fix license header

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/model/BooleanSetting.kt

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ enum class BooleanSetting(override val key: String) : AbstractBooleanSetting {
     RENDERER_REACTIVE_FLUSHING("use_reactive_flushing"),
     ENABLE_BUFFER_HISTORY("enable_buffer_history"),
     USE_OPTIMIZED_VERTEX_BUFFERS("use_optimized_vertex_buffers"),
-    ENABLE_GPU_BUFFER_READBACK("enable_gpu_buffer_readback"),
     SYNC_MEMORY_OPERATIONS("sync_memory_operations"),
     BUFFER_REORDER_DISABLE("disable_buffer_reorder"),
     RENDERER_DEBUG("debug"),
@@ -84,10 +83,9 @@ enum class BooleanSetting(override val key: String) : AbstractBooleanSetting {
     ENABLE_OVERLAY("enable_overlay"),
 
     // GPU Logging
+    GPU_LOGGING_ENABLED("gpu_logging_enabled"),
     GPU_LOG_VULKAN_CALLS("gpu_log_vulkan_calls"),
     GPU_LOG_SHADER_DUMPS("gpu_log_shader_dumps"),
-    DUMP_GUEST_SHADERS("dump_guest_shaders"),
-    DUMP_MACROS("dump_macros"),
     GPU_LOG_MEMORY_TRACKING("gpu_log_memory_tracking"),
     GPU_LOG_DRIVER_DEBUG("gpu_log_driver_debug"),
 

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/model/view/SettingsItem.kt

@@ -806,13 +806,6 @@ abstract class SettingsItem(
                     descriptionId = R.string.enable_buffer_history_description
                 )
             )
-            put(
-                SwitchSetting(
-                    BooleanSetting.ENABLE_GPU_BUFFER_READBACK,
-                    titleId = R.string.enable_gpu_buffer_readback,
-                    descriptionId = R.string.enable_gpu_buffer_readback_description
-                )
-            )
             put(
                 SwitchSetting(
                     BooleanSetting.USE_OPTIMIZED_VERTEX_BUFFERS,
@@ -938,6 +931,13 @@ abstract class SettingsItem(
             )
 
             // GPU Logging settings
+            put(
+                SwitchSetting(
+                    BooleanSetting.GPU_LOGGING_ENABLED,
+                    titleId = R.string.gpu_logging_enabled,
+                    descriptionId = R.string.gpu_logging_enabled_description
+                )
+            )
             put(
                 SingleChoiceSetting(
                     ByteSetting.GPU_LOG_LEVEL,
@@ -954,13 +954,6 @@ abstract class SettingsItem(
                     descriptionId = R.string.gpu_log_vulkan_calls_description
                 )
             )
-            put(
-                SwitchSetting(
-                    BooleanSetting.DUMP_GUEST_SHADERS,
-                    titleId = R.string.dump_guest_shaders,
-                    descriptionId = R.string.dump_guest_shaders_description
-                )
-            )
             put(
                 SwitchSetting(
                     BooleanSetting.GPU_LOG_SHADER_DUMPS,
@@ -968,13 +961,6 @@ abstract class SettingsItem(
                     descriptionId = R.string.gpu_log_shader_dumps_description
                 )
             )
-            put(
-                SwitchSetting(
-                    BooleanSetting.DUMP_MACROS,
-                    titleId = R.string.dump_macros,
-                    descriptionId = R.string.dump_macros_description
-                )
-            )
             put(
                 SwitchSetting(
                     BooleanSetting.GPU_LOG_MEMORY_TRACKING,

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/ui/SettingsFragmentPresenter.kt

@@ -292,7 +292,6 @@ class SettingsFragmentPresenter(
             add(BooleanSetting.RENDERER_FORCE_MAX_CLOCK.key)
             add(BooleanSetting.RENDERER_REACTIVE_FLUSHING.key)
             add(BooleanSetting.ENABLE_BUFFER_HISTORY.key)
-            add(BooleanSetting.ENABLE_GPU_BUFFER_READBACK.key)
             add(BooleanSetting.USE_OPTIMIZED_VERTEX_BUFFERS.key)
 
             add(HeaderSetting(R.string.hacks))
@@ -1289,17 +1288,14 @@ class SettingsFragmentPresenter(
             add(ShortSetting.DEBUG_KNOBS.key)
             add(StringSetting.PROGRAM_ARGS.key)
 
-            if (!NativeConfig.isPerGameConfigLoaded()) {
-                add(HeaderSetting(R.string.gpu_logging_header))
-                add(ByteSetting.GPU_LOG_LEVEL.key)
-                add(BooleanSetting.GPU_LOG_VULKAN_CALLS.key)
-                add(BooleanSetting.DUMP_GUEST_SHADERS.key)
-                add(BooleanSetting.GPU_LOG_SHADER_DUMPS.key)
-                add(BooleanSetting.DUMP_MACROS.key)
-                add(BooleanSetting.GPU_LOG_MEMORY_TRACKING.key)
-                add(BooleanSetting.GPU_LOG_DRIVER_DEBUG.key)
-                add(IntSetting.GPU_LOG_RING_BUFFER_SIZE.key)
-            }
+            add(HeaderSetting(R.string.gpu_logging_header))
+            add(BooleanSetting.GPU_LOGGING_ENABLED.key)
+            add(ByteSetting.GPU_LOG_LEVEL.key)
+            add(BooleanSetting.GPU_LOG_VULKAN_CALLS.key)
+            add(BooleanSetting.GPU_LOG_SHADER_DUMPS.key)
+            add(BooleanSetting.GPU_LOG_MEMORY_TRACKING.key)
+            add(BooleanSetting.GPU_LOG_DRIVER_DEBUG.key)
+            add(IntSetting.GPU_LOG_RING_BUFFER_SIZE.key)
         }
     }
 

src/android/app/src/main/res/values-ar/strings.xml

@@ -569,6 +569,8 @@
 
     <!-- GPU Logging strings -->
     <string name="gpu_logging_header">تسجيل وحدة معالجة الرسومات</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled">تمكين تسجيل وحدة معالجة الرسومات</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled_description">تسجيل عمليات وحدة معالجة الرسومات في ملف eden_gpu.log لتصحيح أخطاء برامج تشغيل Adreno</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level">مستوى السجل</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level_description">مستوى التفاصيل لسجلات وحدة معالجة الرسومات (كلما زاد المستوى، زادت التفاصيل وزادت التكاليف الإضافية)</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_vulkan_calls">تسجيل استدعاءات واجهة برمجة تطبيقات Vulkan</string>

src/android/app/src/main/res/values-es/strings.xml

@@ -563,6 +563,8 @@
 
     <!-- GPU Logging strings -->
     <string name="gpu_logging_header">Registros de la GPU</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled">Activar los registros de la GPU</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled_description">Registra las operaciones de la GPU en eden_gpu.log para la depuración de los controladores de Adreno</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level">Nivel de registros</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level_description">Nivel de detalle de los registros de la GPU (más alto = más detalles, más sobrecarga)</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_vulkan_calls">Registros de llamadas del API de Vulkan</string>

src/android/app/src/main/res/values-fr/strings.xml

@@ -525,6 +525,7 @@
 
     <!-- GPU Logging strings -->
     <string name="gpu_logging_header">Journalisation GPU</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled">Activer la journalisation GPU</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level">Niveau de journalisation</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_vulkan_calls">Journaliser les appels API Vulkan</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_shader_dumps">Extraire les shaders</string>

src/android/app/src/main/res/values-ru/strings.xml

@@ -562,6 +562,8 @@
 
     <!-- GPU Logging strings -->
     <string name="gpu_logging_header">Ведение журнала ГПУ</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled">Включить ведение журнала ГПУ</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled_description">Записывать операции ГПУ в файл eden_gpu.log для отладки драйверов Adreno</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level">Уровень журналирования</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level_description">Уровень детализации логов ГПУ (больше значение = больше деталей, выше нагрузка)</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_vulkan_calls">Записывать вызовы Vulkan API</string>

src/android/app/src/main/res/values-uk/strings.xml

@@ -565,6 +565,8 @@
 
     <!-- GPU Logging strings -->
     <string name="gpu_logging_header">Журналювання ГП</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled">Увімкнути журналювання ГП</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled_description">Журналювати операції ГП до eden_gpu.log для зневадження драйверів Adreno</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level">Рівень журналювання</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level_description">Рівень подробиць у журналі ГП (вищий = більше подробиць, більший вплив на швидкодію)</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_vulkan_calls">Записувати виклики API Vulkan</string>

src/android/app/src/main/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml

@@ -559,6 +559,8 @@
 
     <!-- GPU Logging strings -->
     <string name="gpu_logging_header">GPU 日志</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled">启用 GPU 日志</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled_description">将 GPU 操作记录至 eden_gpu.log 以供调试 Adreno 驱动</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level">日志等级</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level_description">GPU 日志的详细级别(数值越高 = 细节越多,开销越大)</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_vulkan_calls">记录 Vulkan API 调用</string>

src/android/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml

@@ -503,8 +503,6 @@
     <string name="renderer_reactive_flushing_description">Improves rendering accuracy in some games at the cost of performance.</string>
     <string name="enable_buffer_history">Enable buffer history</string>
     <string name="enable_buffer_history_description">Enables access to previous buffer states. This option may improve rendering quality and performance consistency in some games.</string>
-    <string name="enable_gpu_buffer_readback">Enable GPU Buffer Readback</string>
-    <string name="enable_gpu_buffer_readback_description">Preserves GPU-modified buffer data by reading it back before uploads. Some games require this to render certain effects properly. May cause issues if the hardware cannot handle the additional workload.</string>
     <string name="use_optimized_vertex_buffers">Optimized Vertex Buffers</string>
     <string name="use_optimized_vertex_buffers_description">Enables optimized vertex buffer binding for improved performance. Requires Mesa 26.0+ Turnip drivers/ QCOM drivers. Will crash on older Turnip drivers (25.3 and below).</string>
 
@@ -577,16 +575,14 @@
 
     <!-- GPU Logging strings -->
     <string name="gpu_logging_header">GPU Logging</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled">Enable GPU Logging</string>
+    <string name="gpu_logging_enabled_description">Log GPU operations to eden_gpu.log for debugging Adreno drivers</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level">Log Level</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_level_description">Detail level for GPU logs (higher = more detail, more overhead)</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_vulkan_calls">Log Vulkan API Calls</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_vulkan_calls_description">Track all Vulkan API calls in ring buffer</string>
-    <string name="gpu_log_shader_dumps">Dump SPIR-V Shaders</string>
-    <string name="gpu_log_shader_dumps_description">Save recompiled SPIR-V binaries (.spv) to dump folder. Inspect with spirv-dis/spirv-cross/spirv-val.</string>
-    <string name="dump_guest_shaders">Dump Guest (Maxwell) Shaders</string>
-    <string name="dump_guest_shaders_description">Save Maxwell guest shader bytecode files (*.ash) to dump folder. Inspect with nvdisasm.</string>
-    <string name="dump_macros">Dump Maxwell Macros</string>
-    <string name="dump_macros_description">Save Maxwell macro program files (*.macro) to dump folder. Inspect with envydis.</string>
+    <string name="gpu_log_shader_dumps">Dump Shaders</string>
+    <string name="gpu_log_shader_dumps_description">Save compiled shader SPIR-V to files</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_memory_tracking">Track GPU Memory</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_memory_tracking_description">Monitor GPU memory allocations and deallocations</string>
     <string name="gpu_log_driver_debug">Driver Debug Info</string>

src/audio_core/device/device_session.cpp

@@ -22,11 +22,9 @@ using namespace std::literals;
 constexpr auto INCREMENT_TIME{5ms};
 
 DeviceSession::DeviceSession(Core::System& system_)
-    : system{system_}
-    , thread_event{system_.CreateTimingEvent("AudioOutSampleTick", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds) {
-        return ThreadFunc();
-    })}
-{}
+    : system{system_}, thread_event{Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+                           "AudioOutSampleTick",
+                           [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds) { return ThreadFunc(); })} {}
 
