANT_SOURCE}
+    )
+    set(SHADER_HEADERS ${SHADER_HEADERS} ${VARIANT_HEADER_FILE})
+endforeach()
+
 foreach(FILEPATH IN ITEMS ${FIDELITYFX_FILES})
     get_filename_component(FILENAME ${FILEPATH} NAME)
     string(REPLACE "." "_" HEADER_NAME ${FILENAME})

src/video_core/host_shaders/blit_depth.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2D depth_tex;
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 texcoord;
+
+void main() {
+    gl_FragDepth = textureLod(depth_tex, texcoord, 0).r;
+}

src/video_core/host_shaders/blit_depth_msaa.frag

@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2DMS depth_tex;
 layout(location = 0) in vec2 texcoord;
 
 void main() {
-    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(depth_tex, ivec2(texcoord), 0).r;
+    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(depth_tex, ivec2(texcoord), gl_SampleID).r;
 }

src/video_core/host_shaders/blit_depth_stencil_msaa.frag

@@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ layout(binding = 1) uniform usampler2DMS stencil_tex;
 layout(location = 0) in vec2 texcoord;
 
 void main() {
-    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(depth_tex, ivec2(texcoord), 0).r;
-    gl_FragStencilRefARB = int(texelFetch(stencil_tex, ivec2(texcoord), 0).r);
+    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(depth_tex, ivec2(texcoord), gl_SampleID).r;
+    gl_FragStencilRefARB = int(texelFetch(stencil_tex, ivec2(texcoord), gl_SampleID).r);
 }

src/video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa.frag

@@ -3,7 +3,14 @@
 
 #version 450 core
 
-layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2DMS msaa_in;
+#ifndef SAMPLER_TYPE
+#define SAMPLER_TYPE sampler2DMS
+#endif
+#ifndef TEXEL_TYPE
+#define TEXEL_TYPE vec4
+#endif
+
+layout(binding = 0) uniform SAMPLER_TYPE msaa_in;
 
 layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
     ivec2 dst_offset;
@@ -11,7 +18,7 @@ layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
     ivec2 scale;
 };
 
-layout(location = 0) out vec4 frag_color;
+layout(location = 0) out TEXEL_TYPE frag_color;
 
 void main() {
     const ivec2 coord = ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) - dst_offset + src_offset;

src/video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2DMS msaa_in;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
+    ivec2 dst_offset;
+    ivec2 src_offset;
+    ivec2 scale;
+};
+
+void main() {
+    const ivec2 coord = ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) - dst_offset + src_offset;
+    const ivec2 msaa_coord = coord / scale;
+    const ivec2 sample_offset = coord % scale;
+    const int sample_id = sample_offset.x + scale.x * sample_offset.y;
+    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(msaa_in, msaa_coord, sample_id).r;
+}

src/video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_stencil.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#version 450 core
+#extension GL_ARB_shader_stencil_export : require
+
+layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2DMS depth_tex;
+layout(binding = 1) uniform usampler2DMS stencil_tex;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
+    ivec2 dst_offset;
+    ivec2 src_offset;
+    ivec2 scale;
+};
+
+void main() {
+    const ivec2 coord = ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) - dst_offset + src_offset;
+    const ivec2 msaa_coord = coord / scale;
+    const ivec2 sample_offset = coord % scale;
+    const int sample_id = sample_offset.x + scale.x * sample_offset.y;
+    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(depth_tex, msaa_coord, sample_id).r;
+    gl_FragStencilRefARB = int(texelFetch(stencil_tex, msaa_coord, sample_id).r);
+}

src/video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa.frag

@@ -3,7 +3,14 @@
 
 #version 450 core
 
-layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2D img_in;
+#ifndef SAMPLER_TYPE
+#define SAMPLER_TYPE sampler2D
+#endif
+#ifndef TEXEL_TYPE
+#define TEXEL_TYPE vec4
+#endif
+
+layout(binding = 0) uniform SAMPLER_TYPE img_in;
 
 layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
     ivec2 dst_offset;
@@ -11,7 +18,7 @@ layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
     ivec2 scale;
 };
 
-layout(location = 0) out vec4 frag_color;
+layout(location = 0) out TEXEL_TYPE frag_color;
 
 void main() {
     const ivec2 msaa_coord = ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) - dst_offset;

src/video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#version 450 core
+
+layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2D img_in;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
+    ivec2 dst_offset;
+    ivec2 src_offset;
+    ivec2 scale;
+};
+
+void main() {
+    const ivec2 msaa_coord = ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) - dst_offset;
+    const ivec2 sample_offset = ivec2(gl_SampleID % scale.x, gl_SampleID / scale.x);
+    const ivec2 coord = msaa_coord * scale + sample_offset + src_offset;
+    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(img_in, coord, 0).r;
+}

src/video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_stencil.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+#version 450 core
+#extension GL_ARB_shader_stencil_export : require
+
+layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2D depth_tex;
+layout(binding = 1) uniform usampler2D stencil_tex;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
+    ivec2 dst_offset;
+    ivec2 src_offset;
+    ivec2 scale;
+};
+
+void main() {
+    const ivec2 msaa_coord = ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) - dst_offset;
+    const ivec2 sample_offset = ivec2(gl_SampleID % scale.x, gl_SampleID / scale.x);
+    const ivec2 coord = msaa_coord * scale + sample_offset + src_offset;
+    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(depth_tex, coord, 0).r;
+    gl_FragStencilRefARB = int(texelFetch(stencil_tex, coord, 0).r);
+}

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.h

@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ public:
 
     void Finish();
 
+    void FlushDeferredClear() {}
+
     StagingBufferMap UploadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred = false);
 
     StagingBufferMap DownloadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred = false);
@@ -370,6 +372,7 @@ struct TextureCacheParams {
     static constexpr bool HAS_EMULATED_COPIES = true;
     static constexpr bool HAS_DEVICE_MEMORY_INFO = true;
     static constexpr bool IMPLEMENTS_ASYNC_DOWNLOADS = true;
+    static constexpr bool HAS_MSAA_DOWNLOADS = false;
 
     using Runtime = OpenGL::TextureCacheRuntime;
     using Image = OpenGL::Image;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "common/settings.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/blit_color_float_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/blit_color_msaa_frag_spv.h"
+#include "video_core/host_shaders/blit_depth_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/blit_depth_msaa_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/blit_depth_stencil_msaa_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_abgr8_to_d24s8_frag_spv.h"
@@ -21,7 +22,15 @@
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_depth_to_float_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_float_to_depth_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_frag_spv.h"
+#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_frag_spv.h"
+#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_stencil_frag_spv.h"
+#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_sint_frag_spv.h"
+#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_uint_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_frag_spv.h"
+#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_sint_frag_spv.h"
+#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_uint_frag_spv.h"
+#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_frag_spv.h"
+#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_stencil_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_s8d24_to_abgr8_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/full_screen_triangle_vert_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/vulkan_blit_depth_stencil_frag_spv.h"
@@ -518,8 +527,19 @@ void RecordShaderReadBarrier(Scheduler& scheduler, const ImageView& image_view)
     }
 }
 
+[[nodiscard]] MSAACopyFormatClass FormatClass(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat format) {
+    if (!VideoCore::Surface::IsPixelFormatInteger(format)) {
+        return MSAACopyFormatClass::Float;
+    }
+    if (VideoCore::Surface::IsPixelFormatSignedInteger(format)) {
+        return MSAACopyFormatClass::SignedInteger;
+    }
+    return MSAACopyFormatClass::UnsignedInteger;
+}
+
 [[nodiscard]] vk::ImageView MakeMSAACopyView(const vk::Device& device, VkImage image,
-                                             VkFormat format, u32 base_level) {
+                                             VkFormat format, u32 base_level, u32 base_layer,
+                                             VkImageAspectFlags aspect_mask) {
     return device.CreateImageView(VkImageViewCreateInfo{
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
@@ -534,10 +554,10 @@ void RecordShaderReadBarrier(Scheduler& scheduler, const ImageView& image_view)
             .a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
         },
         .subresourceRange{
-            .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+            .aspectMask = aspect_mask,
             .baseMipLevel = base_level,
             .levelCount = 1,
-            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+            .baseArrayLayer = base_layer,
             .layerCount = 1,
         },
     });
@@ -586,12 +606,17 @@ BlitImageHelper::BlitImageHelper(const Device& device_, Scheduler& scheduler_,
       msaa_copy_pipeline_layout(device.GetLogical().CreatePipelineLayout(PipelineLayoutCreateInfo(
           one_texture_set_layout.address(),
           PUSH_CONSTANT_RANGE<VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, sizeof(MSAACopyPushConstants)>))),
+      msaa_copy_depth_stencil_pipeline_layout(
+          device.GetLogical().CreatePipelineLayout(PipelineLayoutCreateInfo(
+              two_textures_set_layout.address(),
+              PUSH_CONSTANT_RANGE<VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, sizeof(MSAACopyPushConstants)>))),
       full_screen_vert(BuildShader(device, FULL_SCREEN_TRIANGLE_VERT_SPV)),
       blit_color_to_color_frag(BuildShader(device, BLIT_COLOR_FLOAT_FRAG_SPV)),
       blit_color_msaa_frag(BuildShader(device, BLIT_COLOR_MSAA_FRAG_SPV)),
       blit_depth_stencil_frag(device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported()
                              ? BuildShader(device, VULKAN_BLIT_DEPTH_STENCIL_FRAG_SPV)
                              : vk::ShaderModule{}),
+      blit_depth_frag(BuildShader(device, BLIT_DEPTH_FRAG_SPV)),
       blit_depth_msaa_frag(BuildShader(device, BLIT_DEPTH_MSAA_FRAG_SPV)),
       blit_depth_stencil_msaa_frag(device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported()
                              ? BuildShader(device, BLIT_DEPTH_STENCIL_MSAA_FRAG_SPV)
@@ -609,7 +634,25 @@ BlitImageHelper::BlitImageHelper(const Device& device_, Scheduler& scheduler_,
       convert_d24s8_to_abgr8_frag(BuildShader(device, CONVERT_D24S8_TO_ABGR8_FRAG_SPV)),
       convert_s8d24_to_abgr8_frag(BuildShader(device, CONVERT_S8D24_TO_ABGR8_FRAG_SPV)),
       convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_frag(BuildShader(device, CONVERT_MSAA_TO_NON_MSAA_FRAG_SPV)),
+      convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_sint_frag(
+          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_MSAA_TO_NON_MSAA_SINT_FRAG_SPV)),
+      convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_uint_frag(
+          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_MSAA_TO_NON_MSAA_UINT_FRAG_SPV)),
+      convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_frag(
+          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_MSAA_TO_NON_MSAA_DEPTH_FRAG_SPV)),
+      convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_stencil_frag(
+          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_MSAA_TO_NON_MSAA_DEPTH_STENCIL_FRAG_SPV)),
       convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_frag(BuildShader(device, CONVERT_NON_MSAA_TO_MSAA_FRAG_SPV)),
+      convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_sint_frag(
+          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_NON_MSAA_TO_MSAA_SINT_FRAG_SPV)),
+      convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_uint_frag(
+          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_NON_MSAA_TO_MSAA_UINT_FRAG_SPV)),
+      convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_frag(
+          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_NON_MSAA_TO_MSAA_DEPTH_FRAG_SPV)),
+      convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_stencil_frag(
+          device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported()
+              ? BuildShader(device, CONVERT_NON_MSAA_TO_MSAA_DEPTH_STENCIL_FRAG_SPV)
+              : vk::ShaderModule{}),
       linear_sampler(device.GetLogical().CreateSampler(SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO<VK_FILTER_LINEAR>)),
       nearest_sampler(device.GetLogical().CreateSampler(SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO<VK_FILTER_NEAREST>)) {}
 