 DeviceSession::~DeviceSession() {
     Finalize();

src/common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ add_library(
     elf.h
     error.cpp
     error.h
+    expected.h
     fiber.cpp
     fiber.h
     fixed_point.h

src/common/expected.h

@@ -0,0 +1,986 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+// This is based on the proposed implementation of std::expected (P0323)
+// https://github.com/TartanLlama/expected/blob/master/include/tl/expected.hpp
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace Common {
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+class Expected;
+
+template <typename E>
+class Unexpected {
+public:
+    Unexpected() = delete;
+
+    constexpr explicit Unexpected(const E& e) : m_val{e} {}
+
+    constexpr explicit Unexpected(E&& e) : m_val{std::move(e)} {}
+
+    constexpr E& value() & {
+        return m_val;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const E& value() const& {
+        return m_val;
+    }
+
+    constexpr E&& value() && {
+        return std::move(m_val);
+    }
+
+    constexpr const E&& value() const&& {
+        return std::move(m_val);
+    }
+
+private:
+    E m_val;
+};
+
+template <typename E>
+constexpr auto operator<=>(const Unexpected<E>& lhs, const Unexpected<E>& rhs) {
+    return lhs.value() <=> rhs.value();
+}
+
+struct unexpect_t {
+    constexpr explicit unexpect_t() = default;
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+struct no_init_t {
+    constexpr explicit no_init_t() = default;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This specialization is for when T is not trivially destructible,
+ * so the destructor must be called on destruction of `expected'
+ * Additionally, this requires E to be trivially destructible
+ */
+template <typename T, typename E, bool = std::is_trivially_destructible_v<T>>
+    requires std::is_trivially_destructible_v<E>
+struct expected_storage_base {
+    constexpr expected_storage_base() : m_val{T{}}, m_has_val{true} {}
+
+    constexpr expected_storage_base(no_init_t) : m_has_val{false} {}
+
+    template <typename... Args, std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<T, Args&&...>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr expected_storage_base(std::in_place_t, Args&&... args)
+        : m_val{std::forward<Args>(args)...}, m_has_val{true} {}
+
+    template <typename U, typename... Args,
+              std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<T, std::initializer_list<U>&, Args&&...>>* =
+                  nullptr>
+    constexpr expected_storage_base(std::in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
+        : m_val{il, std::forward<Args>(args)...}, m_has_val{true} {}
+
+    template <typename... Args, std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<E, Args&&...>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t, Args&&... args)
+        : m_unexpect{std::forward<Args>(args)...}, m_has_val{false} {}
+
+    template <typename U, typename... Args,
+              std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<E, std::initializer_list<U>&, Args&&...>>* =
+                  nullptr>
+    constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t, std::initializer_list<U> il,
+                                             Args&&... args)
+        : m_unexpect{il, std::forward<Args>(args)...}, m_has_val{false} {}
+
+    ~expected_storage_base() {
+        if (m_has_val) {
+            m_val.~T();
+        }
+    }
+
+    union {
+        T m_val;
+        Unexpected<E> m_unexpect;
+    };
+
+    bool m_has_val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This specialization is for when T is trivially destructible,
+ * so the destructor of `expected` can be trivial
+ * Additionally, this requires E to be trivially destructible
+ */
+template <typename T, typename E>
+    requires std::is_trivially_destructible_v<E>
+struct expected_storage_base<T, E, true> {
+    constexpr expected_storage_base() : m_val{T{}}, m_has_val{true} {}
+
+    constexpr expected_storage_base(no_init_t) : m_has_val{false} {}
+
+    template <typename... Args, std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<T, Args&&...>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr expected_storage_base(std::in_place_t, Args&&... args)
+        : m_val{std::forward<Args>(args)...}, m_has_val{true} {}
+
+    template <typename U, typename... Args,
+              std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<T, std::initializer_list<U>&, Args&&...>>* =
+                  nullptr>
+    constexpr expected_storage_base(std::in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
+        : m_val{il, std::forward<Args>(args)...}, m_has_val{true} {}
+
+    template <typename... Args, std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<E, Args&&...>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t, Args&&... args)
+        : m_unexpect{std::forward<Args>(args)...}, m_has_val{false} {}
+
+    template <typename U, typename... Args,
+              std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<E, std::initializer_list<U>&, Args&&...>>* =
+                  nullptr>
+    constexpr explicit expected_storage_base(unexpect_t, std::initializer_list<U> il,
+                                             Args&&... args)
+        : m_unexpect{il, std::forward<Args>(args)...}, m_has_val{false} {}
+
+    ~expected_storage_base() = default;
+
+    union {
+        T m_val;
+        Unexpected<E> m_unexpect;
+    };
+
+    bool m_has_val;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+struct expected_operations_base : expected_storage_base<T, E> {
+    using expected_storage_base<T, E>::expected_storage_base;
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    void construct(Args&&... args) noexcept {
+        new (std::addressof(this->m_val)) T{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+        this->m_has_val = true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename Rhs>
+    void construct_with(Rhs&& rhs) noexcept {
+        new (std::addressof(this->m_val)) T{std::forward<Rhs>(rhs).get()};
+        this->m_has_val = true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    void construct_error(Args&&... args) noexcept {
+        new (std::addressof(this->m_unexpect)) Unexpected<E>{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+        this->m_has_val = false;
+    }
+
+    void assign(const expected_operations_base& rhs) noexcept {
+        if (!this->m_has_val && rhs.m_has_val) {
+            geterr().~Unexpected<E>();
+            construct(rhs.get());
+        } else {
+            assign_common(rhs);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void assign(expected_operations_base&& rhs) noexcept {
+        if (!this->m_has_val && rhs.m_has_val) {
+            geterr().~Unexpected<E>();
+            construct(std::move(rhs).get());
+        } else {
+            assign_common(rhs);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename Rhs>
+    void assign_common(Rhs&& rhs) {
+        if (this->m_has_val) {
+            if (rhs.m_has_val) {
+                get() = std::forward<Rhs>(rhs).get();
+            } else {
+                destroy_val();
+                construct_error(std::forward<Rhs>(rhs).geterr());
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (!rhs.m_has_val) {
+                geterr() = std::forward<Rhs>(rhs).geterr();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool has_value() const {
+        return this->m_has_val;
+    }
+
+    constexpr T& get() & {
+        return this->m_val;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const T& get() const& {
+        return this->m_val;
+    }
+
+    constexpr T&& get() && {
+        return std::move(this->m_val);
+    }
+
+    constexpr const T&& get() const&& {
+        return std::move(this->m_val);
+    }
+
+    constexpr Unexpected<E>& geterr() & {
+        return this->m_unexpect;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const Unexpected<E>& geterr() const& {
+        return this->m_unexpect;
+    }
+
+    constexpr Unexpected<E>&& geterr() && {
+        return std::move(this->m_unexpect);
+    }
+
+    constexpr const Unexpected<E>&& geterr() const&& {
+        return std::move(this->m_unexpect);
+    }
+
+    constexpr void destroy_val() {
+        get().~T();
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * This manages conditionally having a trivial copy constructor
+ * This specialization is for when T is trivially copy constructible
+ * Additionally, this requires E to be trivially copy constructible
+ */
+template <typename T, typename E, bool = std::is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<T>>
+    requires std::is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<E>
+struct expected_copy_base : expected_operations_base<T, E> {
+    using expected_operations_base<T, E>::expected_operations_base;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This specialization is for when T is not trivially copy constructible
+ * Additionally, this requires E to be trivially copy constructible
+ */
+template <typename T, typename E>
+    requires std::is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<E>
+struct expected_copy_base<T, E, false> : expected_operations_base<T, E> {
+    using expected_operations_base<T, E>::expected_operations_base;
+
+    expected_copy_base() = default;
+
+    expected_copy_base(const expected_copy_base& rhs)
+        : expected_operations_base<T, E>{no_init_t{}} {
+        if (rhs.has_value()) {
+            this->construct_with(rhs);
+        } else {
+            this->construct_error(rhs.geterr());
+        }
+    }
+
+    expected_copy_base(expected_copy_base&&) = default;
+
+    expected_copy_base& operator=(const expected_copy_base&) = default;
+
+    expected_copy_base& operator=(expected_copy_base&&) = default;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This manages conditionally having a trivial move constructor
+ * This specialization is for when T is trivially move constructible
+ * Additionally, this requires E to be trivially move constructible
+ */
+template <typename T, typename E, bool = std::is_trivially_move_constructible_v<T>>
+    requires std::is_trivially_move_constructible_v<E>
+struct expected_move_base : expected_copy_base<T, E> {
+    using expected_copy_base<T, E>::expected_copy_base;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This specialization is for when T is not trivially move constructible
+ * Additionally, this requires E to be trivially move constructible
+ */
+template <typename T, typename E>
+    requires std::is_trivially_move_constructible_v<E>
+struct expected_move_base<T, E, false> : expected_copy_base<T, E> {
+    using expected_copy_base<T, E>::expected_copy_base;
+
+    expected_move_base() = default;
+
+    expected_move_base(const expected_move_base&) = default;
+
+    expected_move_base(expected_move_base&& rhs) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<T>)
+        : expected_copy_base<T, E>{no_init_t{}} {
+        if (rhs.has_value()) {
+            this->construct_with(std::move(rhs));
+        } else {
+            this->construct_error(std::move(rhs.geterr()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    expected_move_base& operator=(const expected_move_base&) = default;
+
+    expected_move_base& operator=(expected_move_base&&) = default;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This manages conditionally having a trivial copy assignment operator
+ * This specialization is for when T is trivially copy assignable
+ * Additionally, this requires E to be trivially copy assignable
+ */
+template <typename T, typename E,
+          bool = std::conjunction_v<std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<T>,
+                                    std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T>,
+                                    std::is_trivially_destructible<T>>>
+    requires std::conjunction_v<std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<E>,
+                                std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<E>,
+                                std::is_trivially_destructible<E>>
+struct expected_copy_assign_base : expected_move_base<T, E> {
+    using expected_move_base<T, E>::expected_move_base;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This specialization is for when T is not trivially copy assignable
+ * Additionally, this requires E to be trivially copy assignable
+ */
+template <typename T, typename E>
+    requires std::conjunction_v<std::is_trivially_copy_assignable<E>,
+                                std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<E>,
+                                std::is_trivially_destructible<E>>
+struct expected_copy_assign_base<T, E, false> : expected_move_base<T, E> {
+    using expected_move_base<T, E>::expected_move_base;
+
+    expected_copy_assign_base() = default;
+
+    expected_copy_assign_base(const expected_copy_assign_base&) = default;
+
+    expected_copy_assign_base(expected_copy_assign_base&&) = default;
+
+    expected_copy_assign_base& operator=(const expected_copy_assign_base& rhs) {
+        this->assign(rhs);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    expected_copy_assign_base& operator=(expected_copy_assign_base&&) = default;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This manages conditionally having a trivial move assignment operator
+ * This specialization is for when T is trivially move assignable
+ * Additionally, this requires E to be trivially move assignable
+ */
+template <typename T, typename E,
+          bool = std::conjunction_v<std::is_trivially_move_assignable<T>,
+                                    std::is_trivially_move_constructible<T>,
+                                    std::is_trivially_destructible<T>>>
+    requires std::conjunction_v<std::is_trivially_move_assignable<E>,
+                                std::is_trivially_move_constructible<E>,
+                                std::is_trivially_destructible<E>>
+struct expected_move_assign_base : expected_copy_assign_base<T, E> {
+    using expected_copy_assign_base<T, E>::expected_copy_assign_base;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This specialization is for when T is not trivially move assignable
+ * Additionally, this requires E to be trivially move assignable
+ */
+template <typename T, typename E>
+    requires std::conjunction_v<std::is_trivially_move_assignable<E>,
+                                std::is_trivially_move_constructible<E>,
+                                std::is_trivially_destructible<E>>
+struct expected_move_assign_base<T, E, false> : expected_copy_assign_base<T, E> {
+    using expected_copy_assign_base<T, E>::expected_copy_assign_base;
+
+    expected_move_assign_base() = default;
+
+    expected_move_assign_base(const expected_move_assign_base&) = default;
+
+    expected_move_assign_base(expected_move_assign_base&&) = default;
+
+    expected_move_assign_base& operator=(const expected_move_assign_base&) = default;
+
+    expected_move_assign_base& operator=(expected_move_assign_base&& rhs) noexcept(
+        std::conjunction_v<std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>,
+                           std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>>) {
+        this->assign(std::move(rhs));
+        return *this;
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * expected_delete_ctor_base will conditionally delete copy and move constructors
+ * depending on whether T is copy/move constructible
+ * Additionally, this requires E to be copy/move constructible
+ */
+template <typename T, typename E, bool EnableCopy = std::is_copy_constructible_v<T>,
+          bool EnableMove = std::is_move_constructible_v<T>>
+    requires std::conjunction_v<std::is_copy_constructible<E>, std::is_move_constructible<E>>
+struct expected_delete_ctor_base {
+    expected_delete_ctor_base() = default;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base(const expected_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base(expected_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base& operator=(const expected_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base& operator=(expected_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+    requires std::conjunction_v<std::is_copy_constructible<E>, std::is_move_constructible<E>>
+struct expected_delete_ctor_base<T, E, true, false> {
+    expected_delete_ctor_base() = default;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base(const expected_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base(expected_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = delete;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base& operator=(const expected_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base& operator=(expected_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+    requires std::conjunction_v<std::is_copy_constructible<E>, std::is_move_constructible<E>>
+struct expected_delete_ctor_base<T, E, false, true> {
+    expected_delete_ctor_base() = default;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base(const expected_delete_ctor_base&) = delete;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base(expected_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base& operator=(const expected_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base& operator=(expected_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+    requires std::conjunction_v<std::is_copy_constructible<E>, std::is_move_constructible<E>>
+struct expected_delete_ctor_base<T, E, false, false> {
+    expected_delete_ctor_base() = default;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base(const expected_delete_ctor_base&) = delete;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base(expected_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = delete;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base& operator=(const expected_delete_ctor_base&) = default;
+    expected_delete_ctor_base& operator=(expected_delete_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+};
+
+/**
+ * expected_delete_assign_base will conditionally delete copy and move assignment operators
+ * depending on whether T is copy/move constructible + assignable
+ * Additionally, this requires E to be copy/move constructible + assignable
+ */
+template <
+    typename T, typename E,
+    bool EnableCopy = std::conjunction_v<std::is_copy_constructible<T>, std::is_copy_assignable<T>>,
+    bool EnableMove = std::conjunction_v<std::is_move_constructible<T>, std::is_move_assignable<T>>>
+    requires std::conjunction_v<std::is_copy_constructible<E>, std::is_move_constructible<E>,
+                                std::is_copy_assignable<E>, std::is_move_assignable<E>>
+struct expected_delete_assign_base {
+    expected_delete_assign_base() = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base(const expected_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base(expected_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base& operator=(const expected_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base& operator=(expected_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+    requires std::conjunction_v<std::is_copy_constructible<E>, std::is_move_constructible<E>,
+                                std::is_copy_assignable<E>, std::is_move_assignable<E>>
+struct expected_delete_assign_base<T, E, true, false> {
+    expected_delete_assign_base() = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base(const expected_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base(expected_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base& operator=(const expected_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base& operator=(expected_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = delete;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+    requires std::conjunction_v<std::is_copy_constructible<E>, std::is_move_constructible<E>,
+                                std::is_copy_assignable<E>, std::is_move_assignable<E>>
+struct expected_delete_assign_base<T, E, false, true> {
+    expected_delete_assign_base() = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base(const expected_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base(expected_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base& operator=(const expected_delete_assign_base&) = delete;
+    expected_delete_assign_base& operator=(expected_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+    requires std::conjunction_v<std::is_copy_constructible<E>, std::is_move_constructible<E>,
+                                std::is_copy_assignable<E>, std::is_move_assignable<E>>
+struct expected_delete_assign_base<T, E, false, false> {