@@ -624,24 +667,13 @@ void BlitImageHelper::BlitColor(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, const ImageV
         .renderpass = dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(),
         .operation = operation,
     };
-    const VkPipelineLayout layout = *one_texture_pipeline_layout;
-    const VkSampler sampler = is_linear ? *linear_sampler : *nearest_sampler;
-    const VkPipeline pipeline = FindOrEmplaceColorPipeline(key);
-    const VkImageView src_view = src_image_view.Handle(Shader::TextureType::Color2D);
-
-    RecordShaderReadBarrier(scheduler, src_image_view);
-    scheduler.RequestRenderpass(dst_framebuffer);
-    scheduler.Record([this, dst_region, src_region, pipeline, layout, sampler,
-                      src_view](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
-        const VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = one_texture_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
-        UpdateOneTextureDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view);
-        cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
-        cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
-                                  nullptr);
-        BindBlitState(cmdbuf, layout, dst_region, src_region);
-        cmdbuf.Draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
-    });
-    scheduler.InvalidateState();
+    VkSampler sampler = *nearest_sampler;
+    if (is_linear) {
+        sampler = *linear_sampler;
+    }
+    BlitImpl(dst_framebuffer, src_image_view, dst_region, src_region,
+             FindOrEmplaceColorPipeline(key), sampler,
+             src_image_view.Handle(Shader::TextureType::Color2D), VK_NULL_HANDLE, false);
 }
 
 void BlitImageHelper::BlitColor(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, VkImageView src_image_view,
@@ -670,6 +702,38 @@ void BlitImageHelper::BlitColor(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, VkImageView
     });
 }
 
+void BlitImageHelper::BlitImpl(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
+                               const ImageView& src_image_view, const Region2D& dst_region,
+                               const Region2D& src_region, VkPipeline pipeline, VkSampler sampler,
+                               VkImageView src_view, VkImageView src_stencil_view,
+                               bool blit_stencil) {
+    VkPipelineLayout layout = *one_texture_pipeline_layout;
+    if (blit_stencil) {
+        layout = *two_textures_pipeline_layout;
+    }
+
+    RecordShaderReadBarrier(scheduler, src_image_view);
+    scheduler.RequestRenderpass(dst_framebuffer);
+    scheduler.Record([this, dst_region, src_region, pipeline, layout, sampler, src_view,
+                      src_stencil_view, blit_stencil](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+        VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+        if (blit_stencil) {
+            descriptor_set = two_textures_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
+            UpdateTwoTexturesDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view,
+                                           src_stencil_view);
+        } else {
+            descriptor_set = one_texture_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
+            UpdateOneTextureDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view);
+        }
+        cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
+        cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
+                                  nullptr);
+        BindBlitState(cmdbuf, layout, dst_region, src_region);
+        cmdbuf.Draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
+    });
+    scheduler.InvalidateState();
+}
+
 void BlitImageHelper::BlitColorMSAA(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
                                     const ImageView& src_image_view, const Region2D& dst_region,
                                     const Region2D& src_region) {
@@ -677,24 +741,34 @@ void BlitImageHelper::BlitColorMSAA(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
         .renderpass = dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(),
         .samples = dst_framebuffer->Samples(),
     };
-    const VkPipelineLayout layout = *one_texture_pipeline_layout;
-    const VkSampler sampler = *nearest_sampler;
-    const VkPipeline pipeline = FindOrEmplaceBlitColorMSAAPipeline(key);
-    const VkImageView src_view = src_image_view.Handle(Shader::TextureType::Color2D);
+    BlitImpl(dst_framebuffer, src_image_view, dst_region, src_region,
+             FindOrEmplaceBlitColorMSAAPipeline(key), *nearest_sampler,
+             src_image_view.Handle(Shader::TextureType::Color2D), VK_NULL_HANDLE, false);
+}
 
-    RecordShaderReadBarrier(scheduler, src_image_view);
-    scheduler.RequestRenderpass(dst_framebuffer);
-    scheduler.Record([this, dst_region, src_region, pipeline, layout, sampler,
-                      src_view](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
-        const VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = one_texture_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
-        UpdateOneTextureDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view);
-        cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
-        cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
-                                  nullptr);
-        BindBlitState(cmdbuf, layout, dst_region, src_region);
-        cmdbuf.Draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
-    });
-    scheduler.InvalidateState();
+void BlitImageHelper::BlitDepthStencilMSAA(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
+                                           ImageView& src_image_view, const Region2D& dst_region,
+                                           const Region2D& src_region) {
+    const bool blit_stencil =
+        dst_framebuffer->HasAspectStencilBit() && device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported();
+    const BlitMSAAPipelineKey key{
+        .renderpass = dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(),
+        .samples = dst_framebuffer->Samples(),
+    };
+    VkImageView src_stencil_view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    if (blit_stencil) {
+        src_stencil_view = src_image_view.StencilView();
+    }
+    BlitImpl(dst_framebuffer, src_image_view, dst_region, src_region,
+             FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthStencilMSAAPipeline(key, blit_stencil), *nearest_sampler,
+             src_image_view.DepthView(), src_stencil_view, blit_stencil);
+}
+
+void BlitImageHelper::BlitDepth(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, ImageView& src_image_view,
+                                const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region) {
+    BlitImpl(dst_framebuffer, src_image_view, dst_region, src_region,
+             FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthPipeline(dst_framebuffer->RenderPass()), *nearest_sampler,
+             src_image_view.DepthView(), VK_NULL_HANDLE, false);
 }
 
 void BlitImageHelper::ResolveDepthStencil(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
@@ -702,36 +776,14 @@ void BlitImageHelper::ResolveDepthStencil(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
                                           const Region2D& src_region) {
     const bool resolve_stencil =
         dst_framebuffer->HasAspectStencilBit() && device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported();
-    const VkPipeline pipeline =
-        FindOrEmplaceResolveDepthStencilPipeline(dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(), resolve_stencil);
-    const VkPipelineLayout layout =
-        resolve_stencil ? *two_textures_pipeline_layout : *one_texture_pipeline_layout;
-    const VkSampler sampler = *nearest_sampler;
-    const VkImageView src_depth_view = src_image_view.DepthView();
-    const VkImageView src_stencil_view =
-        resolve_stencil ? src_image_view.StencilView() : VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-
-    RecordShaderReadBarrier(scheduler, src_image_view);
-    scheduler.RequestRenderpass(dst_framebuffer);
-    scheduler.Record([this, dst_region, src_region, pipeline, layout, sampler, src_depth_view,
-                      src_stencil_view, resolve_stencil](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
-        if (resolve_stencil) {
-            const VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = two_textures_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
-            UpdateTwoTexturesDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_depth_view,
-                                           src_stencil_view);
-            cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
-                                      nullptr);
-        } else {
-            const VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = one_texture_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
-            UpdateOneTextureDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_depth_view);
-            cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
-                                      nullptr);
-        }
-        cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
-        BindBlitState(cmdbuf, layout, dst_region, src_region);
-        cmdbuf.Draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
-    });
-    scheduler.InvalidateState();
+    VkImageView src_stencil_view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    if (resolve_stencil) {
+        src_stencil_view = src_image_view.StencilView();
+    }
+    BlitImpl(dst_framebuffer, src_image_view, dst_region, src_region,
+             FindOrEmplaceResolveDepthStencilPipeline(dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(),
+                                                      resolve_stencil),
+             *nearest_sampler, src_image_view.DepthView(), src_stencil_view, resolve_stencil);
 }
 
 void BlitImageHelper::BlitDepthStencil(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
@@ -739,35 +791,23 @@ void BlitImageHelper::BlitDepthStencil(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
                                        const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region,
                                        Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Filter filter,
                                        Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Operation operation) {
-    if (!device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported()) {
-        return;
-    }
     ASSERT(filter == Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Filter::Point);
     ASSERT(operation == Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Operation::SrcCopy);
+    const bool blit_stencil = device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported();
     const BlitImagePipelineKey key{
         .renderpass = dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(),
         .operation = operation,
     };
-    const VkPipelineLayout layout = *two_textures_pipeline_layout;
-    const VkSampler sampler = *nearest_sampler;
-    const VkPipeline pipeline = FindOrEmplaceDepthStencilPipeline(key);
-    const VkImageView src_depth_view = src_image_view.DepthView();
-    const VkImageView src_stencil_view = src_image_view.StencilView();
-
-    RecordShaderReadBarrier(scheduler, src_image_view);
-    scheduler.RequestRenderpass(dst_framebuffer);
-    scheduler.Record([dst_region, src_region, pipeline, layout, sampler, src_depth_view,
-                      src_stencil_view, this](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
-        const VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = two_textures_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
-        UpdateTwoTexturesDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_depth_view,
-                                       src_stencil_view);
-        cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
-        cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
-                                  nullptr);
-        BindBlitState(cmdbuf, layout, dst_region, src_region);
-        cmdbuf.Draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
-    });
-    scheduler.InvalidateState();
+    VkPipeline pipeline{};
+    VkImageView src_stencil_view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    if (blit_stencil) {
+        pipeline = FindOrEmplaceDepthStencilPipeline(key);
+        src_stencil_view = src_image_view.StencilView();
+    } else {
+        pipeline = FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthPipeline(key.renderpass);
+    }
+    BlitImpl(dst_framebuffer, src_image_view, dst_region, src_region, pipeline, *nearest_sampler,
+             src_image_view.DepthView(), src_stencil_view, blit_stencil);
 }
 
 void BlitImageHelper::ConvertD32ToR32(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
@@ -882,19 +922,183 @@ void BlitImageHelper::ClearDepthStencil(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, bool
     scheduler.InvalidateState();
 }
 
+void BlitImageHelper::CopyMSAAImpl(VkRenderPass renderpass, VkPipeline pipeline,
+                                   VkPipelineLayout layout, VkImage dst_image,
+                                   VkFormat dst_vk_format, VkImage src_image,
+                                   VkFormat src_vk_format, s32 scale_x, s32 scale_y,
+                                   std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies,
+                                   const MSAACopyAspectInfo& aspect_info, bool copy_stencil) {
+    while (!msaa_copy_resources.empty() && scheduler.IsFree(msaa_copy_resources.front().tick)) {
+        msaa_copy_resources.pop_front();
+    }
+    const VkSampler sampler = *nearest_sampler;
+    for (const VideoCommon::ImageCopy& copy : copies) {
+        const s32 num_layers = (std::min)(copy.src_subresource.num_layers,
+                                          copy.dst_subresource.num_layers);
+        for (s32 layer = 0; layer < num_layers; ++layer) {
+            const u32 src_level = static_cast<u32>(copy.src_subresource.base_level);
+            const u32 src_layer = static_cast<u32>(copy.src_subresource.base_layer + layer);
+            vk::ImageView src_view =
+                MakeMSAACopyView(device.GetLogical(), src_image, src_vk_format, src_level,
+                                 src_layer, aspect_info.src_view_aspect);
+            vk::ImageView src_stencil_view;
+            if (copy_stencil) {
+                src_stencil_view =
+                    MakeMSAACopyView(device.GetLogical(), src_image, src_vk_format, src_level,
+                                     src_layer, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT);
+            }
+            vk::ImageView dst_view =
+                MakeMSAACopyView(device.GetLogical(), dst_image, dst_vk_format,
+                                 static_cast<u32>(copy.dst_subresource.base_level),
+                                 static_cast<u32>(copy.dst_subresource.base_layer + layer),
+                                 aspect_info.attachment_aspect);
+            const VkOffset2D dst_offset{copy.dst_offset.x, copy.dst_offset.y};
+            const VkExtent2D dst_extent{copy.extent.width, copy.extent.height};
+            const VkRect2D render_area{
+                .offset = dst_offset,
+                .extent = dst_extent,
+            };
+            vk::Framebuffer framebuffer = device.GetLogical().CreateFramebuffer(VkFramebufferCreateInfo{
+                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+                .pNext = nullptr,
+                .flags = 0,
+                .renderPass = renderpass,
+                .attachmentCount = 1,
+                .pAttachments = dst_view.address(),
+                .width = static_cast<u32>(dst_offset.x) + dst_extent.width,
+                .height = static_cast<u32>(dst_offset.y) + dst_extent.height,
+                .layers = 1,
+            });
+            const MSAACopyPushConstants push_constants{
+                .dst_offset = {dst_offset.x, dst_offset.y},
+                .src_offset = {copy.src_offset.x, copy.src_offset.y},
+                .scale = {scale_x, scale_y},
+            };
+            VkImageView src_stencil_handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+            if (copy_stencil) {
+                src_stencil_handle = *src_stencil_view;
+            }
+            scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
+            scheduler.Record([this, pipeline, layout, sampler, renderpass,
+                              framebuffer_handle = *framebuffer, src_view_handle = *src_view,
+                              src_stencil_handle, src = src_image, dst = dst_image, render_area,
+                              aspect_info, push_constants](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+                const VkImageSubresourceRange barrier_range{
+                    .aspectMask = aspect_info.barrier_aspect,
+                    .baseMipLevel = 0,
+                    .levelCount = VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS,
+                    .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+                    .layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
+                };
+                const std::array pre_barriers{
+                    VkImageMemoryBarrier{
+                        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+                        .pNext = nullptr,
+                        .srcAccessMask = aspect_info.pre_src_access,
+                        .dstAccessMask = aspect_info.pre_src_dst_access,
+                        .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+                        .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+                        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                        .image = src,
+                        .subresourceRange = barrier_range,
+                    },
+                    VkImageMemoryBarrier{
+                        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+                        .pNext = nullptr,
+                        .srcAccessMask = aspect_info.pre_src_access,
+                        .dstAccessMask = aspect_info.pre_dst_dst_access,
+                        .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+                        .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+                        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                        .image = dst,
+                        .subresourceRange = barrier_range,
+                    },
+                };
+                cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(aspect_info.pre_src_stages, aspect_info.pre_dst_stages, 0,
+                                       nullptr, nullptr, pre_barriers);
+                const VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderpass_bi{
+                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
+                    .pNext = nullptr,
+                    .renderPass = renderpass,
+                    .framebuffer = framebuffer_handle,
+                    .renderArea = render_area,
+                    .clearValueCount = 0,
+                    .pClearValues = nullptr,
+                };
+                cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(renderpass_bi, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
+                VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+                if (src_stencil_handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+                    descriptor_set = two_textures_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
+                    UpdateTwoTexturesDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view_handle,
+                                                   src_stencil_handle);
+                } else {
+                    descriptor_set = one_texture_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
+                    UpdateOneTextureDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view_handle);
+                }
+                cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
+                cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
+                                          nullptr);
+                const VkViewport viewport{
+                    .x = static_cast<float>(render_area.offset.x),
+                    .y = static_cast<float>(render_area.offset.y),
+                    .width = static_cast<float>(render_area.extent.width),
+                    .height = static_cast<float>(render_area.extent.height),
+                    .minDepth = 0.0f,
+                    .maxDepth = 1.0f,
+                };
+                cmdbuf.SetViewport(0, viewport);
+                cmdbuf.SetScissor(0, render_area);
+                cmdbuf.PushConstants(layout, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, push_constants);
+                cmdbuf.Draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
+                cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
+                const VkImageMemoryBarrier post_barrier{
+                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+                    .pNext = nullptr,
+                    .srcAccessMask = aspect_info.post_src_access,
+                    .dstAccessMask = aspect_info.post_dst_access,
+                    .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+                    .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+                    .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                    .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                    .image = dst,
+                    .subresourceRange = barrier_range,
+                };
+                cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(aspect_info.post_src_stages, aspect_info.post_dst_stages, 0,
+                                       post_barrier);
+            });
+            msaa_copy_resources.push_back(MSAACopyResources{
+                .tick = scheduler.CurrentTick(),
+                .src_view = std::move(src_view),
+                .dst_view = std::move(dst_view),
+                .framebuffer = std::move(framebuffer),
+            });
+            if (copy_stencil) {
+                msaa_copy_resources.push_back(MSAACopyResources{
+                    .tick = scheduler.CurrentTick(),
+                    .src_view = std::move(src_stencil_view),
+                    .dst_view = vk::ImageView{},
+                    .framebuffer = vk::Framebuffer{},
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    scheduler.InvalidateState();
+}
+
 void BlitImageHelper::CopyMSAA(RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache, VkImage dst_image,
                                VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat dst_format, VkImage src_image,
                                VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat src_format, u32 num_samples,
                                std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies,
                                bool msaa_to_non_msaa) {
-    while (!msaa_copy_resources.empty() && scheduler.IsFree(msaa_copy_resources.front().tick)) {
-        msaa_copy_resources.pop_front();
-    }
     const auto [samples_x, samples_y] = VideoCommon::SamplesLog2(static_cast<int>(num_samples));
     const s32 scale_x = 1 << samples_x;
     const s32 scale_y = 1 << samples_y;
-    const VkSampleCountFlagBits samples =
-        msaa_to_non_msaa ? VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT : SampleCountFlag(num_samples);
+    VkSampleCountFlagBits samples = SampleCountFlag(num_samples);
+    if (msaa_to_non_msaa) {
+        samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+    }
     RenderPassKey renderpass_key{};
     renderpass_key.color_formats.fill(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat::Invalid);
     renderpass_key.color_formats[0] = dst_format;
@@ -905,149 +1109,35 @@ void BlitImageHelper::CopyMSAA(RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache, VkImage dst_i
         .renderpass = renderpass,
         .samples = samples,
         .msaa_to_non_msaa = msaa_to_non_msaa,
+        .format_class = FormatClass(dst_format),
+    };
+    const MSAACopyAspectInfo aspect_info{
+        .src_view_aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+        .attachment_aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+        .barrier_aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+        .pre_src_access = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT |
+                          VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
+        .pre_src_dst_access = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
+        .pre_dst_dst_access =
+            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+        .pre_src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT |
+                          VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT |
+                          VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
+        .pre_dst_stages =
+            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+        .post_src_access = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+        .post_dst_access = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
+        .post_src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+        .post_dst_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
+                           VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
     };
-    const VkPipeline pipeline = FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyPipeline(key);
-    const VkPipelineLayout layout = *msaa_copy_pipeline_layout;
-    const VkSampler sampler = *nearest_sampler;
     const VkFormat src_vk_format =
         MaxwellToVK::SurfaceFormat(device, FormatType::Optimal, true, src_format).format;
     const VkFormat dst_vk_format =
         MaxwellToVK::SurfaceFormat(device, FormatType::Optimal, true, dst_format).format;
-    for (const VideoCommon::ImageCopy& copy : copies) {
-        ASSERT(copy.src_subresource.base_layer == 0);
-        ASSERT(copy.src_subresource.num_layers == 1);
-        ASSERT(copy.dst_subresource.base_layer == 0);
-        ASSERT(copy.dst_subresource.num_layers == 1);
-        vk::ImageView src_view =
-            MakeMSAACopyView(device.GetLogical(), src_image, src_vk_format,
-                             static_cast<u32>(copy.src_subresource.base_level));
-        vk::ImageView dst_view =
-            MakeMSAACopyView(device.GetLogical(), dst_image, dst_vk_format,
-                             static_cast<u32>(copy.dst_subresource.base_level));
-        const VkOffset2D dst_offset{copy.dst_offset.x, copy.dst_offset.y};
-        const VkExtent2D dst_extent{copy.extent.width, copy.extent.height};
-        const VkRect2D render_area{
-            .offset = dst_offset,
-            .extent = dst_extent,
-        };
-        vk::Framebuffer framebuffer = device.GetLogical().CreateFramebuffer(VkFramebufferCreateInfo{
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
-            .pNext = nullptr,
-            .flags = 0,
-            .renderPass = renderpass,
-            .attachmentCount = 1,
-            .pAttachments = dst_view.address(),
-            .width = static_cast<u32>(dst_offset.x) + dst_extent.width,
-            .height = static_cast<u32>(dst_offset.y) + dst_extent.height,
-            .layers = 1,
-        });
-        const MSAACopyPushConstants push_constants{
-            .dst_offset = {dst_offset.x, dst_offset.y},
-            .src_offset = {copy.src_offset.x, copy.src_offset.y},
-            .scale = {scale_x, scale_y},
-        };
-        scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-        scheduler.Record([this, pipeline, layout, sampler, renderpass,
-                          framebuffer_handle = *framebuffer, src_view_handle = *src_view,
-                          src = src_image, dst = dst_image, render_area,
-                          push_constants](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
-            constexpr VkImageSubresourceRange color_range{
-                .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
-                .baseMipLevel = 0,
-                .levelCount = VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS,
-                .baseArrayLayer = 0,
-                .layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
-            };
-            const std::array pre_barriers{
-                VkImageMemoryBarrier{
-                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
-                    .pNext = nullptr,
-                    .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
-                                     VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
-                    .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
-                    .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-                    .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-                    .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-                    .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-                    .image = src,
-                    .subresourceRange = color_range,
-                },
-                VkImageMemoryBarrier{
-                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
-                    .pNext = nullptr,
-                    .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
-                                     VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
-                    .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT |
-                                     VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
-                    .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-                    .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-                    .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-                    .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-                    .image = dst,
-                    .subresourceRange = color_range,
-                },
-            };
-            cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT |
-                                       VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT |
-                                       VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
-                                       VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
-                                   VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
-                                       VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
-                                   0, nullptr, nullptr, pre_barriers);
-            const VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderpass_bi{
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
-                .pNext = nullptr,
-                .renderPass = renderpass,
-                .framebuffer = framebuffer_handle,
-                .renderArea = render_area,
-                .clearValueCount = 0,
-                .pClearValues = nullptr,
-            };
-            cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(renderpass_bi, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
-            const VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = one_texture_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
-            UpdateOneTextureDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view_handle);
-            cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
-            cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
-                                      nullptr);
-            const VkViewport viewport{
-                .x = static_cast<float>(render_area.offset.x),
-                .y = static_cast<float>(render_area.offset.y),
-                .width = static_cast<float>(render_area.extent.width),
-                .height = static_cast<float>(render_area.extent.height),
-                .minDepth = 0.0f,
-                .maxDepth = 1.0f,
-            };
-            cmdbuf.SetViewport(0, viewport);
-            cmdbuf.SetScissor(0, render_area);
-            cmdbuf.PushConstants(layout, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, push_constants);
-            cmdbuf.Draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
-            cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
-            const VkImageMemoryBarrier post_barrier{
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
-                .pNext = nullptr,
-                .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
-                .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
-                .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-                .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-                .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-                .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-                .image = dst,
-                .subresourceRange = color_range,
-            };
-            cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
-                                   VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
-                                       VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT |
-                                       VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
-                                   0, post_barrier);
-        });
-        msaa_copy_resources.push_back(MSAACopyResources{
-            .tick = scheduler.CurrentTick(),
-            .src_view = std::move(src_view),
-            .dst_view = std::move(dst_view),
-            .framebuffer = std::move(framebuffer),
-        });
-    }
-    scheduler.InvalidateState();
+    CopyMSAAImpl(renderpass, FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyPipeline(key), *msaa_copy_pipeline_layout,
+                 dst_image, dst_vk_format, src_image, src_vk_format, scale_x, scale_y, copies,
+                 aspect_info, false);
 }
 