+    expected_delete_assign_base() = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base(const expected_delete_assign_base&) = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base(expected_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = default;
+    expected_delete_assign_base& operator=(const expected_delete_assign_base&) = delete;
+    expected_delete_assign_base& operator=(expected_delete_assign_base&&) noexcept = delete;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This is needed to be able to construct the expected_default_ctor_base which follows,
+ * while still conditionally deleting the default constructor.
+ */
+struct default_constructor_tag {
+    constexpr explicit default_constructor_tag() = default;
+};
+
+/**
+ * expected_default_ctor_base will ensure that expected
+ * has a deleted default constructor if T is not default constructible
+ * This specialization is for when T is default constructible
+ */
+template <typename T, typename E, bool Enable = std::is_default_constructible_v<T>>
+struct expected_default_ctor_base {
+    constexpr expected_default_ctor_base() noexcept = default;
+    constexpr expected_default_ctor_base(expected_default_ctor_base const&) noexcept = default;
+    constexpr expected_default_ctor_base(expected_default_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+    expected_default_ctor_base& operator=(expected_default_ctor_base const&) noexcept = default;
+    expected_default_ctor_base& operator=(expected_default_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    constexpr explicit expected_default_ctor_base(default_constructor_tag) {}
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+struct expected_default_ctor_base<T, E, false> {
+    constexpr expected_default_ctor_base() noexcept = delete;
+    constexpr expected_default_ctor_base(expected_default_ctor_base const&) noexcept = default;
+    constexpr expected_default_ctor_base(expected_default_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+    expected_default_ctor_base& operator=(expected_default_ctor_base const&) noexcept = default;
+    expected_default_ctor_base& operator=(expected_default_ctor_base&&) noexcept = default;
+
+    constexpr explicit expected_default_ctor_base(default_constructor_tag) {}
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename E, typename U>
+using expected_enable_forward_value =
+    std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<T, U&&> &&
+                     !std::is_same_v<std::remove_cvref_t<U>, std::in_place_t> &&
+                     !std::is_same_v<Expected<T, E>, std::remove_cvref_t<U>> &&
+                     !std::is_same_v<Unexpected<E>, std::remove_cvref_t<U>>>;
+
+template <typename T, typename E, typename U, typename G, typename UR, typename GR>
+using expected_enable_from_other = std::enable_if_t<
+    std::is_constructible_v<T, UR> && std::is_constructible_v<E, GR> &&
+    !std::is_constructible_v<T, Expected<U, G>&> && !std::is_constructible_v<T, Expected<U, G>&&> &&
+    !std::is_constructible_v<T, const Expected<U, G>&> &&
+    !std::is_constructible_v<T, const Expected<U, G>&&> &&
+    !std::is_convertible_v<Expected<U, G>&, T> && !std::is_convertible_v<Expected<U, G>&&, T> &&
+    !std::is_convertible_v<const Expected<U, G>&, T> &&
+    !std::is_convertible_v<const Expected<U, G>&&, T>>;
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+class Expected : private detail::expected_move_assign_base<T, E>,
+                 private detail::expected_delete_ctor_base<T, E>,
+                 private detail::expected_delete_assign_base<T, E>,
+                 private detail::expected_default_ctor_base<T, E> {
+public:
+    using value_type = T;
+    using error_type = E;
+    using unexpected_type = Unexpected<E>;
+
+    constexpr Expected() = default;
+    constexpr Expected(const Expected&) = default;
+    constexpr Expected(Expected&&) = default;
+    Expected& operator=(const Expected&) = default;
+    Expected& operator=(Expected&&) = default;
+
+    template <typename... Args, std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<T, Args&&...>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr Expected(std::in_place_t, Args&&... args)
+        : impl_base{std::in_place, std::forward<Args>(args)...},
+          ctor_base{detail::default_constructor_tag{}} {}
+
+    template <typename U, typename... Args,
+              std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<T, std::initializer_list<U>&, Args&&...>>* =
+                  nullptr>
+    constexpr Expected(std::in_place_t, std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
+        : impl_base{std::in_place, il, std::forward<Args>(args)...},
+          ctor_base{detail::default_constructor_tag{}} {}
+
+    template <typename G = E, std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<E, const G&>>* = nullptr,
+              std::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible_v<const G&, E>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr explicit Expected(const Unexpected<G>& e)
+        : impl_base{unexpect_t{}, e.value()}, ctor_base{detail::default_constructor_tag{}} {}
+
+    template <typename G = E, std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<E, const G&>>* = nullptr,
+              std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<const G&, E>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr Expected(Unexpected<G> const& e)
+        : impl_base{unexpect_t{}, e.value()}, ctor_base{detail::default_constructor_tag{}} {}
+
+    template <typename G = E, std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<E, G&&>>* = nullptr,
+              std::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible_v<G&&, E>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr explicit Expected(Unexpected<G>&& e) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<E, G&&>)
+        : impl_base{unexpect_t{}, std::move(e.value())}, ctor_base{
+                                                             detail::default_constructor_tag{}} {}
+
+    template <typename G = E, std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<E, G&&>>* = nullptr,
+              std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<G&&, E>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr Expected(Unexpected<G>&& e) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<E, G&&>)
+        : impl_base{unexpect_t{}, std::move(e.value())}, ctor_base{
+                                                             detail::default_constructor_tag{}} {}
+
+    template <typename... Args, std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<E, Args&&...>>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr explicit Expected(unexpect_t, Args&&... args)
+        : impl_base{unexpect_t{}, std::forward<Args>(args)...},
+          ctor_base{detail::default_constructor_tag{}} {}
+
+    template <typename U, typename... Args,
+              std::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible_v<E, std::initializer_list<U>&, Args&&...>>* =
+                  nullptr>
+    constexpr explicit Expected(unexpect_t, std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args)
+        : impl_base{unexpect_t{}, il, std::forward<Args>(args)...},
+          ctor_base{detail::default_constructor_tag{}} {}
+
+    template <typename U, typename G,
+              std::enable_if_t<!(std::is_convertible_v<U const&, T> &&
+                                 std::is_convertible_v<G const&, E>)>* = nullptr,
+              detail::expected_enable_from_other<T, E, U, G, const U&, const G&>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr explicit Expected(const Expected<U, G>& rhs)
+        : ctor_base{detail::default_constructor_tag{}} {
+        if (rhs.has_value()) {
+            this->construct(*rhs);
+        } else {
+            this->construct_error(rhs.error());
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, typename G,
+              std::enable_if_t<(std::is_convertible_v<U const&, T> &&
+                                std::is_convertible_v<G const&, E>)>* = nullptr,
+              detail::expected_enable_from_other<T, E, U, G, const U&, const G&>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr Expected(const Expected<U, G>& rhs) : ctor_base{detail::default_constructor_tag{}} {
+        if (rhs.has_value()) {
+            this->construct(*rhs);
+        } else {
+            this->construct_error(rhs.error());
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, typename G,
+              std::enable_if_t<!(std::is_convertible_v<U&&, T> && std::is_convertible_v<G&&, E>)>* =
+                  nullptr,
+              detail::expected_enable_from_other<T, E, U, G, U&&, G&&>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr explicit Expected(Expected<U, G>&& rhs)
+        : ctor_base{detail::default_constructor_tag{}} {
+        if (rhs.has_value()) {
+            this->construct(std::move(*rhs));
+        } else {
+            this->construct_error(std::move(rhs.error()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, typename G,
+              std::enable_if_t<(std::is_convertible_v<U&&, T> && std::is_convertible_v<G&&, E>)>* =
+                  nullptr,
+              detail::expected_enable_from_other<T, E, U, G, U&&, G&&>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr Expected(Expected<U, G>&& rhs) : ctor_base{detail::default_constructor_tag{}} {
+        if (rhs.has_value()) {
+            this->construct(std::move(*rhs));
+        } else {
+            this->construct_error(std::move(rhs.error()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_convertible_v<U&&, T>>* = nullptr,
+              detail::expected_enable_forward_value<T, E, U>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr explicit Expected(U&& v) : Expected{std::in_place, std::forward<U>(v)} {}
+
+    template <typename U = T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_convertible_v<U&&, T>>* = nullptr,
+              detail::expected_enable_forward_value<T, E, U>* = nullptr>
+    constexpr Expected(U&& v) : Expected{std::in_place, std::forward<U>(v)} {}
+
+    template <typename U = T, typename G = T,
+              std::enable_if_t<std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, U&&>>* = nullptr,
+              std::enable_if_t<(
+                  !std::is_same_v<Expected<T, E>, std::remove_cvref_t<U>> &&
+                  !std::conjunction_v<std::is_scalar<T>, std::is_same<T, std::remove_cvref_t<U>>> &&
+                  std::is_constructible_v<T, U> && std::is_assignable_v<G&, U> &&
+                  std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<E>)>* = nullptr>
+    Expected& operator=(U&& v) {
+        if (has_value()) {
+            val() = std::forward<U>(v);
+        } else {
+            err().~Unexpected<E>();
+            new (valptr()) T{std::forward<U>(v)};
+            this->m_has_val = true;
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T, typename G = T,
+              std::enable_if_t<!std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, U&&>>* = nullptr,
+              std::enable_if_t<(
+                  !std::is_same_v<Expected<T, E>, std::remove_cvref_t<U>> &&
+                  !std::conjunction_v<std::is_scalar<T>, std::is_same<T, std::remove_cvref_t<U>>> &&
+                  std::is_constructible_v<T, U> && std::is_assignable_v<G&, U> &&
+                  std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<E>)>* = nullptr>
+    Expected& operator=(U&& v) {
+        if (has_value()) {
+            val() = std::forward<U>(v);
+        } else {
+            auto tmp = std::move(err());
+            err().~Unexpected<E>();
+            new (valptr()) T{std::forward<U>(v)};
+            this->m_has_val = true;
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename G = E, std::enable_if_t<std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<G> &&
+                                               std::is_assignable_v<G&, G>>* = nullptr>
+    Expected& operator=(const Unexpected<G>& rhs) {
+        if (!has_value()) {
+            err() = rhs;
+        } else {
+            this->destroy_val();
+            new (errptr()) Unexpected<E>{rhs};
+            this->m_has_val = false;
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename G = E, std::enable_if_t<std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<G> &&
+                                               std::is_move_assignable_v<G>>* = nullptr>
+    Expected& operator=(Unexpected<G>&& rhs) noexcept {
+        if (!has_value()) {
+            err() = std::move(rhs);
+        } else {
+            this->destroy_val();
+            new (errptr()) Unexpected<E>{std::move(rhs)};
+            this->m_has_val = false;
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args,
+              std::enable_if_t<std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, Args&&...>>* = nullptr>
+    void emplace(Args&&... args) {
+        if (has_value()) {
+            val() = T{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+        } else {
+            err().~Unexpected<E>();
+            new (valptr()) T{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+            this->m_has_val = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args,
+              std::enable_if_t<!std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, Args&&...>>* = nullptr>
+    void emplace(Args&&... args) {
+        if (has_value()) {
+            val() = T{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+        } else {
+            auto tmp = std::move(err());
+            err().~Unexpected<E>();
+            new (valptr()) T{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+            this->m_has_val = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, typename... Args,
+              std::enable_if_t<std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, std::initializer_list<U>&,
+                                                               Args&&...>>* = nullptr>
+    void emplace(std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args) {
+        if (has_value()) {
+            T t{il, std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+            val() = std::move(t);
+        } else {
+            err().~Unexpected<E>();
+            new (valptr()) T{il, std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+            this->m_has_val = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename U, typename... Args,
+              std::enable_if_t<!std::is_nothrow_constructible_v<T, std::initializer_list<U>&,
+                                                                Args&&...>>* = nullptr>
+    void emplace(std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args) {
+        if (has_value()) {
+            T t{il, std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+            val() = std::move(t);
+        } else {
+            auto tmp = std::move(err());
+            err().~Unexpected<E>();
+            new (valptr()) T{il, std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+            this->m_has_val = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    constexpr T* operator->() {
+        return valptr();
+    }
+
+    constexpr const T* operator->() const {
+        return valptr();
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    constexpr U& operator*() & {
+        return val();
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    constexpr const U& operator*() const& {
+        return val();
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    constexpr U&& operator*() && {
+        return std::move(val());
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    constexpr const U&& operator*() const&& {
+        return std::move(val());
+    }
+
+    constexpr bool has_value() const noexcept {
+        return this->m_has_val;
+    }
+
+    constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
+        return this->m_has_val;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    constexpr U& value() & {
+        return val();
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    constexpr const U& value() const& {
+        return val();
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    constexpr U&& value() && {
+        return std::move(val());
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    constexpr const U&& value() const&& {
+        return std::move(val());
+    }
+
+    constexpr E& error() & {
+        return err().value();
+    }
+
+    constexpr const E& error() const& {
+        return err().value();
+    }
+
+    constexpr E&& error() && {
+        return std::move(err().value());
+    }
+
+    constexpr const E&& error() const&& {
+        return std::move(err().value());
+    }
+
+    template <typename U>
+    constexpr T value_or(U&& v) const& {
+        static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible_v<T> && std::is_convertible_v<U&&, T>,
+                      "T must be copy-constructible and convertible from U&&");
+        return bool(*this) ? **this : static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(v));
+    }
+
+    template <typename U>
+    constexpr T value_or(U&& v) && {
+        static_assert(std::is_move_constructible_v<T> && std::is_convertible_v<U&&, T>,
+                      "T must be move-constructible and convertible from U&&");
+        return bool(*this) ? std::move(**this) : static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(v));
+    }
+
+private:
+    static_assert(!std::is_reference_v<T>, "T must not be a reference");
+    static_assert(!std::is_same_v<T, std::remove_cv_t<std::in_place_t>>,
+                  "T must not be std::in_place_t");
+    static_assert(!std::is_same_v<T, std::remove_cv_t<unexpect_t>>, "T must not be unexpect_t");
+    static_assert(!std::is_same_v<T, std::remove_cv_t<Unexpected<E>>>,
+                  "T must not be Unexpected<E>");
+    static_assert(!std::is_reference_v<E>, "E must not be a reference");
+
+    T* valptr() {
+        return std::addressof(this->m_val);
+    }
+
+    const T* valptr() const {
+        return std::addressof(this->m_val);
+    }
+
+    Unexpected<E>* errptr() {
+        return std::addressof(this->m_unexpect);
+    }
+
+    const Unexpected<E>* errptr() const {
+        return std::addressof(this->m_unexpect);
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    constexpr U& val() {
+        return this->m_val;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    constexpr const U& val() const {
+        return this->m_val;
+    }
+
+    constexpr Unexpected<E>& err() {
+        return this->m_unexpect;
+    }
+
+    constexpr const Unexpected<E>& err() const {
+        return this->m_unexpect;
+    }
+
+    using impl_base = detail::expected_move_assign_base<T, E>;
+    using ctor_base = detail::expected_default_ctor_base<T, E>;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename E, typename U, typename F>
+constexpr bool operator==(const Expected<T, E>& lhs, const Expected<U, F>& rhs) {
+    return (lhs.has_value() != rhs.has_value())
+               ? false
+               : (!lhs.has_value() ? lhs.error() == rhs.error() : *lhs == *rhs);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename E, typename U, typename F>
+constexpr bool operator!=(const Expected<T, E>& lhs, const Expected<U, F>& rhs) {
+    return !operator==(lhs, rhs);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename E, typename U>
+constexpr bool operator==(const Expected<T, E>& x, const U& v) {
+    return x.has_value() ? *x == v : false;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename E, typename U>
+constexpr bool operator==(const U& v, const Expected<T, E>& x) {
+    return x.has_value() ? *x == v : false;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename E, typename U>
+constexpr bool operator!=(const Expected<T, E>& x, const U& v) {
+    return !operator==(x, v);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename E, typename U>
+constexpr bool operator!=(const U& v, const Expected<T, E>& x) {
+    return !operator==(v, x);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+constexpr bool operator==(const Expected<T, E>& x, const Unexpected<E>& e) {
+    return x.has_value() ? false : x.error() == e.value();
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+constexpr bool operator==(const Unexpected<E>& e, const Expected<T, E>& x) {
+    return x.has_value() ? false : x.error() == e.value();
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+constexpr bool operator!=(const Expected<T, E>& x, const Unexpected<E>& e) {
+    return !operator==(x, e);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename E>
+constexpr bool operator!=(const Unexpected<E>& e, const Expected<T, E>& x) {
+    return !operator==(e, x);
+}
+
+} // namespace Common