 void BlitImageHelper::Convert(VkPipeline pipeline, const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
@@ -1379,6 +1469,87 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceBlitColorMSAAPipeline(const BlitMSAAPip
     return *blit_msaa_color_pipelines.back();
 }
 
+VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthStencilMSAAPipeline(
+    const BlitMSAAPipelineKey& key, bool blit_stencil) {
+    auto& keys = blit_stencil ? blit_msaa_depth_stencil_keys : blit_msaa_depth_keys;
+    auto& pipelines = blit_stencil ? blit_msaa_depth_stencil_pipelines : blit_msaa_depth_pipelines;
+    const auto it = std::ranges::find(keys, key);
+    if (it != keys.end()) {
+        return *pipelines[std::distance(keys.begin(), it)];
+    }
+    keys.push_back(key);
+    const std::array stages =
+        MakeStages(*full_screen_vert,
+                   blit_stencil ? *blit_depth_stencil_msaa_frag : *blit_depth_msaa_frag);
+    const VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample_ci{
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pNext = nullptr,
+        .flags = 0,
+        .rasterizationSamples = key.samples,
+        .sampleShadingEnable = VK_TRUE,
+        .minSampleShading = 1.0f,
+        .pSampleMask = nullptr,
+        .alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE,
+        .alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE,
+    };
+    const VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo input_assembly_ci = GetPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(device);
+    pipelines.push_back(device.GetLogical().CreateGraphicsPipeline({
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pNext = nullptr,
+        .flags = 0,
+        .stageCount = static_cast<u32>(stages.size()),
+        .pStages = stages.data(),
+        .pVertexInputState = &PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly_ci,
+        .pTessellationState = nullptr,
+        .pViewportState = &PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pRasterizationState = &PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pMultisampleState = &multisample_ci,
+        .pDepthStencilState = blit_stencil ? &PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO
+                                           : &PIPELINE_DEPTH_ONLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pColorBlendState = &PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_EMPTY_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pDynamicState = &PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .layout = blit_stencil ? *two_textures_pipeline_layout : *one_texture_pipeline_layout,
+        .renderPass = key.renderpass,
+        .subpass = 0,
+        .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+        .basePipelineIndex = 0,
+    }));
+    return *pipelines.back();
+}
+
+VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthPipeline(VkRenderPass renderpass) {
+    const auto it = std::ranges::find(blit_depth_keys, renderpass);
+    if (it != blit_depth_keys.end()) {
+        return *blit_depth_pipelines[std::distance(blit_depth_keys.begin(), it)];
+    }
+    blit_depth_keys.push_back(renderpass);
+    const std::array stages = MakeStages(*full_screen_vert, *blit_depth_frag);
+    const VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo input_assembly_ci = GetPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(device);
+    blit_depth_pipelines.push_back(device.GetLogical().CreateGraphicsPipeline({
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pNext = nullptr,
+        .flags = 0,
+        .stageCount = static_cast<u32>(stages.size()),
+        .pStages = stages.data(),
+        .pVertexInputState = &PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly_ci,
+        .pTessellationState = nullptr,
+        .pViewportState = &PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pRasterizationState = &PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pMultisampleState = &PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pDepthStencilState = &PIPELINE_DEPTH_ONLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pColorBlendState = &PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_EMPTY_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pDynamicState = &PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .layout = *one_texture_pipeline_layout,
+        .renderPass = renderpass,
+        .subpass = 0,
+        .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+        .basePipelineIndex = 0,
+    }));
+    return *blit_depth_pipelines.back();
+}
+
 VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceResolveDepthStencilPipeline(VkRenderPass renderpass,
                                                                      bool resolve_stencil) {
     auto& keys = resolve_stencil ? resolve_depth_stencil_keys : resolve_depth_keys;
@@ -1417,15 +1588,83 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceResolveDepthStencilPipeline(VkRenderPas
     return *pipelines.back();
 }
 
+void BlitImageHelper::CopyMSAADepth(RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache, VkImage dst_image,
+                                    VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat dst_format, VkImage src_image,
+                                    VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat src_format, u32 num_samples,
+                                    std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies,
+                                    bool copy_stencil, bool msaa_to_non_msaa) {
+    const auto [samples_x, samples_y] = VideoCommon::SamplesLog2(static_cast<int>(num_samples));
+    const s32 scale_x = 1 << samples_x;
+    const s32 scale_y = 1 << samples_y;
+    VkSampleCountFlagBits samples = SampleCountFlag(num_samples);
+    if (msaa_to_non_msaa) {
+        samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
+    }
+    RenderPassKey renderpass_key{};
+    renderpass_key.color_formats.fill(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat::Invalid);
+    renderpass_key.depth_format = dst_format;
+    renderpass_key.samples = samples;
+    const VkRenderPass renderpass = render_pass_cache.Get(renderpass_key);
+    const MSAACopyPipelineKey key{
+        .renderpass = renderpass,
+        .samples = samples,
+        .msaa_to_non_msaa = msaa_to_non_msaa,
+        .format_class = MSAACopyFormatClass::Float,
+    };
+    VkImageAspectFlags attachment_aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
+    if (VideoCore::Surface::GetFormatType(dst_format) ==
+        VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceType::DepthStencil) {
+        attachment_aspect |= VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
+    }
+    VkPipelineLayout layout = *msaa_copy_pipeline_layout;
+    if (copy_stencil) {
+        layout = *msaa_copy_depth_stencil_pipeline_layout;
+    }
+    const MSAACopyAspectInfo aspect_info{
+        .src_view_aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
+        .attachment_aspect = attachment_aspect,
+        .barrier_aspect = attachment_aspect,
+        .pre_src_access =
+            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
+        .pre_src_dst_access = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
+        .pre_dst_dst_access = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT |
+                              VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+        .pre_src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT |
+                          VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT |
+                          VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
+        .pre_dst_stages =
+            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
+        .post_src_access = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+        .post_dst_access = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT |
+                           VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT,
+        .post_src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
+        .post_dst_stages = vk::PIPELINE_STAGE_GRAPHICS_COMPUTE_TRANSFER,
+    };
+    const VkFormat src_vk_format =
+        MaxwellToVK::SurfaceFormat(device, FormatType::Optimal, true, src_format).format;
+    const VkFormat dst_vk_format =
+        MaxwellToVK::SurfaceFormat(device, FormatType::Optimal, true, dst_format).format;
+    CopyMSAAImpl(renderpass, FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyDepthPipeline(key, copy_stencil), layout,
+                 dst_image, dst_vk_format, src_image, src_vk_format, scale_x, scale_y, copies,
+                 aspect_info, copy_stencil);
+}
+
 VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyPipeline(const MSAACopyPipelineKey& key) {
     const auto it = std::ranges::find(msaa_copy_keys, key);
     if (it != msaa_copy_keys.end()) {
         return *msaa_copy_pipelines[std::distance(msaa_copy_keys.begin(), it)];
     }
     msaa_copy_keys.push_back(key);
-    const std::array stages = MakeStages(*clear_color_vert, key.msaa_to_non_msaa
-                                                                ? *convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_frag
-                                                                : *convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_frag);
+    VkShaderModule frag_module = key.msaa_to_non_msaa ? *convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_frag
+                                                     : *convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_frag;
+    if (key.format_class == MSAACopyFormatClass::SignedInteger) {
+        frag_module = key.msaa_to_non_msaa ? *convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_sint_frag
+                                           : *convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_sint_frag;
+    } else if (key.format_class == MSAACopyFormatClass::UnsignedInteger) {
+        frag_module = key.msaa_to_non_msaa ? *convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_uint_frag
+                                           : *convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_uint_frag;
+    }
+    const std::array stages = MakeStages(*clear_color_vert, frag_module);
     const VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample_ci{
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
@@ -1462,6 +1701,85 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyPipeline(const MSAACopyPipeline
     return *msaa_copy_pipelines.back();
 }
 
+VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyDepthPipeline(const MSAACopyPipelineKey& key,
+                                                               bool copy_stencil) {
+    auto& keys = copy_stencil ? msaa_copy_depth_stencil_keys : msaa_copy_depth_keys;
+    auto& pipelines = copy_stencil ? msaa_copy_depth_stencil_pipelines : msaa_copy_depth_pipelines;
+    const auto it = std::ranges::find(keys, key);
+    if (it != keys.end()) {
+        return *pipelines[std::distance(keys.begin(), it)];
+    }
+    keys.push_back(key);
+    VkShaderModule frag_module;
+    if (key.msaa_to_non_msaa) {
+        frag_module = copy_stencil ? *convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_stencil_frag
+                                   : *convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_frag;
+    } else {
+        frag_module = copy_stencil ? *convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_stencil_frag
+                                   : *convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_frag;
+    }
+    const std::array stages = MakeStages(*clear_color_vert, frag_module);
+    const VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample_ci{
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pNext = nullptr,
+        .flags = 0,
+        .rasterizationSamples = key.samples,
+        .sampleShadingEnable = key.msaa_to_non_msaa ? VK_FALSE : VK_TRUE,
+        .minSampleShading = key.msaa_to_non_msaa ? 0.0f : 1.0f,
+        .pSampleMask = nullptr,
+        .alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE,
+        .alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE,
+    };
+    static constexpr VkStencilOpState REPLACE_STENCIL_OP{
+        .failOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_REPLACE,
+        .passOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_REPLACE,
+        .depthFailOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_REPLACE,
+        .compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS,
+        .compareMask = 0xFF,
+        .writeMask = 0xFF,
+        .reference = 0,
+    };
+    const VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depth_stencil_ci{
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pNext = nullptr,
+        .flags = 0,
+        .depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE,
+        .depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE,
+        .depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS,
+        .depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE,
+        .stencilTestEnable = copy_stencil ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE,
+        .front = copy_stencil ? REPLACE_STENCIL_OP : VkStencilOpState{},
+        .back = copy_stencil ? REPLACE_STENCIL_OP : VkStencilOpState{},
+        .minDepthBounds = 0.0f,
+        .maxDepthBounds = 0.0f,
+    };
+    const VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo input_assembly_ci =
+        GetPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(device);
+    pipelines.push_back(device.GetLogical().CreateGraphicsPipeline({
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pNext = nullptr,
+        .flags = 0,
+        .stageCount = static_cast<u32>(stages.size()),
+        .pStages = stages.data(),
+        .pVertexInputState = &PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly_ci,
+        .pTessellationState = nullptr,
+        .pViewportState = &PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pRasterizationState = &PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pMultisampleState = &multisample_ci,
+        .pDepthStencilState = &depth_stencil_ci,
+        .pColorBlendState = &PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_EMPTY_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pDynamicState = &PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+        .layout = copy_stencil ? *msaa_copy_depth_stencil_pipeline_layout
+                               : *msaa_copy_pipeline_layout,
+        .renderPass = key.renderpass,
+        .subpass = 0,
+        .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+        .basePipelineIndex = 0,
+    }));
+    return *pipelines.back();
+}
+
 void BlitImageHelper::ConvertDepthToColorPipeline(vk::Pipeline& pipeline, VkRenderPass renderpass) {
     ConvertPipeline(pipeline, renderpass, false);
 }

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.h

@@ -45,12 +45,19 @@ struct BlitDepthStencilPipelineKey {
     u32 stencil_ref;
 };
 
+enum class MSAACopyFormatClass : u32 {
+    Float,
+    SignedInteger,
+    UnsignedInteger,
+};
+
 struct MSAACopyPipelineKey {
     constexpr auto operator<=>(const MSAACopyPipelineKey&) const noexcept = default;
 
     VkRenderPass renderpass;
     VkSampleCountFlagBits samples;
     bool msaa_to_non_msaa;
+    MSAACopyFormatClass format_class;
 };
 
 struct BlitMSAAPipelineKey {
@@ -78,6 +85,12 @@ public:
     void BlitColorMSAA(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, const ImageView& src_image_view,
                        const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region);
 
+    void BlitDepthStencilMSAA(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, ImageView& src_image_view,
+                              const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region);
+
+    void BlitDepth(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, ImageView& src_image_view,
+                   const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region);
+
     void ResolveDepthStencil(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, ImageView& src_image_view,
                              const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region);
 
@@ -116,7 +129,39 @@ public:
                   VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat src_format, u32 num_samples,
                   std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies, bool msaa_to_non_msaa);
 
+    void CopyMSAADepth(RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache, VkImage dst_image,
+                       VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat dst_format, VkImage src_image,
+                       VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat src_format, u32 num_samples,
+                       std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies, bool copy_stencil,
+                       bool msaa_to_non_msaa);
+
 private:
+    struct MSAACopyAspectInfo {
+        VkImageAspectFlags src_view_aspect;
+        VkImageAspectFlags attachment_aspect;
+        VkImageAspectFlags barrier_aspect;
+        VkAccessFlags pre_src_access;
+        VkAccessFlags pre_src_dst_access;
+        VkAccessFlags pre_dst_dst_access;
+        VkPipelineStageFlags pre_src_stages;
+        VkPipelineStageFlags pre_dst_stages;
+        VkAccessFlags post_src_access;
+        VkAccessFlags post_dst_access;
+        VkPipelineStageFlags post_src_stages;
+        VkPipelineStageFlags post_dst_stages;
+    };
+
+    void BlitImpl(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, const ImageView& src_image_view,
+                  const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region, VkPipeline pipeline,
+                  VkSampler sampler, VkImageView src_view, VkImageView src_stencil_view,
+                  bool blit_stencil);
+
+    void CopyMSAAImpl(VkRenderPass renderpass, VkPipeline pipeline, VkPipelineLayout layout,
+                      VkImage dst_image, VkFormat dst_vk_format, VkImage src_image,
+                      VkFormat src_vk_format, s32 scale_x, s32 scale_y,
+                      std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies,
+                      const MSAACopyAspectInfo& aspect_info, bool copy_stencil);
+
     void Convert(VkPipeline pipeline, const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
                  const ImageView& src_image_view);
 
@@ -131,7 +176,13 @@ private:
     [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceClearStencilPipeline(
         const BlitDepthStencilPipelineKey& key);
     [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyPipeline(const MSAACopyPipelineKey& key);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyDepthPipeline(const MSAACopyPipelineKey& key,
+                                                                bool copy_stencil);
     [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceBlitColorMSAAPipeline(const BlitMSAAPipelineKey& key);
+    [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthStencilMSAAPipeline(
+        const BlitMSAAPipelineKey& key, bool blit_stencil);
+    [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthPipeline(VkRenderPass renderpass);
     [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceResolveDepthStencilPipeline(VkRenderPass renderpass,
                                                                       bool resolve_stencil);
 
@@ -162,10 +213,12 @@ private:
     vk::PipelineLayout two_textures_pipeline_layout;
     vk::PipelineLayout clear_color_pipeline_layout;
     vk::PipelineLayout msaa_copy_pipeline_layout;
+    vk::PipelineLayout msaa_copy_depth_stencil_pipeline_layout;
     vk::ShaderModule full_screen_vert;
     vk::ShaderModule blit_color_to_color_frag;
     vk::ShaderModule blit_color_msaa_frag;
     vk::ShaderModule blit_depth_stencil_frag;
+    vk::ShaderModule blit_depth_frag;
     vk::ShaderModule blit_depth_msaa_frag;
     vk::ShaderModule blit_depth_stencil_msaa_frag;
     vk::ShaderModule clear_color_vert;
@@ -179,7 +232,15 @@ private:
     vk::ShaderModule convert_d24s8_to_abgr8_frag;
     vk::ShaderModule convert_s8d24_to_abgr8_frag;
     vk::ShaderModule convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_frag;
+    vk::ShaderModule convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_sint_frag;
+    vk::ShaderModule convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_uint_frag;
+    vk::ShaderModule convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_frag;
+    vk::ShaderModule convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_stencil_frag;
     vk::ShaderModule convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_frag;
+    vk::ShaderModule convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_sint_frag;
+    vk::ShaderModule convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_uint_frag;
+    vk::ShaderModule convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_frag;
+    vk::ShaderModule convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_stencil_frag;
     vk::Sampler linear_sampler;
     vk::Sampler nearest_sampler;
 
@@ -193,8 +254,18 @@ private:
     std::vector<vk::Pipeline> clear_stencil_pipelines;
     std::vector<MSAACopyPipelineKey> msaa_copy_keys;
     std::vector<vk::Pipeline> msaa_copy_pipelines;
+    std::vector<MSAACopyPipelineKey> msaa_copy_depth_keys;
+    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> msaa_copy_depth_pipelines;
+    std::vector<MSAACopyPipelineKey> msaa_copy_depth_stencil_keys;
+    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> msaa_copy_depth_stencil_pipelines;
     std::vector<BlitMSAAPipelineKey> blit_msaa_color_keys;
     std::vector<vk::Pipeline> blit_msaa_color_pipelines;
+    std::vector<VkRenderPass> blit_depth_keys;
+    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> blit_depth_pipelines;
+    std::vector<BlitMSAAPipelineKey> blit_msaa_depth_keys;
+    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> blit_msaa_depth_pipelines;
+    std::vector<BlitMSAAPipelineKey> blit_msaa_depth_stencil_keys;
+    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> blit_msaa_depth_stencil_pipelines;
     std::vector<VkRenderPass> resolve_depth_keys;
     std::vector<vk::Pipeline> resolve_depth_pipelines;
     std::vector<VkRenderPass> resolve_depth_stencil_keys;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -424,24 +424,12 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::Clear(u32 layer_count) {
     const bool ds_deferrable =
         !ds_used || ((!framebuffer->HasAspectDepthBit() || use_depth) &&
                      (!framebuffer->HasAspectStencilBit() || use_stencil) && !stencil_partial);
-    const bool can_defer_clear = ENABLE_DEFERRED_CLEAR && !regs.clear_control.use_scissor &&
-                                 regs.clear_surface.layer == 0 &&
-                                 !scheduler.IsRenderPassActive() &&
-                                 (!use_color || color_full_channels) && ds_deferrable;
-    if (!can_defer_clear) {
-        scheduler.RequestRenderpass(framebuffer);
-    }
-
-    query_cache.NotifySegment(true);
-    query_cache.CounterEnable(VideoCommon::QueryType::ZPassPixelCount64, maxwell3d->regs.zpass_pixel_count_enable);
     u32 up_scale = 1;
     u32 down_shift = 0;
     if (texture_cache.IsRescaling()) {
         up_scale = Settings::values.resolution_info.up_scale;
         down_shift = Settings::values.resolution_info.down_shift;
     }
-    UpdateViewportsState(regs);
-
     VkRect2D default_scissor{};
     default_scissor.offset.x = 0;
     default_scissor.offset.y = 0;
@@ -497,6 +485,22 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::Clear(u32 layer_count) {
         return;
     }
 
+    const bool clear_covers_render_area =
+        clear_rect.rect.offset.x == 0 && clear_rect.rect.offset.y == 0 &&
+        clear_rect.rect.extent.width >= render_area.width &&
+        clear_rect.rect.extent.height >= render_area.height;
+    const bool can_defer_clear = ENABLE_DEFERRED_CLEAR && (!regs.clear_control.use_scissor || clear_covers_render_area) &&
+                                 regs.clear_surface.layer == 0 &&
+                                 !scheduler.IsRenderPassActive() &&
+                                 (!use_color || color_full_channels) && ds_deferrable;
+    if (!can_defer_clear) {
+        scheduler.RequestRenderpass(framebuffer);
+    }
+
+    query_cache.NotifySegment(true);
+    query_cache.CounterEnable(VideoCommon::QueryType::ZPassPixelCount64, maxwell3d->regs.zpass_pixel_count_enable);
+    UpdateViewportsState(regs);
+
     const u32 color_attachment = regs.clear_surface.RT;
     if (use_color && framebuffer->HasAspectColorBit(color_attachment)) {
         const auto format = VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat(regs.rt[color_attachment].format);