src/common/settings.cpp

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ SWITCHABLE(CpuBackend, true);
 SWITCHABLE(CpuAccuracy, true);
 SWITCHABLE(FullscreenMode, true);
 SWITCHABLE(GpuAccuracy, true);
+SWITCHABLE(GpuLogLevel, true);
 SWITCHABLE(Language, true);
 SWITCHABLE(MemoryLayout, true);
 SWITCHABLE(NvdecEmulation, false);
@@ -212,16 +213,6 @@ bool IsNceEnabled() {
     return is_nce_enabled;
 }
 
-static u64 current_program_id = 0;
-
-void SetCurrentProgramID(u64 program_id) {
-    current_program_id = program_id;
-}
-
-u64 GetCurrentProgramID() {
-    return current_program_id;
-}
-
 bool IsDockedMode() {
     return values.use_docked_mode.GetValue() == Settings::ConsoleMode::Docked;
 }

src/common/settings.h

@@ -573,13 +573,6 @@ struct Values {
         false,
 #endif
         "rescale_hack", Category::RendererHacks};
-    SwitchableSetting<bool> enable_gpu_buffer_readback{linkage,
-                                                       false,
-                                                       "enable_gpu_buffer_readback",
-                                                       Category::RendererAdvanced,
-                                                       Specialization::Default,
-                                                       true,
-                                                       true};
 
     SwitchableSetting<bool> use_asynchronous_shaders{linkage, false, "use_asynchronous_shaders",
                                                      Category::RendererHacks};
@@ -795,8 +788,8 @@ struct Values {
                                                 false};  // runtime_modifiable_ — startup-only
     Setting<bool> dump_exefs{linkage, false, "dump_exefs", Category::Debugging};
     Setting<bool> dump_nso{linkage, false, "dump_nso", Category::Debugging};
-    Setting<bool> dump_guest_shaders{
-                               linkage, false, "dump_guest_shaders", Category::DebuggingGraphics, Specialization::Default,
+    Setting<bool> dump_shaders{
+                               linkage, false, "dump_shaders", Category::DebuggingGraphics, Specialization::Default,
                                false};
     Setting<bool> dump_macros{
                               linkage, false, "dump_macros", Category::DebuggingGraphics, Specialization::Default, false};
@@ -820,8 +813,9 @@ struct Values {
     Setting<bool> disable_web_applet{linkage, true, "disable_web_applet", Category::Debugging};
 
     // GPU Logging
-    Setting<GpuLogLevel> gpu_log_level{linkage, GpuLogLevel::Off, "gpu_log_level",
-                                       Category::Debugging};
+    Setting<bool> gpu_logging_enabled{linkage, false, "gpu_logging_enabled", Category::Debugging};
+    SwitchableSetting<GpuLogLevel> gpu_log_level{linkage, GpuLogLevel::Standard, "gpu_log_level",
+                                                   Category::Debugging};
     Setting<bool> gpu_log_vulkan_calls{linkage, true, "gpu_log_vulkan_calls", Category::Debugging};
     Setting<bool> gpu_log_shader_dumps{linkage, false, "gpu_log_shader_dumps", Category::Debugging};
     Setting<bool> gpu_log_memory_tracking{linkage, true, "gpu_log_memory_tracking",
@@ -882,9 +876,6 @@ bool IsFastmemEnabled();
 void SetNceEnabled(bool is_64bit);
 bool IsNceEnabled();
 
-void SetCurrentProgramID(u64 program_id);
-u64 GetCurrentProgramID();
-
 bool IsOpenGL();
 
 bool IsDockedMode();

src/core/core.cpp

@@ -326,9 +326,6 @@ struct System::Impl {
 
         LOG_INFO(Core, "Loading {} ({:016X}) ...", name, params.program_id);
 
-        // Expose program id to dump sites and other global readers.
-        Settings::SetCurrentProgramID(params.program_id);
-
         // Track launch time for frontend launches
         LaunchTimestampCache::SaveLaunchTimestamp(params.program_id);
 
@@ -350,7 +347,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
 
         // Register with applet manager
         // All threads are started, begin main process execution, now that we're in the clear
-        applet_manager.CreateAndInsertByFrontendAppletParameters(std::move(process), params);
+        applet_manager.CreateAndInsertByFrontendAppletParameters(std::make_unique<Service::Process>(*std::move(process)), params);
 
         if (Settings::values.gamecard_inserted) {
             if (Settings::values.gamecard_current_game) {
@@ -969,8 +966,4 @@ void System::ApplySettings() {
     }
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<Core::Timing::EventType> System::CreateTimingEvent(std::string name, Core::Timing::TimedCallback&& callback) {
-    return std::make_shared<Core::Timing::EventType>(std::move(callback), std::move(name));
-}
-
 } // namespace Core

src/core/core.h

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs/vfs_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/os/event.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/kernel_helpers.h"
-#include "core/core_timing.h"
 
 namespace Core::Frontend {
 class EmuWindow;
@@ -439,9 +438,6 @@ public:
     /// Applies any changes to settings to this core instance.
     void ApplySettings();
 
-    std::shared_ptr<Core::Timing::EventType> CreateTimingEvent(std::string name, Core::Timing::TimedCallback&& callback);
-
-private:
     struct Impl;
     std::unique_ptr<Impl> impl;
 };

src/core/core_timing.cpp

@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ namespace Core::Timing {
 
 constexpr s64 MAX_SLICE_LENGTH = 10000;
 
+std::shared_ptr<EventType> CreateEvent(std::string name, TimedCallback&& callback) {
+    return std::make_shared<EventType>(std::move(callback), std::move(name));
+}
+
 struct CoreTiming::Event {
     s64 time;
     u64 fifo_order;
@@ -32,10 +36,11 @@ struct CoreTiming::Event {
 
     // Sort by time, unless the times are the same, in which case sort by
     // the order added to the queue
-    friend bool operator>(const Event& left, const Event& right) noexcept {
+    friend bool operator>(const Event& left, const Event& right) {
         return std::tie(left.time, left.fifo_order) > std::tie(right.time, right.fifo_order);
     }
-    friend bool operator<(const Event& left, const Event& right) noexcept {
+
+    friend bool operator<(const Event& left, const Event& right) {
         return std::tie(left.time, left.fifo_order) < std::tie(right.time, right.fifo_order);
     }
 };
@@ -55,6 +60,8 @@ void CoreTiming::Initialize(std::function<void()>&& on_thread_init_) {
             Common::SetCurrentThreadName("HostTiming");
             Common::SetCurrentThreadPriority(Common::ThreadPriority::High);
             on_thread_init();
+            has_started = true;
+
             // base frequency in MHz: 1ns (10^-9) = 1GHz (10^9)
             while (!stop_token.stop_requested()) {
                 while (!paused && !stop_token.stop_requested()) {
@@ -70,8 +77,8 @@ void CoreTiming::Initialize(std::function<void()>&& on_thread_init_) {
                         // continue.
                         wait_set = true;
                         event.Wait();
-                        wait_set = false;
                     }
+                    wait_set = false;
                 }
                 paused_set = true;
                 pause_event.Wait();
@@ -137,28 +144,39 @@ void CoreTiming::ScheduleEvent(std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_into_future,
     event.Set();
 }
 
-void CoreTiming::ScheduleLoopingEvent(std::chrono::nanoseconds start_time, std::chrono::nanoseconds resched_time, const std::shared_ptr<EventType>& event_type, bool absolute_time) {
+void CoreTiming::ScheduleLoopingEvent(std::chrono::nanoseconds start_time,
+                                      std::chrono::nanoseconds resched_time,
+                                      const std::shared_ptr<EventType>& event_type,
+                                      bool absolute_time) {
     {
         std::scoped_lock scope{basic_lock};
         const auto next_time{absolute_time ? start_time : GetGlobalTimeNs() + start_time};
-        auto h = event_queue.emplace(Event{next_time.count(), event_fifo_id++, event_type, resched_time.count()});
+
+        auto h{event_queue.emplace(
+            Event{next_time.count(), event_fifo_id++, event_type, resched_time.count()})};
         (*h).handle = h;
     }
+
     event.Set();
 }
 
-void CoreTiming::UnscheduleEvent(const std::shared_ptr<EventType>& event_type, UnscheduleEventType type) {
+void CoreTiming::UnscheduleEvent(const std::shared_ptr<EventType>& event_type,
+                                 UnscheduleEventType type) {
     {
         std::scoped_lock lk{basic_lock};
+
         std::vector<heap_t::handle_type> to_remove;
-        for (auto it = event_queue.begin(); it != event_queue.end(); it++) {
-            auto const& e = *it;
+        for (auto itr = event_queue.begin(); itr != event_queue.end(); itr++) {
+            const Event& e = *itr;
             if (e.type.lock().get() == event_type.get()) {
-                to_remove.push_back(it->handle);
+                to_remove.push_back(itr->handle);
             }
         }
-        for (auto& h : to_remove)
+
+        for (auto& h : to_remove) {
             event_queue.erase(h);
+        }
+
         event_type->sequence_number++;
     }
 
@@ -169,15 +187,16 @@ void CoreTiming::UnscheduleEvent(const std::shared_ptr<EventType>& event_type, U
 }
 
 static u64 GetNextTickCount(u64 next_ticks) {
-    if (Settings::values.use_custom_cpu_ticks.GetValue())
+    if (Settings::values.use_custom_cpu_ticks.GetValue()) {
         return Settings::values.cpu_ticks.GetValue();
+    }
     return next_ticks;
 }
 
 void CoreTiming::AddTicks(u64 ticks_to_add) {
     const u64 ticks = GetNextTickCount(ticks_to_add);
     cpu_ticks += ticks;
-    downcount -= s64(ticks);
+    downcount -= static_cast<s64>(ticks);
 }
 
 void CoreTiming::Idle() {
@@ -251,14 +270,19 @@ std::optional<s64> CoreTiming::Advance() {
                     next_time = pause_end_time + next_schedule_time;
                 }
 
-                event_queue.update(evt.handle, Event{next_time, event_fifo_id++, evt.type, next_schedule_time, evt.handle});
+                event_queue.update(evt.handle, Event{next_time, event_fifo_id++, evt.type,
+                                                     next_schedule_time, evt.handle});
             }
         }
 
         global_timer = GetGlobalTimeNs().count();
     }
 
-    return event_queue.empty() ? std::optional<s64>{} : event_queue.top().time;
+    if (!event_queue.empty()) {
+        return event_queue.top().time;
+    } else {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
 }
 
 void CoreTiming::Reset() {
@@ -269,6 +293,7 @@ void CoreTiming::Reset() {
         timer_thread.request_stop();
         timer_thread.join();
     }
+    has_started = false;
 }
 
 /// @brief Returns current time in nanoseconds.
@@ -285,4 +310,10 @@ std::chrono::microseconds CoreTiming::GetGlobalTimeUs() const noexcept {
         : std::chrono::microseconds{Common::WallClock::CPUTickToUS(cpu_ticks)};
 }
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+void CoreTiming::SetTimerResolutionNs(std::chrono::nanoseconds ns) {
+    timer_resolution_ns = ns.count();
+}
+#endif
+
 } // namespace Core::Timing

src/core/core_timing.h

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ using TimedCallback = std::function<std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
 
 /// Contains the characteristics of a particular event.
 struct EventType {
-    explicit EventType(TimedCallback&& callback_, std::string&& name_) : callback{std::move(callback_)}, name{std::move(name_)}, sequence_number{0} {}
+    explicit EventType(TimedCallback&& callback_, std::string&& name_)
+        : callback{std::move(callback_)}, name{std::move(name_)}, sequence_number{0} {}
 
     /// The event's callback function.
     TimedCallback callback;
@@ -89,6 +90,11 @@ public:
     /// Checks if core timing is running.
     bool IsRunning() const;
 
+    /// Checks if the timer thread has started.
+    bool HasStarted() const {
+        return has_started;
+    }
+
     /// Checks if there are any pending time events.
     bool HasPendingEvents() const;
 
@@ -128,29 +134,45 @@ public:
     /// Checks for events manually and returns time in nanoseconds for next event, threadsafe.
     std::optional<s64> Advance();
 
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    void SetTimerResolutionNs(std::chrono::nanoseconds ns);
+#endif
+
     struct Event;
 
     void Reset();
 
     using heap_t = boost::heap::fibonacci_heap<CoreTiming::Event, boost::heap::compare<std::greater<>>>;
-    Common::Event event{};
-    Common::Event pause_event{};
-
-    alignas(64) mutable std::mutex basic_lock;
-    alignas(64) std::mutex advance_lock;
-    alignas(64) std::atomic<bool> paused{};
-    alignas(64) std::atomic<bool> paused_set{};
-    alignas(64) std::atomic<bool> wait_set{};
-    std::function<void()> on_thread_init{};
     heap_t event_queue;
-    std::jthread timer_thread;
     s64 global_timer = 0;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    s64 timer_resolution_ns;
+#endif
     u64 event_fifo_id = 0;
     s64 pause_end_time{};
     /// Cycle timing
     u64 cpu_ticks{};
     s64 downcount{};
+    Common::Event event{};
+    Common::Event pause_event{};
+    std::function<void()> on_thread_init{};
+    std::jthread timer_thread;
+    mutable std::mutex basic_lock;
+    std::mutex advance_lock;
+    std::atomic<bool> paused{};
+    std::atomic<bool> paused_set{};
+    std::atomic<bool> wait_set{};
+    std::atomic<bool> has_started{};
     bool is_multicore{};
 };
 
+/// Creates a core timing event with the given name and callback.
+///
+/// @param name     The name of the core timing event to create.
+/// @param callback The callback to execute for the event.
+///
+/// @returns An EventType instance representing the created event.
+///
+std::shared_ptr<EventType> CreateEvent(std::string name, TimedCallback&& callback);
+
 } // namespace Core::Timing

src/core/hle/kernel/k_hardware_timer.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@ namespace Kernel {
 
 void KHardwareTimer::Initialize() {
     // Create the timing callback to register with CoreTiming.
-    m_event_type = m_kernel.System().CreateTimingEvent("KHardwareTimer::Callback", [this](s64, std::chrono::nanoseconds) {
-        this->DoTask();
-        return std::nullopt;
-    });
+    m_event_type = Core::Timing::CreateEvent("KHardwareTimer::Callback",
+                                             [this](s64, std::chrono::nanoseconds) {
+                                                 this->DoTask();
+                                                 return std::nullopt;
+                                             });
 }
 
 void KHardwareTimer::Finalize() {

src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.cpp

@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
     }
 
     void InitializePreemption(KernelCore& kernel) {
-        preemption_event = system.CreateTimingEvent("PreemptionCallback", [this, &kernel](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+        preemption_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent("PreemptionCallback", [this, &kernel](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
             {
                 KScopedSchedulerLock lock(kernel);
                 global_scheduler_context->PreemptThreads(kernel);

src/core/hle/result.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "common/bit_field.h"
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/expected.h"
 
 // All the constants in this file come from <https://switchbrew.org/wiki/Error_codes>
 

src/core/hle/service/acc/acc.cpp

@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface(ctx, ensure_token_id);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface(ensure_token_id);
     }
 
     void LoadIdTokenCacheDeprecated(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ void Module::Interface::GetProfile(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<IProfile>(ctx, system, user_id, *profile_manager);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<IProfile>(system, user_id, *profile_manager);
 }
 
 void Module::Interface::IsUserRegistrationRequestPermitted(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ void Module::Interface::GetBaasAccountManagerForApplication(HLERequestContext& c
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_ACC, "called");
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<IManagerForApplication>(ctx, system, profile_manager);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<IManagerForApplication>(system, profile_manager);
 }
 
 void Module::Interface::IsUserAccountSwitchLocked(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ void Module::Interface::GetProfileEditor(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<IProfileEditor>(ctx, system, user_id, *profile_manager);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<IProfileEditor>(system, user_id, *profile_manager);
 }
 
 void Module::Interface::GetBaasAccountAdministrator(HLERequestContext &ctx) {
@@ -1100,7 +1100,7 @@ void Module::Interface::GetBaasAccountAdministrator(HLERequestContext &ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<IAdministrator>(ctx, system, uuid);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<IAdministrator>(system, uuid);
 }
 
 void Module::Interface::ListQualifiedUsers(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ void Module::Interface::GetBaasAccountManagerForSystemService(HLERequestContext&
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<IManagerForSystemService>(ctx, system, uuid);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<IManagerForSystemService>(system, uuid);
 }
 
 void Module::Interface::StoreSaveDataThumbnailSystem(HLERequestContext& ctx) {

src/core/hle/service/acc/async_context.cpp

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ void IAsyncContext::GetSystemEvent(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, completion_event->GetReadableEvent());
+    rb.PushCopyObjects(completion_event->GetReadableEvent());
 }
 
 void IAsyncContext::Cancel(HLERequestContext& ctx) {

src/core/hle/service/am/applet.h

@@ -109,10 +109,6 @@ struct Applet {
     std::list<std::shared_ptr<Applet>> child_applets{};
     bool is_completed{};
 
-    std::shared_ptr<Applet> reserved_applet{};
-    bool unwind_after_reserved{};
-    bool is_winding{};
-
     // Self state
     bool exit_locked{};
     s32 fatal_section_count{};

src/core/hle/service/am/applet_data_broker.cpp

@@ -25,13 +25,6 @@ void AppletStorageChannel::Push(Kernel::KernelCore& kernel, std::shared_ptr<ISto
     m_event.Signal(kernel);
 }
 
-void AppletStorageChannel::Unpop(Kernel::KernelCore& kernel, std::shared_ptr<IStorage> storage) {
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
-
-    m_data.emplace_front(std::move(storage));
-    m_event.Signal(kernel);
-}
-
 Result AppletStorageChannel::Pop(Kernel::KernelCore& kernel, std::shared_ptr<IStorage>* out_storage) {
     std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
 

src/core/hle/service/am/applet_data_broker.h

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ public:
     ~AppletStorageChannel();
 
     void Push(Kernel::KernelCore& kernel, std::shared_ptr<IStorage> storage);
-    void Unpop(Kernel::KernelCore& kernel, std::shared_ptr<IStorage> storage);
     Result Pop(Kernel::KernelCore& kernel, std::shared_ptr<IStorage>* out_storage);
     Kernel::KReadableEvent* GetEvent();
 

src/core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.cpp

@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ void AppletManager::SetWindowSystem(WindowSystem* window_system) {
 
     if (Settings::values.enable_overlay && m_window_system->GetOverlayDisplayApplet() == nullptr) {
         if (auto overlay_process = CreateProcess(m_system, static_cast<u64>(AppletProgramId::OverlayDisplay), 0, 0)) {
-            auto overlay_applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(m_system, std::move(overlay_process), false);
+            auto overlay_applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(m_system, std::make_unique<Service::Process>(*std::move(overlay_process)), false);
             overlay_applet->program_id = static_cast<u64>(AppletProgramId::OverlayDisplay);
             overlay_applet->applet_id = AppletId::OverlayDisplay;
             overlay_applet->type = AppletType::OverlayApplet;

src/core/hle/service/am/frontend/applet_web_browser.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
-#include "applet_web_browser_types.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/fs/file.h"
 #include "common/fs/fs.h"
@@ -371,13 +370,16 @@ void WebBrowser::ExtractOfflineRomFS() {
 
 void WebBrowser::WebBrowserExit(WebExitReason exit_reason, std::string last_url) {
     const bool use_tlv_output =
-        (web_arg_header.shim_kind == ShimKind::Share && web_applet_version >= WebAppletVersion::Version196608)
-        || (web_arg_header.shim_kind == ShimKind::Web && web_applet_version >= WebAppletVersion::Version524288)
-        || (web_arg_header.shim_kind == ShimKind::Lhub);
+        (web_arg_header.shim_kind == ShimKind::Share &&
+         web_applet_version >= WebAppletVersion::Version196608) ||
+        (web_arg_header.shim_kind == ShimKind::Web &&
+         web_applet_version >= WebAppletVersion::Version524288) ||
+        (web_arg_header.shim_kind == ShimKind::Lhub);
 
     // https://switchbrew.org/wiki/Internet_Browser#TLVs
     if (use_tlv_output) {
-        LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "Using TLV output: exit_reason={}, last_url={}, last_url_size={}", exit_reason, last_url, last_url.size());
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "Using TLV output: exit_reason={}, last_url={}, last_url_size={}",
+                  exit_reason, last_url, last_url.size());
 
         // storage size for TLVs is 0x2000 bytes (as per switchbrew documentation)
         constexpr size_t TLV_STORAGE_SIZE = 0x2000;
@@ -598,14 +600,11 @@ void WebBrowser::ExecuteShare() {
 
 void WebBrowser::ExecuteWeb() {
     LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "Opening external URL at {}", external_url);
-    frontend.OpenExternalWebPage(external_url, [this](WebExitReason exit_reason, std::string last_url) {
-        // Offline and web applets must be explicitly exited from because they respect exit state
-        // Unlike the other web stuffs
-        if (exit_reason == WebExitReason::ExitRequested || exit_reason == WebExitReason::EndButtonPressed)
-            exit_reason = (web_arg_header.shim_kind == ShimKind::Web || web_arg_header.shim_kind == ShimKind::Offline)
-                ? WebExitReason::ExitRequested : WebExitReason::EndButtonPressed;
-        WebBrowserExit(exit_reason, last_url);
-    });
+
+    frontend.OpenExternalWebPage(external_url,
+                                 [this](WebExitReason exit_reason, std::string last_url) {
+                                     WebBrowserExit(exit_reason, last_url);
+                                 });
 }
 
 void WebBrowser::ExecuteWifi() {

src/core/hle/service/am/hid_registration.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -15,10 +12,7 @@ namespace Service::AM {
 