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_render_pass_cache.cpp

@@ -65,8 +65,72 @@ using VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceType;
                 .finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
             };
         }
+
+        struct ResolveAspects {
+            bool depth;
+            bool stencil;
+        };
+
+        struct ResolveModes {
+            VkResolveModeFlagBits depth;
+            VkResolveModeFlagBits stencil;
+        };
+
+        constexpr ResolveAspects GetResolveAspects(PixelFormat format) {
+            const SurfaceType surface_type = GetSurfaceType(format);
+            return ResolveAspects{
+                .depth = surface_type == SurfaceType::Depth ||
+                         surface_type == SurfaceType::DepthStencil,
+                .stencil = surface_type == SurfaceType::Stencil ||
+                           surface_type == SurfaceType::DepthStencil,
+            };
+        }
+
+        ResolveModes PickResolveModes(const Device& device, PixelFormat format) {
+            constexpr VkResolveModeFlagBits mode = VK_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_ZERO_BIT;
+
+            const ResolveAspects aspects = GetResolveAspects(format);
+            const bool depth_mode_supported = (device.GetDepthResolveModes() & mode) != 0;
+            const bool stencil_mode_supported = (device.GetStencilResolveModes() & mode) != 0;
+
+            ResolveModes modes{
+                .depth = VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE,
+                .stencil = VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE,
+            };
+            if (aspects.depth && depth_mode_supported) {
+                modes.depth = mode;
+            }
+            if (aspects.stencil && stencil_mode_supported) {
+                modes.stencil = mode;
+            }
+            if (modes.depth == modes.stencil || device.SupportsIndependentResolveNone()) {
+                return modes;
+            }
+            if (modes.depth != VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE && stencil_mode_supported) {
+                modes.stencil = mode;
+            } else if (modes.stencil != VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE && depth_mode_supported) {
+                modes.depth = mode;
+            }
+            return modes;
+        }
     } // Anonymous namespace
 
+bool SupportsDepthStencilResolve(const Device& device, PixelFormat depth_format) {
+    if (depth_format == PixelFormat::Invalid || !device.IsKhrDepthStencilResolveSupported()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const ResolveAspects aspects = GetResolveAspects(depth_format);
+    if (!aspects.depth && !aspects.stencil) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const ResolveModes modes = PickResolveModes(device, depth_format);
+    if ((aspects.depth && modes.depth == VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE) ||
+        (aspects.stencil && modes.stencil == VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return modes.depth == modes.stencil || device.SupportsIndependentResolveNone();
+}
+
 RenderPassCache::RenderPassCache(const Device& device_) : device{&device_} {}
 
 VkRenderPass RenderPassCache::Get(const RenderPassKey& key) {
@@ -75,7 +139,9 @@ VkRenderPass RenderPassCache::Get(const RenderPassKey& key) {
     if (!is_new) {
         return *pair->second;
     }
-    boost::container::static_vector<VkAttachmentDescription, 9> descriptions;
+    static constexpr size_t MAX_ATTACHMENTS =
+        2 * std::tuple_size_v<decltype(RenderPassKey::color_formats)> + 2;
+    boost::container::static_vector<VkAttachmentDescription, MAX_ATTACHMENTS> descriptions;
     std::array<VkAttachmentReference, 8> references{};
     u32 num_attachments{};
     u32 num_colors{};
@@ -109,8 +175,11 @@ VkRenderPass RenderPassCache::Get(const RenderPassKey& key) {
         const VkAttachmentLoadOp depth_load_op = key.depth_stencil_clear
                                                      ? VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR
                                                      : VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
+        const VkAttachmentStoreOp depth_store_op = key.depth_stencil_discard
+                                                       ? VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE
+                                                       : VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
         descriptions.push_back(AttachmentDescription(*device, key.depth_format, key.samples,
-                                                     depth_load_op, VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE));
+                                                     depth_load_op, depth_store_op));
     }
     std::array<VkAttachmentReference, 8> resolve_references{};
     const bool do_resolve_color =
@@ -133,6 +202,21 @@ VkRenderPass RenderPassCache::Get(const RenderPassKey& key) {
             }
         }
     }
+    const bool do_resolve_depth_stencil = key.resolve_depth_stencil && has_depth &&
+                                          key.samples != VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT &&
+                                          SupportsDepthStencilResolve(*device, key.depth_format);
+    VkAttachmentReference depth_resolve_reference{};
+    if (do_resolve_depth_stencil) {
+        depth_resolve_reference = VkAttachmentReference{
+            .attachment = static_cast<u32>(descriptions.size()),
+            .layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+        };
+        VkAttachmentDescription resolve_desc =
+            AttachmentDescription(*device, key.depth_format, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+                                  VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE, VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE);
+        resolve_desc.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
+        descriptions.push_back(resolve_desc);
+    }
     const VkSubpassDescription subpass{
         .flags = 0,
         .pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
@@ -157,6 +241,92 @@ VkRenderPass RenderPassCache::Get(const RenderPassKey& key) {
             .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
             .dependencyFlags = VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT
     };
+
+    if (device->IsKhrCreateRenderPass2Supported()) {
+        boost::container::static_vector<VkAttachmentDescription2, MAX_ATTACHMENTS> descriptions2;
+        for (const VkAttachmentDescription& description : descriptions) {
+            descriptions2.push_back(VkAttachmentDescription2{
+                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_2,
+                .pNext = nullptr,
+                .flags = description.flags,
+                .format = description.format,
+                .samples = description.samples,
+                .loadOp = description.loadOp,
+                .storeOp = description.storeOp,
+                .stencilLoadOp = description.stencilLoadOp,
+                .stencilStoreOp = description.stencilStoreOp,
+                .initialLayout = description.initialLayout,
+                .finalLayout = description.finalLayout,
+            });
+        }
+        const auto promote = [](const VkAttachmentReference& reference) {
+            return VkAttachmentReference2{
+                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_2,
+                .pNext = nullptr,
+                .attachment = reference.attachment,
+                .layout = reference.layout,
+                .aspectMask = 0,
+            };
+        };
+        std::array<VkAttachmentReference2, 8> references2{};
+        std::array<VkAttachmentReference2, 8> resolve_references2{};
+        for (size_t index = 0; index < references.size(); ++index) {
+            references2[index] = promote(references[index]);
+            resolve_references2[index] = promote(resolve_references[index]);
+        }
+        const VkAttachmentReference2 depth_reference2 = promote(depth_reference);
+        const VkAttachmentReference2 depth_resolve_reference2 = promote(depth_resolve_reference);
+        const ResolveModes resolve_modes = PickResolveModes(*device, key.depth_format);
+        const VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve depth_stencil_resolve{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_DEPTH_STENCIL_RESOLVE,
+            .pNext = nullptr,
+            .depthResolveMode = resolve_modes.depth,
+            .stencilResolveMode = resolve_modes.stencil,
+            .pDepthStencilResolveAttachment = &depth_resolve_reference2,
+        };
+        const VkSubpassDescription2 subpass2{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_2,
+            .pNext = do_resolve_depth_stencil ? &depth_stencil_resolve : nullptr,
+            .flags = 0,
+            .pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
+            .viewMask = 0,
+            .inputAttachmentCount = 0,
+            .pInputAttachments = nullptr,
+            .colorAttachmentCount = num_attachments,
+            .pColorAttachments = references2.data(),
+            .pResolveAttachments = do_resolve_color ? resolve_references2.data() : nullptr,
+            .pDepthStencilAttachment = has_depth ? &depth_reference2 : nullptr,
+            .preserveAttachmentCount = 0,
+            .pPreserveAttachments = nullptr,
+        };
+        const VkSubpassDependency2 dependency2{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DEPENDENCY_2,
+            .pNext = nullptr,
+            .srcSubpass = dependency.srcSubpass,
+            .dstSubpass = dependency.dstSubpass,
+            .srcStageMask = dependency.srcStageMask,
+            .dstStageMask = dependency.dstStageMask,
+            .srcAccessMask = dependency.srcAccessMask,
+            .dstAccessMask = dependency.dstAccessMask,
+            .dependencyFlags = dependency.dependencyFlags,
+            .viewOffset = 0,
+        };
+        pair->second = device->GetLogical().CreateRenderPass2({
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO_2,
+            .pNext = nullptr,
+            .flags = 0,
+            .attachmentCount = static_cast<u32>(descriptions2.size()),
+            .pAttachments = descriptions2.empty() ? nullptr : descriptions2.data(),
+            .subpassCount = 1,
+            .pSubpasses = &subpass2,
+            .dependencyCount = 1,
+            .pDependencies = &dependency2,
+            .correlatedViewMaskCount = 0,
+            .pCorrelatedViewMasks = nullptr,
+        });
+        return *pair->second;
+    }
+
     pair->second = device->GetLogical().CreateRenderPass({
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_render_pass_cache.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <mutex>
 #include <ankerl/unordered_dense.h>
 
+#include "common/container_hash.h"
 #include "video_core/surface.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"
 
@@ -21,9 +22,11 @@ struct RenderPassKey {
     VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat depth_format;
     VkSampleCountFlagBits samples;
     bool resolve_color;
+    bool resolve_depth_stencil;
     u32 color_clear_mask;
     bool depth_stencil_clear;
     u32 color_discard_mask;
+    bool depth_stencil_discard;
 };
 
 } // namespace Vulkan
@@ -31,17 +34,28 @@ struct RenderPassKey {
 namespace std {
 template <>
 struct hash<Vulkan::RenderPassKey> {
+    static_assert(std::tuple_size_v<decltype(Vulkan::RenderPassKey::color_formats)> <= 8);
+    static_assert(static_cast<u32>(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat::Invalid) <= 0xFF);
+    static_assert(static_cast<u32>(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat::Max) <= 0xFF);
+    static_assert(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT <= 0xFF);
+
     [[nodiscard]] size_t operator()(const Vulkan::RenderPassKey& key) const noexcept {
-        size_t value = static_cast<size_t>(key.depth_format) << 48;
-        value ^= static_cast<size_t>(key.samples) << 52;
-        value ^= static_cast<size_t>(key.resolve_color) << 63;
-        value ^= static_cast<size_t>(key.color_clear_mask) << 54;
-        value ^= static_cast<size_t>(key.depth_stencil_clear) << 62;
-        value ^= static_cast<size_t>(key.color_discard_mask) << 24;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < key.color_formats.size(); ++i) {
-            value ^= static_cast<size_t>(key.color_formats[i]) << (i * 6);
+        u64 formats = 0;
+        for (size_t index = 0; index < key.color_formats.size(); ++index) {
+            formats |= static_cast<u64>(key.color_formats[index]) << (index * 8);
         }
-        return value;
+        const u64 state = static_cast<u64>(key.depth_format) |
+                          (static_cast<u64>(key.samples) << 8) |
+                          (static_cast<u64>(key.color_clear_mask) << 16) |
+                          (static_cast<u64>(key.color_discard_mask) << 24) |
+                          (static_cast<u64>(key.resolve_color) << 32) |
+                          (static_cast<u64>(key.depth_stencil_clear) << 33) |
+                          (static_cast<u64>(key.resolve_depth_stencil) << 34) |
+                          (static_cast<u64>(key.depth_stencil_discard) << 35);
+        size_t seed = 0;
+        Common::HashCombine(seed, formats);
+        Common::HashCombine(seed, state);
+        return seed;
     }
 };
 } // namespace std
@@ -50,6 +64,9 @@ namespace Vulkan {
 
 class Device;
 
+[[nodiscard]] bool SupportsDepthStencilResolve(const Device& device,
+                                               VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat depth_format);
+
 class RenderPassCache {
 public:
     explicit RenderPassCache(const Device& device_);

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.cpp

@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ void Scheduler::BeginRenderPassImpl(const Framebuffer* framebuffer, VkRenderPass
     num_renderpass_images = framebuffer->NumImages();
     renderpass_images = framebuffer->Images();
     renderpass_image_ranges = framebuffer->ImageRanges();
+    framebuffer->MarkResolveShadowsUpToDate();
 }
 
 void Scheduler::RealizeDeferredClear() {
@@ -155,8 +156,10 @@ void Scheduler::RealizeDeferredClear() {
     }
     const u32 color_discard_mask =
         dc.framebuffer->DiscardsMsaaColor() ? dc.color_clear_mask : 0u;
+    const bool depth_stencil_discard =
+        dc.depth_stencil && dc.framebuffer->DiscardsMsaaDepthStencil();
     const VkRenderPass renderpass = dc.framebuffer->RenderPassVariant(
-        dc.color_clear_mask, dc.depth_stencil, color_discard_mask);
+        dc.color_clear_mask, dc.depth_stencil, color_discard_mask, depth_stencil_discard);
     EndRenderPass();
     BeginRenderPassImpl(dc.framebuffer, renderpass, clear_values.data(), count);
 }
@@ -190,6 +193,14 @@ bool Scheduler::DeferDepthStencilClear(const Framebuffer* framebuffer, const VkC
     return true;
 }
 
+void Scheduler::FlushDeferredClear() {
+    if (deferred_clear.framebuffer == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+    RealizeDeferredClear();
+    EndRenderPass();
+}
+
 void Scheduler::RequestRenderpass(const Framebuffer* framebuffer) {
     if (deferred_clear.framebuffer == framebuffer) {
         RealizeDeferredClear();

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_scheduler.h

@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ public:
     /// Defers a full depth/stencil clear so it becomes the next render pass.
     bool DeferDepthStencilClear(const Framebuffer* framebuffer, const VkClearValue& value);
 
+    /// Realizes any pending deferred clear before its framebuffer can be moved or freed.
+    void FlushDeferredClear();
+
     /// Requests the current execution context to be able to execute operations only allowed outside
     /// of a renderpass.
     void RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.cpp

@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_ALIGNMENT = 256;
 // Windows ones however, can intake bigger buffers and generally do not OOM.
 // - GTX 960 on Windows will not OOM with 256mib
 // - GT 1030 on ^NIX will OOM with 256mib
-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__ANDROID__)
-constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 256_MiB;
-#else
+#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
 constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 128_MiB;
+#else
+constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 256_MiB;
 #endif
 
 size_t GetStreamBufferSize(const Device& device) {

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h

@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ public:
 
     void TickFrame();
 
+    void FlushDeferredClear();
+
     u64 GetDeviceLocalMemory() const;
 
     u64 GetDeviceMemoryUsage() const;
@@ -68,6 +70,12 @@ public:
 
     std::optional<size_t> GetSamplerHeapBudget() const;
 
+    bool CanDownloadMsaa(const VideoCommon::ImageInfo& info) const;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] VkImage AcquireMsaaScratchImage(const VkImageCreateInfo& image_ci);
+
+    void ReleaseMsaaScratchImage(VkImage image);
+
     void BlitImage(Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, ImageView& dst, ImageView& src,
                    const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region,
                    Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Filter filter,
@@ -117,16 +125,20 @@ public:
         VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
         VkExtent2D extent{};
         u32 layers = 0;
+        VkImageAspectFlags aspect_mask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
         bool up_to_date = false;
     };
 
     [[nodiscard]] VkImageView GetOrCreateResolveShadow(VkImage msaa_image, VkFormat format,
-                                                       VkExtent2D extent, u32 layers);
+                                                       VkExtent2D extent, u32 layers,
+                                                       VkImageAspectFlags aspect_mask);
 
     [[nodiscard]] const ResolveShadow* GetValidResolveShadow(VkImage msaa_image) const;
 
     void InvalidateResolveShadow(VkImage msaa_image);
 
+    void MarkResolveShadowUpToDate(VkImage msaa_image);
+
     void EraseResolveShadow(VkImage msaa_image);
 
     std::span<const VkFormat> ViewFormats(PixelFormat format) {
@@ -154,8 +166,30 @@ public:
 
     static constexpr size_t indexing_slots = 8 * sizeof(size_t);
     std::array<vk::Buffer, indexing_slots> buffers{};
-    std::vector<std::pair<u64, vk::Image>> pending_msaa_images;
+    struct MsaaScratchKey {
+        VkFormat format;
+        VkImageType type;
+        u32 width;
+        u32 height;
+        u32 depth;
+        u32 levels;
+        u32 layers;
+        VkImageUsageFlags usage;
+        VkImageCreateFlags flags;
+
+        bool operator==(const MsaaScratchKey&) const noexcept = default;
+    };
+
+    struct MsaaScratchImage {
+        MsaaScratchKey key;
+        vk::Image image;
+        u64 tick;
+        u32 unused_frames;
+    };
+
+    std::vector<MsaaScratchImage> msaa_scratch_images;
     ankerl::unordered_dense::map<VkImage, ResolveShadow> resolve_shadows;
+    std::vector<std::pair<u64, ResolveShadow>> pending_resolve_shadows;
 };
 
 class Framebuffer {
@@ -191,7 +225,8 @@ public:
     }
 
     [[nodiscard]] VkRenderPass RenderPassVariant(u32 color_clear_mask, bool depth_stencil_clear,
-                                                 u32 color_discard_mask) const;
+                                                 u32 color_discard_mask,
+                                                 bool depth_stencil_discard) const;
 
     [[nodiscard]] VkExtent2D RenderArea() const noexcept {
         return render_area;
@@ -233,19 +268,21 @@ public:
         return is_rescaled;
     }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] bool HasResolveColor() const noexcept {
-        return !resolve_images.empty();
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] VkImage ResolveColorImage(size_t index) const noexcept {
-        return index < resolve_images.size() ? *resolve_images[index] : VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    }
-
     [[nodiscard]] bool DiscardsMsaaColor() const noexcept {
         return discard_msaa_color;
     }
 
+    [[nodiscard]] bool DiscardsMsaaDepthStencil() const noexcept {
+        return discard_msaa_depth_stencil;
+    }
+
+    /// Records that a render pass has begun, so its resolve attachments will hold valid contents
+    /// once it ends.
+    void MarkResolveShadowsUpToDate() const;
+
 private:
+    static constexpr size_t NUM_MEMOIZED_RENDER_PASS_VARIANTS = 8;
+
     vk::Framebuffer framebuffer;
     VkRenderPass renderpass{};
     VkExtent2D render_area{};
@@ -258,11 +295,16 @@ private:
     bool has_depth{};
     bool has_stencil{};
     bool is_rescaled{};
-    std::vector<vk::Image> resolve_images;
-    std::vector<vk::ImageView> resolve_image_views;
+    std::array<VkImage, 9> resolve_shadow_images{};
+    u32 num_resolve_shadows = 0;
+    TextureCacheRuntime* runtime_ptr{nullptr};
     RenderPassKey render_pass_key{};
     RenderPassCache* render_pass_cache{nullptr};
     bool discard_msaa_color{};
+    bool discard_msaa_depth_stencil{};
+    mutable std::array<u32, NUM_MEMOIZED_RENDER_PASS_VARIANTS> variant_keys{};
+    mutable std::array<VkRenderPass, NUM_MEMOIZED_RENDER_PASS_VARIANTS> variant_render_passes{};
+    mutable u32 num_memoized_variants{};
 };
 
 class Image : public VideoCommon::ImageBase {
@@ -486,6 +528,7 @@ struct TextureCacheParams {
     static constexpr bool HAS_EMULATED_COPIES = false;
     static constexpr bool HAS_DEVICE_MEMORY_INFO = true;
     static constexpr bool IMPLEMENTS_ASYNC_DOWNLOADS = true;
+    static constexpr bool HAS_MSAA_DOWNLOADS = true;
 
     using Runtime = Vulkan::TextureCacheRuntime;
     using Image = Vulkan::Image;

src/video_core/texture_cache/image_base.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void ImageBase::InsertView(const ImageViewInfo& view_info, ImageViewId image_vie
     image_view_ids.push_back(image_view_id);
 }
 
-bool ImageBase::IsSafeDownload() const noexcept {
+bool ImageBase::IsSafeGpuCopy() const noexcept {
     // Skip images that were not modified from the GPU
     if (False(flags & ImageFlagBits::GpuModified)) {
         return false;
@@ -131,10 +131,6 @@ bool ImageBase::IsSafeDownload() const noexcept {
     if (True(flags & ImageFlagBits::CpuModified)) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (info.num_samples > 1) {
-        LOG_WARNING(HW_GPU, "MSAA image downloads are not implemented");
-        return false;
-    }
     return true;
 }
 

src/video_core/texture_cache/image_base.h

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -64,7 +67,7 @@ struct ImageBase {
 
     void InsertView(const ImageViewInfo& view_info, ImageViewId image_view_id);
 
-    [[nodiscard]] bool IsSafeDownload() const noexcept;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsSafeGpuCopy() const noexcept;
 
     [[nodiscard]] bool Overlaps(VAddr overlap_cpu_addr, size_t overlap_size) const noexcept {
         const VAddr overlap_end = overlap_cpu_addr + overlap_size;

src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ void TextureCache<P>::RunGarbageCollector() {
         if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::IsDecoding)) {
             return false;
         }
-        const bool must_download = image.IsSafeDownload() && False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::BadOverlap);
+        const bool must_download = IsDownloadable(image) && False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::BadOverlap);
         if ((!aggressive_mode && True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::CostlyLoad)) || (!high_priority_mode && must_download)) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -577,6 +577,7 @@ FramebufferId TextureCache<P>::GetFramebufferId(const RenderTargets& key) {
         return id ? &slot_image_views[id] : nullptr;
     });
     ImageView* const depth_buffer = key.depth_buffer_id ? &slot_image_views[key.depth_buffer_id] : nullptr;
+    runtime.FlushDeferredClear();
     framebuffer_id = slot_framebuffers.insert(runtime, color_buffers, depth_buffer, key);
     return framebuffer_id;
 }
@@ -594,11 +595,26 @@ void TextureCache<P>::WriteMemory(DAddr cpu_addr, size_t size) {
     });
 }
 