 HidRegistration::HidRegistration(Core::System& system, Process& process) : m_process(process) {
     m_hid_server = system.ServiceManager().GetService<HID::IHidServer>("hid", true);
-    this->RegisterCurrentProcess();
-}
 
-void HidRegistration::RegisterCurrentProcess() {
     if (m_process.IsInitialized()) {
         m_hid_server->GetResourceManager()->RegisterAppletResourceUserId(m_process.GetProcessId(),
                                                                          true);

src/core/hle/service/am/hid_registration.h

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -27,7 +24,6 @@ public:
     explicit HidRegistration(Core::System& system, Process& process);
     ~HidRegistration();
 
-    void RegisterCurrentProcess();
     void EnableAppletToGetInput(bool enable);
 
 private:

src/core/hle/service/am/lifecycle_manager.cpp

@@ -171,18 +171,6 @@ void LifecycleManager::SignalSystemEventIfNeeded(Kernel::KernelCore& kernel) {
     }
 }
 
-void LifecycleManager::ResetForRelaunch() {
-    m_unordered_messages.clear();
-
-    m_activity_state = ActivityState::BackgroundVisible;
-    m_requested_focus_state = FocusState{};
-    m_acknowledged_focus_state = FocusState{};
-    m_has_focus_state_changed = true;
-
-    m_suspend_mode = SuspendMode::NoOverride;
-    m_forced_suspend = false;
-}
-
 bool LifecycleManager::PopMessage(Kernel::KernelCore& kernel, AppletMessage* out_message) {
     const auto message = this->PopMessageInOrderOfPriority();
     this->SignalSystemEventIfNeeded(kernel);

src/core/hle/service/am/lifecycle_manager.h

@@ -138,8 +138,6 @@ public:
     void PushUnorderedMessage(Kernel::KernelCore& kernel, AppletMessage message);
     bool PopMessage(Kernel::KernelCore& kernel, AppletMessage* out_message);
 
-    void ResetForRelaunch();
-
 private:
     FocusState GetFocusStateWhileForegroundObscured() const;
     FocusState GetFocusStateWhileBackground(bool is_obscured) const;

src/core/hle/service/am/process_creation.cpp

@@ -40,23 +40,23 @@ namespace {
     }
 }
 
-[[nodiscard]] inline std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateProcessImpl(std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader>& out_loader, Loader::ResultStatus& out_load_result, Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file, u64 program_id, u64 program_index) {
+[[nodiscard]] inline std::optional<Process> CreateProcessImpl(std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader>& out_loader, Loader::ResultStatus& out_load_result, Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file, u64 program_id, u64 program_index) {
     // Get the appropriate loader to parse this NCA.
     out_loader = Loader::GetLoader(system, file, program_id, program_index);
     // Ensure we have a loader which can parse the NCA.
     if (out_loader) {
         // Try to load the process.
-        auto process = std::make_unique<Process>(system);
+        auto process = std::make_optional<Process>(system);
         if (process->Initialize(*out_loader, out_load_result)) {
             return process;
         }
     }
-    return nullptr;
+    return std::nullopt;
 }
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateProcess(Core::System& system, u64 program_id, u8 minimum_key_generation, u8 maximum_key_generation) {
+std::optional<Process> CreateProcess(Core::System& system, u64 program_id, u8 minimum_key_generation, u8 maximum_key_generation) {
     // Attempt to load program NCA.
     FileSys::VirtualFile nca_raw{};
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateProcess(Core::System& system, u64 program_id, u8
 
     // Ensure we retrieved a program NCA.
     if (!nca_raw) {
-        return nullptr;
+        return std::nullopt;
     }
 
     // Ensure we have a suitable version.
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateProcess(Core::System& system, u64 program_id, u8
             (nca.GetKeyGeneration() < minimum_key_generation ||
              nca.GetKeyGeneration() > maximum_key_generation)) {
             LOG_WARNING(Service_LDR, "Skipping program {:016X} with generation {}", program_id, nca.GetKeyGeneration());
-            return nullptr;
+            return std::nullopt;
         }
     }
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateProcess(Core::System& system, u64 program_id, u8
     return CreateProcessImpl(loader, status, system, nca_raw, program_id, 0);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateApplicationProcess(std::vector<u8>& out_control, std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader>& out_loader, Loader::ResultStatus& out_load_result, Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file, u64 program_id, u64 program_index) {
+std::optional<Process> CreateApplicationProcess(std::vector<u8>& out_control, std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader>& out_loader, Loader::ResultStatus& out_load_result, Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file, u64 program_id, u64 program_index) {
     if (auto process = CreateProcessImpl(out_loader, out_load_result, system, file, program_id, program_index); process) {
         FileSys::NACP nacp;
         if (out_loader->ReadControlData(nacp) == Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
@@ -110,23 +110,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateApplicationProcess(std::vector<u8>& out_control,
         system.GetARPManager().Register(launch.title_id, launch, out_control);
         return process;
     }
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-bool ReinitializeProcess(Core::System& system, Process& process, u64 program_id) {
-    auto& storage = system.GetContentProviderUnion();
-    const auto nca_raw = storage.GetEntryRaw(program_id, FileSys::ContentRecordType::Program);
-    if (!nca_raw) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    auto loader = Loader::GetLoader(system, nca_raw, program_id, 0);
-    if (!loader) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    Loader::ResultStatus status{};
-    return process.Initialize(*loader, status);
+    return std::nullopt;
 }
 
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/process_creation.h

@@ -27,9 +27,7 @@ class Process;
 
 namespace Service::AM {
 
-std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateProcess(Core::System& system, u64 program_id, u8 minimum_key_generation, u8 maximum_key_generation);
-std::unique_ptr<Process> CreateApplicationProcess(std::vector<u8>& out_control, std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader>& out_loader, Loader::ResultStatus& out_load_result, Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file, u64 program_id, u64 program_index);
-
-bool ReinitializeProcess(Core::System& system, Process& process, u64 program_id);
+std::optional<Process> CreateProcess(Core::System& system, u64 program_id, u8 minimum_key_generation, u8 maximum_key_generation);
+std::optional<Process> CreateApplicationProcess(std::vector<u8>& out_control, std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader>& out_loader, Loader::ResultStatus& out_load_result, Core::System& system, FileSys::VirtualFile file, u64 program_id, u64 program_index);
 
 } // namespace Service::AM

src/core/hle/service/am/service/application_creator.cpp

@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ Result CreateGuestApplication(SharedPointer<IApplicationAccessor>* out_applicati
     std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader> loader;
     Loader::ResultStatus result;
     auto process = CreateApplicationProcess(control, loader, result, system, nca_raw, program_id, 0);
-    R_UNLESS(process != nullptr, ResultUnknown);
+    R_UNLESS(process != std::nullopt, ResultUnknown);
 
-    const auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(system, std::move(process), true);
+    const auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(system, std::make_unique<Service::Process>(*std::move(process)), true);
     applet->program_id = program_id;
     applet->applet_id = AppletId::Application;
     applet->type = AppletType::Application;
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ Result IApplicationCreator::CreateSystemApplication(
     std::vector<u8> control;
     std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader> loader;
     auto process = CreateProcess(system, application_id, 1, 22);
-    R_UNLESS(process != nullptr, ResultUnknown);
+    R_UNLESS(process != std::nullopt, ResultUnknown);
 
-    const auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(system, std::move(process), true);
+    const auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(system, std::make_unique<Service::Process>(*std::move(process)), true);
     applet->program_id = application_id;
     applet->applet_id = AppletId::Starter;
     applet->type = AppletType::LibraryApplet;

src/core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_accessor.cpp

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ ILibraryAppletAccessor::ILibraryAppletAccessor(Core::System& system_,
         {105, D<&ILibraryAppletAccessor::GetPopOutDataEvent>, "GetPopOutDataEvent"},
         {106, D<&ILibraryAppletAccessor::GetPopInteractiveOutDataEvent>, "GetPopInteractiveOutDataEvent"},
         {110, nullptr, "NeedsToExitProcess"},
-        {120, D<&ILibraryAppletAccessor::GetLibraryAppletInfo>, "GetLibraryAppletInfo"},
+        {120, nullptr, "GetLibraryAppletInfo"},
         {150, nullptr, "RequestForAppletToGetForeground"},
         {160, D<&ILibraryAppletAccessor::GetIndirectLayerConsumerHandle>, "GetIndirectLayerConsumerHandle"}, //2.0.0+
         {170, D<&ILibraryAppletAccessor::Unknown170>, "Unknown170"}, //22.0.0+
@@ -218,16 +218,6 @@ Result ILibraryAppletAccessor::GetIndirectLayerConsumerHandle(Out<u64> out_handl
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
-Result ILibraryAppletAccessor::GetLibraryAppletInfo(
-    Out<LibraryAppletInfo> out_library_applet_info) {
-    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-    *out_library_applet_info = {
-        .applet_id = m_applet->applet_id,
-        .library_applet_mode = m_applet->library_applet_mode,
-    };
-    R_SUCCEED();
-}
-
 Result ILibraryAppletAccessor::Unknown170(OutCopyHandle<Kernel::KReadableEvent> out_event) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
     *out_event = m_applet->unknown_event.GetHandle();

src/core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_accessor.h

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_self_accessor.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
 
@@ -22,10 +21,6 @@ public:
                                     std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet);
     ~ILibraryAppletAccessor();
 
-    std::shared_ptr<Applet> GetApplet() const {
-        return m_applet;
-    }
-
 private:
     Result GetAppletStateChangedEvent(OutCopyHandle<Kernel::KReadableEvent> out_event);
     Result IsCompleted(Out<bool> out_is_completed);
@@ -42,7 +37,6 @@ private:
     Result GetPopOutDataEvent(OutCopyHandle<Kernel::KReadableEvent> out_event);
     Result GetPopInteractiveOutDataEvent(OutCopyHandle<Kernel::KReadableEvent> out_event);
     Result GetIndirectLayerConsumerHandle(Out<u64> out_handle);
-    Result GetLibraryAppletInfo(Out<LibraryAppletInfo> out_library_applet_info);
     Result Unknown170(OutCopyHandle<Kernel::KReadableEvent> out_event);
 
     void FrontendExecute();

src/core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_creator.cpp

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<ILibraryAppletAccessor> CreateGuestApplet(Core::System& system,
 
     auto process = CreateProcess(system, program_id, Firmware1400, Firmware2200);
     if (process) {
-        const auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(system, std::move(process), false);
+        const auto applet = std::make_shared<Applet>(system, std::make_unique<Service::Process>(*std::move(process)), false);
         applet->program_id = program_id;
         applet->applet_id = applet_id;
         applet->type = AppletType::LibraryApplet;

src/core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_self_accessor.cpp

@@ -233,9 +233,8 @@ Result ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::ReportVisibleErrorWithErrorContext(
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
-Result ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::UnpopInData(SharedPointer<IStorage> storage) {
-    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-    m_broker->GetInData().Unpop(system.Kernel(), storage);
+Result ILibraryAppletSelfAccessor::UnpopInData() {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_self_accessor.h

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ private:
     Result ReportVisibleError(ErrorCode error_code);
     Result ReportVisibleErrorWithErrorContext(
         ErrorCode error_code, InLargeData<ErrorContext, BufferAttr_HipcMapAlias> error_context);
-    Result UnpopInData(SharedPointer<IStorage> storage);
+    Result UnpopInData();
     Result GetMainAppletApplicationDesiredLanguage(Out<u64> out_desired_language);
     Result GetCurrentApplicationId(Out<u64> out_application_id);
     Result GetMainAppletAvailableUsers(Out<bool> out_can_select_any_user, Out<s32> out_users_count,

src/core/hle/service/am/service/process_winding_controller.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
-#include "core/core.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/am/applet.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/frontend/applets.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/library_applet_accessor.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/process_winding_controller.h"
@@ -45,18 +43,6 @@ Result IProcessWindingController::OpenCallingLibraryApplet(
     Out<SharedPointer<ILibraryAppletAccessor>> out_calling_library_applet) {
     LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
 
-    std::shared_ptr<Applet> reserved_applet;
-    {
-        std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-        reserved_applet = std::move(m_applet->reserved_applet);
-    }
-
-    if (reserved_applet != nullptr) {
-        *out_calling_library_applet = std::make_shared<ILibraryAppletAccessor>(
-            system, reserved_applet->caller_applet_broker, reserved_applet);
-        R_SUCCEED();
-    }
-
     const auto caller_applet = m_applet->caller_applet.lock();
     if (caller_applet == nullptr) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "No caller applet available");
@@ -88,82 +74,22 @@ Result IProcessWindingController::PopContext(Out<SharedPointer<IStorage>> out_co
 }
 
 Result IProcessWindingController::CancelWindingReservation() {
-    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-    m_applet->reserved_applet.reset();
-    m_applet->unwind_after_reserved = false;
-
+    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "STUBBED");
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
 Result IProcessWindingController::WindAndDoReserved() {
-    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-
-    std::shared_ptr<Applet> reserved_applet;
-    {
-        std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-
-        reserved_applet = m_applet->reserved_applet;
-        m_applet->display_layer_manager.SetWindowVisibility(false);
-        m_applet->exit_locked = false;
-        system.SetExitLocked(false);
-    }
-
-    if (reserved_applet) {
-        {
-            std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-            m_applet->is_winding = true;
-        }
-
-        {
-            std::scoped_lock lk{reserved_applet->lock};
-            reserved_applet->window_visible = true;
-            reserved_applet->process->Run();
-        }
-
-        if (reserved_applet->frontend) {
-            reserved_applet->frontend->Initialize();
-            reserved_applet->frontend->Execute();
-        }
-    } else {
-        LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "called without a reserved applet to start");
-    }
-
-    m_applet->process->Terminate();
-
+    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "STUBBED");
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
-Result IProcessWindingController::ReserveToStartAndWaitAndUnwindThis(
-    SharedPointer<ILibraryAppletAccessor> reserved_applet_accessor) {
-    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-
-    if (reserved_applet_accessor == nullptr) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "No applet accessor provided");
-        R_THROW(ResultUnknown);
-    }
-
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-    m_applet->reserved_applet = reserved_applet_accessor->GetApplet();
-    m_applet->unwind_after_reserved = true;
-
+Result IProcessWindingController::ReserveToStartAndWaitAndUnwindThis() {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "STUBBED");
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
-Result IProcessWindingController::ReserveToStartAndWait(
-    SharedPointer<ILibraryAppletAccessor> reserved_applet_accessor) {
-    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called");
-
-    if (reserved_applet_accessor == nullptr) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "No applet accessor provided");
-        R_THROW(ResultUnknown);
-    }
-
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
-    m_applet->reserved_applet = reserved_applet_accessor->GetApplet();
-    m_applet->unwind_after_reserved = false;
-
+Result IProcessWindingController::ReserveToStartAndWait() {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "STUBBED");
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/am/service/process_winding_controller.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -29,9 +29,8 @@ private:
     Result PopContext(Out<SharedPointer<IStorage>> out_context);
     Result CancelWindingReservation();
     Result WindAndDoReserved();
-    Result ReserveToStartAndWaitAndUnwindThis(
-        SharedPointer<ILibraryAppletAccessor> reserved_applet_accessor);
-    Result ReserveToStartAndWait(SharedPointer<ILibraryAppletAccessor> reserved_applet_accessor);
+    Result ReserveToStartAndWaitAndUnwindThis();
+    Result ReserveToStartAndWait();
 
     const std::shared_ptr<Applet> m_applet;
 };

src/core/hle/service/am/window_system.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/event_observer.h"
-#include "core/hle/service/am/process_creation.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/window_system.h"
 
 namespace Service::AM {
@@ -241,37 +240,6 @@ void WindowSystem::PruneTerminatedAppletsLocked() {
             continue;
         }
 
-        // A winding applet has had its own process killed but is kept alive as a transparent slot
-        // while the reserved applet running in its place finishes (see WindAndDoReserved()).
-        if (applet->is_winding) {
-            if (!applet->child_applets.empty()) {
-                it = std::next(it);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            const bool unwind = applet->unwind_after_reserved;
-            applet->is_winding = false;
-            applet->unwind_after_reserved = false;
-
-            if (unwind && this->RestartAppletProcessLocked(applet.get())) {
-                const u64 new_aruid = applet->aruid.pid;
-                const auto next = std::next(it);
-
-                if (new_aruid != aruid) {
-                    auto node = m_applets.extract(it);
-                    node.key() = new_aruid;
-                    m_applets.insert(std::move(node));
-                }
-
-                applet->process->Run();
-                m_event_observer->RequestUpdate();
-                it = next;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            applet->reserved_applet.reset();
-        }
-
         // Terminated, so ensure all child applets are terminated.
         if (!applet->child_applets.empty()) {
             this->TerminateChildAppletsLocked(applet.get());
@@ -333,28 +301,6 @@ void WindowSystem::PruneTerminatedAppletsLocked() {
     }
 }
 
-bool WindowSystem::RestartAppletProcessLocked(Applet* applet) {
-    if (!ReinitializeProcess(m_system, *applet->process, applet->program_id)) {
-        LOG_ERROR(Service_AM, "Failed to restart winding applet_id={}",
-                  static_cast<u32>(applet->applet_id));
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    applet->aruid.pid = applet->process->GetProcessId();
-    applet->is_process_running = false;
-    applet->is_completed = false;
-
-    applet->hid_registration.RegisterCurrentProcess();
-
-    applet->lifecycle_manager.ResetForRelaunch();
-    applet->is_activity_runnable = false;
-
-    applet->launch_reason.flag = 1;
-
-    m_event_observer->TrackAppletProcess(*applet);
-    return true;
-}
-
 bool WindowSystem::LockHomeMenuIntoForegroundLocked() {
     // If the home menu is not locked into foreground, then there's nothing to do.
     if (m_home_menu == nullptr || !m_home_menu_foreground_locked) {
@@ -406,9 +352,6 @@ void WindowSystem::UpdateAppletStateLocked(Applet* applet, bool is_foreground, b
     const bool has_obscuring_child_applets = [&] {
         for (const auto& child_applet : applet->child_applets) {
             std::scoped_lock lk2{child_applet->lock};
-            if (child_applet->is_winding) {
-                return true;
-            }
             const auto mode = child_applet->library_applet_mode;
             if (child_applet->is_process_running && child_applet->window_visible &&
                 (mode == LibraryAppletMode::AllForeground ||

src/core/hle/service/am/window_system.h

@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ public:
 
 private:
     void PruneTerminatedAppletsLocked();
-    bool RestartAppletProcessLocked(Applet* applet);
     bool LockHomeMenuIntoForegroundLocked();
     void TerminateChildAppletsLocked(Applet* applet);
     void UpdateAppletStateLocked(Applet* applet, bool is_foreground, bool overlay_blocking = false);

src/core/hle/service/apm/apm_interface.cpp

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ void APM::OpenSession(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<ISession>(ctx, system, controller);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<ISession>(system, controller);
 }
 
 void APM::GetPerformanceMode(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ void APM_Sys::GetPerformanceEvent(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<ISession>(ctx, system, controller);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<ISession>(system, controller);
 }
 
 void APM_Sys::SetCpuBoostMode(HLERequestContext& ctx) {

src/core/hle/service/fgm/fgm.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -48,7 +45,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IRequest>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IRequest>(system);
     }
 };
 

src/core/hle/service/friend/friend.cpp

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
         rb.Push(readable_event.Signal(system.Kernel()));
-        rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, readable_event);
+        rb.PushCopyObjects(readable_event);
     }
 
     void Cancel(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, notification_event->GetReadableEvent());
+        rb.PushCopyObjects(notification_event->GetReadableEvent());
     }
 
     void Clear(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ private:
 void Module::Interface::CreateFriendService(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<IFriendService>(ctx, system);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<IFriendService>(system);
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_Friend, "called");
 }
 
@@ -488,12 +488,12 @@ void Module::Interface::CreateNotificationService(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<INotificationService>(ctx, system, uuid);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<INotificationService>(system, uuid);
 }
 
-Module::Interface::Interface(std::shared_ptr<Module> module_, Core::System& system_, const char* name)
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, name}, module{std::move(module_)}
-{}
+Module::Interface::Interface(std::shared_ptr<Module> module_, Core::System& system_,
+                             const char* name)
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, name}, module{std::move(module_)} {}
 
 Module::Interface::~Interface() = default;
 

src/core/hle/service/glue/arp.cpp

@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ void ARP_W::AcquireRegistrar(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface(ctx, registrar);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface(registrar);
 }
 
 void ARP_W::UnregisterApplicationInstance(HLERequestContext& ctx) {

src/core/hle/service/glue/bgtc.cpp

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ void BGTC_T::OpenTaskService(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<ITaskService>(ctx, system);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<ITaskService>(system);
 }
 
 ITaskService::ITaskService(Core::System& system_) : ServiceFramework{system_, "ITaskService"} {

src/core/hle/service/glue/ectx.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -59,7 +56,7 @@ ECTX_AW::~ECTX_AW() = default;
 void ECTX_AW::CreateContextRegistrar(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<IContextRegistrar>(ctx, system);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<IContextRegistrar>(std::make_shared<IContextRegistrar>(system));
 }
 
 } // namespace Service::Glue

src/core/hle/service/glue/time/alarm_worker.cpp

@@ -25,11 +25,16 @@ AlarmWorker::~AlarmWorker() {
 
 void AlarmWorker::Initialize(std::shared_ptr<Service::PSC::Time::ServiceManager> time_m) {
     m_time_m = std::move(time_m);
+
     m_timer_event = m_ctx.CreateEvent("Glue:AlarmWorker:TimerEvent");
-    m_timer_timing_event = m_system.CreateTimingEvent("Glue:AlarmWorker::AlarmTimer", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-        m_timer_event->Signal(m_system.Kernel());
-        return std::nullopt;
-    });
+    m_timer_timing_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+        "Glue:AlarmWorker::AlarmTimer",
+        [this](s64 time,
+               std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+            m_timer_event->Signal(m_system.Kernel());
+            return std::nullopt;
+        });
+
     AttachToClosestAlarmEvent();
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/glue/time/worker.cpp

@@ -22,19 +22,28 @@ namespace Service::Glue::Time {
 
 TimeWorker::TimeWorker(Core::System& system, StandardSteadyClockResource& steady_clock_resource,
                        FileTimestampWorker& file_timestamp_worker)
-    : m_system{system}, m_ctx{m_system, "Glue:TimeWorker"}, m_event{m_ctx.CreateEvent("Glue:TimeWorker:Event")},
+    : m_system{system}, m_ctx{m_system, "Glue:TimeWorker"}, m_event{m_ctx.CreateEvent(
+                                                                "Glue:TimeWorker:Event")},
       m_steady_clock_resource{steady_clock_resource},
-      m_file_timestamp_worker{file_timestamp_worker}, m_timer_steady_clock{m_ctx.CreateEvent("Glue:TimeWorker:SteadyClockTimerEvent")},
+      m_file_timestamp_worker{file_timestamp_worker}, m_timer_steady_clock{m_ctx.CreateEvent(
+                                                          "Glue:TimeWorker:SteadyClockTimerEvent")},
       m_timer_file_system{m_ctx.CreateEvent("Glue:TimeWorker:FileTimeTimerEvent")},
       m_alarm_worker{m_system, m_steady_clock_resource}, m_pm_state_change_handler{m_alarm_worker} {
-    m_timer_steady_clock_timing_event = m_system.CreateTimingEvent("Time::SteadyClockEvent", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-        m_timer_steady_clock->Signal(m_system.Kernel());
-        return std::nullopt;
-    });
-    m_timer_file_system_timing_event = m_system.CreateTimingEvent("Time::SteadyClockEvent", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-        m_timer_file_system->Signal(m_system.Kernel());
-        return std::nullopt;
-    });
+    m_timer_steady_clock_timing_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+        "Time::SteadyClockEvent",
+        [this](s64 time,
+               std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+            m_timer_steady_clock->Signal(m_system.Kernel());
+            return std::nullopt;
+        });
+
+    m_timer_file_system_timing_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+        "Time::SteadyClockEvent",
+        [this](s64 time,
+               std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+            m_timer_file_system->Signal(m_system.Kernel());
+            return std::nullopt;
+        });
 }
 
 TimeWorker::~TimeWorker() {

src/core/hle/service/hid/hid_system_server.cpp

@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ void IHidSystemServer::AcquireConnectionTriggerTimeoutEvent(HLERequestContext& c
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, acquire_device_registered_event->GetReadableEvent());
+    rb.PushCopyObjects(acquire_device_registered_event->GetReadableEvent());
 }
 
 void IHidSystemServer::AcquireDeviceRegisteredEventForControllerSupport(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ void IHidSystemServer::AcquireDeviceRegisteredEventForControllerSupport(HLEReque
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, acquire_device_registered_event->GetReadableEvent());
+    rb.PushCopyObjects(acquire_device_registered_event->GetReadableEvent());
 }
 
 void IHidSystemServer::GetRegisteredDevices(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ void IHidSystemServer::AcquireUniquePadConnectionEventHandle(HLERequestContext&
     LOG_WARNING(Service_HID, "(STUBBED) called");
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
-    rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, unique_pad_connection_event->GetReadableEvent());
+    rb.PushCopyObjects(unique_pad_connection_event->GetReadableEvent());
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
 }
 