+template <class P>
+bool TextureCache<P>::IsDownloadable(const ImageBase& image) const noexcept {
+    if (!image.IsSafeGpuCopy()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (image.info.num_samples == 1) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if constexpr (P::HAS_MSAA_DOWNLOADS) {
+        return runtime.CanDownloadMsaa(image.info);
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
 template <class P>
 void TextureCache<P>::DownloadMemory(DAddr cpu_addr, size_t size) {
     boost::container::small_vector<ImageId, 16> images;
-    ForEachImageInRegion(cpu_addr, size, [&images](ImageId image_id, ImageBase& image) {
-        if (!image.IsSafeDownload()) {
+    ForEachImageInRegion(cpu_addr, size, [this, &images](ImageId image_id, ImageBase& image) {
+        if (!IsDownloadable(image)) {
             return;
         }
         image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::GpuModified;
@@ -1476,12 +1492,12 @@ template <class P>
 bool TextureCache<P>::ScaleUp(Image& image) {
     const bool has_copy = image.HasScaled();
     const bool rescaled = image.ScaleUp();
+    if (!has_copy && image.HasScaled()) {
+        total_used_memory += GetScaledImageSizeBytes(image);
+    }
     if (!rescaled) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (!has_copy) {
-        total_used_memory += GetScaledImageSizeBytes(image);
-    }
     InvalidateScale(image);
     return true;
 }
@@ -1691,7 +1707,10 @@ ImageId TextureCache<P>::JoinImages(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, DA
     for (const auto& copy_object : join_copies_to_do) {
         Image& overlap = slot_images[copy_object.id];
         if (copy_object.is_alias) {
-            if (!overlap.IsSafeDownload()) {
+            if (!overlap.IsSafeGpuCopy()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (overlap.info.num_samples != new_image.info.num_samples) {
                 continue;
             }
             const auto alias_pointer = join_alias_indices.find(copy_object.id);
@@ -2461,6 +2480,7 @@ void TextureCache<P>::RemoveImageViewReferences(std::span<const ImageViewId> rem
 
 template <class P>
 void TextureCache<P>::RemoveFramebuffers(std::span<const ImageViewId> removed_views) {
+    runtime.FlushDeferredClear();
     auto it = framebuffers.begin();
     while (it != framebuffers.end()) {
         if (it->first.Contains(removed_views)) {

src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache_base.h

@@ -303,6 +303,8 @@ private:
     FramebufferId GetFramebufferId(const RenderTargets& key);
 
     /// Refresh the contents (pixel data) of an image
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsDownloadable(const ImageBase& image) const noexcept;
+
     void RefreshContents(Image& image, ImageId image_id);
 
     /// Upload data from guest to an image

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.cpp

@@ -650,13 +650,6 @@ Device::Device(VkInstance instance_, vk::PhysicalDevice physical_, VkSurfaceKHR
         features.shader_float16_int8.shaderFloat16 = false;
     }
 
-    if (is_intel_windows) {
-        LOG_WARNING(Render_Vulkan,
-                    "Intel proprietary drivers do not support MSAA->MSAA image blits. "
-                    "MSAA scaling will use 3D helpers. MSAA resolves work normally.");
-        cant_blit_msaa = true;
-    }
-
     has_broken_compute =
         CheckBrokenCompute(properties.driver.driverID, properties.properties.driverVersion) &&
         !Settings::values.enable_compute_pipelines.GetValue();
@@ -975,6 +968,12 @@ bool Device::GetSuitability(bool requires_swapchain) {
     FOR_EACH_VK_FEATURE_EXT(FEATURE_EXTENSION);
     FOR_EACH_VK_EXTENSION(EXTENSION);
 
+    extensions.depth_stencil_resolve =
+        extensions.depth_stencil_resolve &&
+        (instance_version >= VK_API_VERSION_1_2 || extensions.create_renderpass2);
+    RemoveExtensionIfUnsuitable(extensions.depth_stencil_resolve,
+                                VK_KHR_DEPTH_STENCIL_RESOLVE_EXTENSION_NAME);
+
     if (supported_extensions.contains(VK_KHR_ROBUSTNESS_2_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
         loaded_extensions.erase(VK_EXT_ROBUSTNESS_2_EXTENSION_NAME);
         loaded_extensions.insert(VK_KHR_ROBUSTNESS_2_EXTENSION_NAME);
@@ -1122,6 +1121,11 @@ bool Device::GetSuitability(bool requires_swapchain) {
             VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PUSH_DESCRIPTOR_PROPERTIES_KHR;
         SetNext(next, properties.push_descriptor);
     }
+    if (extensions.depth_stencil_resolve || instance_version >= VK_API_VERSION_1_2) {
+        properties.depth_stencil_resolve.sType =
+            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DEPTH_STENCIL_RESOLVE_PROPERTIES;
+        SetNext(next, properties.depth_stencil_resolve);
+    }
     if (extensions.descriptor_buffer) {
         properties.descriptor_buffer.sType =
             VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_PROPERTIES_EXT;

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h

@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VmaAllocator)
     EXTENSION(EXT, SHADER_VIEWPORT_INDEX_LAYER, shader_viewport_index_layer)                       \
     EXTENSION(EXT, TOOLING_INFO, tooling_info)                                                     \
     EXTENSION(EXT, VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_DIVISOR, vertex_attribute_divisor)                             \
+    EXTENSION(KHR, CREATE_RENDERPASS_2, create_renderpass2)                                        \
+    EXTENSION(KHR, DEPTH_STENCIL_RESOLVE, depth_stencil_resolve)                                   \
     EXTENSION(KHR, DRAW_INDIRECT_COUNT, draw_indirect_count)                                       \
     EXTENSION(KHR, DRIVER_PROPERTIES, driver_properties)                                           \
     EXTENSION(KHR, PUSH_DESCRIPTOR, push_descriptor)                                               \
@@ -613,6 +615,32 @@ FN_MAX_LIMIT_LIST
         return extensions.shader_stencil_export;
     }
 
+    /// Returns true if the device supports VK_KHR_create_renderpass2.
+    bool IsKhrCreateRenderPass2Supported() const {
+        return extensions.create_renderpass2 || instance_version >= VK_API_VERSION_1_2;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the device supports VK_KHR_depth_stencil_resolve.
+    bool IsKhrDepthStencilResolveSupported() const {
+        return (extensions.depth_stencil_resolve || instance_version >= VK_API_VERSION_1_2) &&
+               IsKhrCreateRenderPass2Supported();
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the supported resolve modes for the depth aspect.
+    VkResolveModeFlags GetDepthResolveModes() const {
+        return properties.depth_stencil_resolve.supportedDepthResolveModes;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the supported resolve modes for the stencil aspect.
+    VkResolveModeFlags GetStencilResolveModes() const {
+        return properties.depth_stencil_resolve.supportedStencilResolveModes;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if only one of the depth and stencil aspects may be resolved.
+    bool SupportsIndependentResolveNone() const {
+        return properties.depth_stencil_resolve.independentResolveNone == VK_TRUE;
+    }
+
     /// Returns true if depth/stencil operations can be performed efficiently.
     /// Either through shader export or hardware blits.
     bool CanPerformDepthStencilOperations() const {
@@ -921,10 +949,6 @@ FN_MAX_LIMIT_LIST
         return supports_d24_depth;
     }
 
-    bool CantBlitMSAA() const {
-        return cant_blit_msaa;
-    }
-
     bool MustEmulateScaledFormats() const {
         return must_emulate_scaled_formats;
     }
@@ -1148,6 +1172,7 @@ private:
         VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlProperties subgroup_size_control{};
         VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackPropertiesEXT transform_feedback{};
         VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance5PropertiesKHR maintenance5{};
+        VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties depth_stencil_resolve{};
 
         VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties{};
     };
@@ -1175,7 +1200,6 @@ private:
     bool has_nsight_graphics{};                ///< Has Nsight Graphics attached
     bool has_radeon_gpu_profiler{};            ///< Has Radeon GPU Profiler attached.
     bool supports_d24_depth{};                 ///< Supports D24 depth buffers.
-    bool cant_blit_msaa{};                     ///< Does not support MSAA<->MSAA blitting.
     bool must_emulate_scaled_formats{};        ///< Requires scaled vertex format emulation
     bool dynamic_state3_blending{};            ///< Has blending features of dynamic_state3.
     bool dynamic_state3_enables{};             ///< Has at least one enable feature of dynamic_state3.

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.cpp

@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@ void Load(VkDevice device, DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
     X(vkCreatePipelineLayout);
     X(vkCreateQueryPool);
     X(vkCreateRenderPass);
+    X(vkCreateRenderPass2);
     X(vkCreateSampler);
     X(vkCreateSemaphore);
     X(vkCreateShaderModule);
@@ -270,6 +271,10 @@ void Load(VkDevice device, DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
     if (!dld.vkQueueSubmit2) {
         Proc(dld.vkQueueSubmit2, dld, "vkQueueSubmit2KHR", device);
     }
+
+    if (!dld.vkCreateRenderPass2) {
+        Proc(dld.vkCreateRenderPass2, dld, "vkCreateRenderPass2KHR", device);
+    }
 #undef X
 }
 
@@ -725,6 +730,12 @@ RenderPass Device::CreateRenderPass(const VkRenderPassCreateInfo& ci) const {
     return RenderPass(object, handle, *dld);
 }
 
+RenderPass Device::CreateRenderPass2(const VkRenderPassCreateInfo2& ci) const {
+    VkRenderPass object;
+    Check(dld->vkCreateRenderPass2(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
+    return RenderPass(object, handle, *dld);
+}
+
 DescriptorSetLayout Device::CreateDescriptorSetLayout(
     const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo& ci) const {
     VkDescriptorSetLayout object;

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h

@@ -300,6 +300,7 @@ struct DeviceDispatch : InstanceDispatch {
     PFN_vkCreatePipelineLayout vkCreatePipelineLayout{};
     PFN_vkCreateQueryPool vkCreateQueryPool{};
     PFN_vkCreateRenderPass vkCreateRenderPass{};
+    PFN_vkCreateRenderPass2 vkCreateRenderPass2{};
     PFN_vkCreateSampler vkCreateSampler{};
     PFN_vkCreateSemaphore vkCreateSemaphore{};
     PFN_vkCreateShaderModule vkCreateShaderModule{};
@@ -1045,6 +1046,8 @@ public:
 
     [[nodiscard]] RenderPass CreateRenderPass(const VkRenderPassCreateInfo& ci) const;
 
+    [[nodiscard]] RenderPass CreateRenderPass2(const VkRenderPassCreateInfo2& ci) const;
+
     [[nodiscard]] DescriptorSetLayout CreateDescriptorSetLayout(
         const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo& ci) const;
 

src/yuzu/updater/update_dialog.cpp

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ UpdateDialog::~UpdateDialog() {
     delete ui;
 }
 
+// TODO: migrate to a net.cpp wrapper
 void UpdateDialog::Download() {
     const auto filename = QtCommon::Frontend::GetSaveFileName(
         tr("New Version Location"),
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ void UpdateDialog::Download() {
                                               QString::number(response.status)));
         return;
     }
-    if (!response.headers.contains("content-type")) {
+    if (!response.has_header("content-type")) {
         LOG_ERROR(Frontend, "GET to {}{} returned no content", m_asset.url, m_asset.path);
         return;
     }