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ void IHidSystemServer::AcquireJoyDetachOnBluetoothOffEventHandle(HLERequestConte
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, joy_detach_event->GetReadableEvent());
+    rb.PushCopyObjects(joy_detach_event->GetReadableEvent());
 }
 
 void IHidSystemServer::IsUsbFullKeyControllerEnabled(HLERequestContext& ctx) {

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus.cpp

@@ -51,12 +51,17 @@ Hidbus::Hidbus(Core::System& system_)
     RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
     // Register update callbacks
-    hidbus_update_event = system_.CreateTimingEvent("Hidbus::UpdateCallback", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-        const auto guard = LockService();
-        UpdateHidbus(ns_late);
-        return std::nullopt;
-    });
-    system_.CoreTiming().ScheduleLoopingEvent(hidbus_update_ns, hidbus_update_ns, hidbus_update_event);
+    hidbus_update_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+        "Hidbus::UpdateCallback",
+        [this](s64 time,
+               std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+            const auto guard = LockService();
+            UpdateHidbus(ns_late);
+            return std::nullopt;
+        });
+
+    system_.CoreTiming().ScheduleLoopingEvent(hidbus_update_ns, hidbus_update_ns,
+                                              hidbus_update_event);
 }
 
 Hidbus::~Hidbus() {

src/core/hle/service/hle_ipc.h

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class Memory;
 }
 
 namespace IPC {
-struct ResponseBuilder;
+class ResponseBuilder;
 }
 
 namespace Service {
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    friend struct IPC::ResponseBuilder;
+    friend class IPC::ResponseBuilder;
 
     void ParseCommandBuffer(u32_le* src_cmdbuf, bool incoming);
 

src/core/hle/service/ipc_helpers.h

@@ -24,7 +24,45 @@ namespace IPC {
 
 constexpr Result ResultSessionClosed{ErrorModule::HIPC, 301};
 
-struct ResponseBuilder {
+class RequestHelperBase {
+protected:
+    Service::HLERequestContext* context = nullptr;
+    u32* cmdbuf;
+    u32 index = 0;
+
+public:
+    explicit RequestHelperBase(u32* command_buffer) : cmdbuf(command_buffer) {}
+
+    explicit RequestHelperBase(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx)
+        : context(&ctx), cmdbuf(ctx.CommandBuffer()) {}
+
+    void Skip(u32 size_in_words, bool set_to_null) {
+        if (set_to_null) {
+            memset(cmdbuf + index, 0, size_in_words * sizeof(u32));
+        }
+        index += size_in_words;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Aligns the current position forward to a 16-byte boundary, padding with zeros.
+     */
+    void AlignWithPadding() {
+        if (index & 3) {
+            Skip(static_cast<u32>(4 - (index & 3)), true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    u32 GetCurrentOffset() const {
+        return index;
+    }
+
+    void SetCurrentOffset(u32 offset) {
+        index = offset;
+    }
+};
+
+class ResponseBuilder : public RequestHelperBase {
+public:
     /// Flags used for customizing the behavior of ResponseBuilder
     enum class Flags : u32 {
         None = 0,
@@ -33,13 +71,14 @@ struct ResponseBuilder {
         AlwaysMoveHandles = 1,
     };
 
-    inline explicit ResponseBuilder(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx, u32 normal_params_size_, u32 num_handles_to_copy_ = 0, u32 num_objects_to_move_ = 0, Flags flags = Flags::None)
-        : cmdbuf(ctx.CommandBuffer())
-        , normal_params_size(normal_params_size_)
-        , num_handles_to_copy(num_handles_to_copy_)
-        , num_objects_to_move(num_objects_to_move_)
-    {
-        std::memset(cmdbuf, 0, sizeof(u32) * IPC::COMMAND_BUFFER_LENGTH);
+    explicit ResponseBuilder(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx, u32 normal_params_size_,
+                             u32 num_handles_to_copy_ = 0, u32 num_objects_to_move_ = 0,
+                             Flags flags = Flags::None)
+        : RequestHelperBase(ctx), normal_params_size(normal_params_size_),
+          num_handles_to_copy(num_handles_to_copy_),
+          num_objects_to_move(num_objects_to_move_), kernel{ctx.kernel} {
+
+        memset(cmdbuf, 0, sizeof(u32) * IPC::COMMAND_BUFFER_LENGTH);
 
         IPC::CommandHeader header{};
         auto const mgr = ctx.GetManager().get();
@@ -78,7 +117,9 @@ struct ResponseBuilder {
             handle_descriptor_header.num_handles_to_copy.Assign(num_handles_to_copy_);
             handle_descriptor_header.num_handles_to_move.Assign(num_handles_to_move);
             PushRaw(handle_descriptor_header);
+
             ctx.handles_offset = index;
+
             Skip(num_handles_to_copy + num_handles_to_move, true);
         }
 
@@ -90,6 +131,7 @@ struct ResponseBuilder {
                 domain_header.num_objects = num_domain_objects;
                 PushRaw(domain_header);
             }
+
             IPC::DataPayloadHeader data_payload_header{};
             data_payload_header.magic = Common::MakeMagic('S', 'F', 'C', 'O');
             PushRaw(data_payload_header);
@@ -99,39 +141,34 @@ struct ResponseBuilder {
 
         ctx.data_payload_offset = index;
         ctx.write_size += index;
-        ctx.domain_offset = u32(index + raw_data_size / sizeof(u32));
+        ctx.domain_offset = static_cast<u32>(index + raw_data_size / sizeof(u32));
     }
 
-    inline void Skip(u32 size_in_words, bool set_to_null) {
-        if (set_to_null) std::memset(cmdbuf + index, 0, size_in_words * sizeof(u32));
-        index += size_in_words;
-    }
-    /// @brief Aligns the current position forward to a 16-byte boundary, padding with zeros.
-    inline void AlignWithPadding() { if (index & 3) Skip(u32(4 - (index & 3)), true); }
-    inline u32 GetCurrentOffset() const { return index; }
-    inline void SetCurrentOffset(u32 offset) { index = offset; }
+    template <class T>
+    void PushIpcInterface(std::shared_ptr<T> iface) {
+        auto manager{context->GetManager()};
 
-    template <class T> inline void PushIpcInterface(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx, std::shared_ptr<T> iface) {
-        auto manager = ctx.GetManager();
         if (manager->IsDomain()) {
-            ctx.AddDomainObject(std::move(iface));
+            context->AddDomainObject(std::move(iface));
         } else {
-            ASSERT(Kernel::GetCurrentProcess(ctx.kernel).GetResourceLimit()->Reserve(ctx.kernel, Kernel::LimitableResource::SessionCountMax, 1));
+            ASSERT(Kernel::GetCurrentProcess(kernel).GetResourceLimit()->Reserve(kernel, Kernel::LimitableResource::SessionCountMax, 1));
 
-            auto* session = Kernel::KSession::Create(ctx.kernel);
-            session->Initialize(ctx.kernel, nullptr, 0);
-            Kernel::KSession::Register(ctx.kernel, session);
+            auto* session = Kernel::KSession::Create(kernel);
+            session->Initialize(kernel, nullptr, 0);
+            Kernel::KSession::Register(kernel, session);
 
-            auto next_manager = std::make_shared<Service::SessionRequestManager>(ctx.kernel, manager->GetServerManager());
+            auto next_manager = std::make_shared<Service::SessionRequestManager>(
+                kernel, manager->GetServerManager());
             next_manager->SetSessionHandler(iface);
             manager->GetServerManager().RegisterSession(&session->GetServerSession(), next_manager);
 
-            ctx.AddMoveObject(&session->GetClientSession());
+            context->AddMoveObject(&session->GetClientSession());
         }
     }
 
-    template <class T, class... Args> inline void PushIpcInterface(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx, Args&&... args) {
-        PushIpcInterface<T>(ctx, std::make_shared<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+    template <class T, class... Args>
+    void PushIpcInterface(Args&&... args) {
+        PushIpcInterface<T>(std::make_shared<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
     }
 
     void PushImpl(s8 value);
@@ -147,38 +184,59 @@ struct ResponseBuilder {
     void PushImpl(bool value);
     void PushImpl(Result value);
 
-    template <typename T> inline void Push(T value) {
+    template <typename T>
+    void Push(T value) {
         return PushImpl(value);
     }
 
     template <typename First, typename... Other>
     void Push(const First& first_value, const Other&... other_values);
 
-    /// @brief Helper function for pushing strongly-typed enumeration values.
-    /// @tparam Enum The enumeration type to be pushed
-    /// @param value The value to push.
-    /// @note The underlying size of the enumeration type is the size of the data that gets pushed.
-    /// e.g. "enum class SomeEnum : u16" will push a u16-sized amount of data.
-    template <typename Enum> inline void PushEnum(Enum value) {
+    /**
+     * Helper function for pushing strongly-typed enumeration values.
+     *
+     * @tparam Enum The enumeration type to be pushed
+     *
+     * @param value The value to push.
+     *
+     * @note The underlying size of the enumeration type is the size of the
+     *       data that gets pushed. e.g. "enum class SomeEnum : u16" will
+     *       push a u16-sized amount of data.
+     */
+    template <typename Enum>
+    void PushEnum(Enum value) {
         static_assert(std::is_enum_v<Enum>, "T must be an enum type within a PushEnum call.");
-        static_assert(!std::is_convertible_v<Enum, int>, "enum type in PushEnum must be a strongly typed enum.");
+        static_assert(!std::is_convertible_v<Enum, int>,
+                      "enum type in PushEnum must be a strongly typed enum.");
         Push(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Enum>>(value));
     }
 
-    /// @brief Copies the content of the given trivially copyable class to the buffer as a normal param
-    /// @note: The input class must be correctly packed/padded to fit hardware layout.
-    template <typename T> void PushRaw(const T& value);
-    template <typename... O> void PushMoveObjects(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx, O*... pointers);
-    template <typename... O> void PushMoveObjects(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx, O&... pointers);
-    template <typename... O> void PushCopyObjects(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx, O*... pointers);
-    template <typename... O> void PushCopyObjects(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx, O&... pointers);
+    /**
+     * @brief Copies the content of the given trivially copyable class to the buffer as a normal
+     * param
+     * @note: The input class must be correctly packed/padded to fit hardware layout.
+     */
+    template <typename T>
+    void PushRaw(const T& value);
 
-    u32* cmdbuf;
-    u32 index = 0;
+    template <typename... O>
+    void PushMoveObjects(O*... pointers);
+
+    template <typename... O>
+    void PushMoveObjects(O&... pointers);
+
+    template <typename... O>
+    void PushCopyObjects(O*... pointers);
+
+    template <typename... O>
+    void PushCopyObjects(O&... pointers);
+
+private:
     u32 normal_params_size{};
     u32 num_handles_to_copy{};
     u32 num_objects_to_move{}; ///< Domain objects or move handles, context dependent
     u32 data_payload_index{};
+    Kernel::KernelCore& kernel;
 };
 
 /// Push ///
@@ -193,7 +251,8 @@ inline void ResponseBuilder::PushImpl(u32 value) {
 
 template <typename T>
 void ResponseBuilder::PushRaw(const T& value) {
-    static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>, "It's undefined behavior to use memcpy with non-trivially copyable objects");
+    static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>,
+                  "It's undefined behavior to use memcpy with non-trivially copyable objects");
     std::memcpy(cmdbuf + index, &value, sizeof(T));
     index += (sizeof(T) + 3) / 4; // round up to word length
 }
@@ -213,8 +272,8 @@ inline void ResponseBuilder::PushImpl(s16 value) {
 }
 
 inline void ResponseBuilder::PushImpl(s64 value) {
-    PushImpl(u32(value));
-    PushImpl(u32(value >> 32));
+    PushImpl(static_cast<u32>(value));
+    PushImpl(static_cast<u32>(value >> 32));
 }
 
 inline void ResponseBuilder::PushImpl(u8 value) {
@@ -226,8 +285,8 @@ inline void ResponseBuilder::PushImpl(u16 value) {
 }
 
 inline void ResponseBuilder::PushImpl(u64 value) {
-    PushImpl(u32(value));
-    PushImpl(u32(value >> 32));
+    PushImpl(static_cast<u32>(value));
+    PushImpl(static_cast<u32>(value >> 32));
 }
 
 inline void ResponseBuilder::PushImpl(float value) {
@@ -253,88 +312,90 @@ void ResponseBuilder::Push(const First& first_value, const Other&... other_value
 }
 
 template <typename... O>
-inline void ResponseBuilder::PushCopyObjects(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx, O*... pointers) {
+inline void ResponseBuilder::PushCopyObjects(O*... pointers) {
     auto objects = {pointers...};
     for (auto& object : objects) {
-        ctx.AddCopyObject(object);
+        context->AddCopyObject(object);
     }
 }
 
 template <typename... O>
-inline void ResponseBuilder::PushCopyObjects(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx, O&... pointers) {
+inline void ResponseBuilder::PushCopyObjects(O&... pointers) {
     auto objects = {&pointers...};
     for (auto& object : objects) {
-        ctx.AddCopyObject(object);
+        context->AddCopyObject(object);
     }
 }
 
 template <typename... O>
-inline void ResponseBuilder::PushMoveObjects(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx, O*... pointers) {
+inline void ResponseBuilder::PushMoveObjects(O*... pointers) {
     auto objects = {pointers...};
     for (auto& object : objects) {
-        ctx.AddMoveObject(object);
+        context->AddMoveObject(object);
     }
 }
 
 template <typename... O>
-inline void ResponseBuilder::PushMoveObjects(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx, O&... pointers) {
+inline void ResponseBuilder::PushMoveObjects(O&... pointers) {
     auto objects = {&pointers...};
     for (auto& object : objects) {
-        ctx.AddMoveObject(object);
+        context->AddMoveObject(object);
     }
 }
 
-struct RequestParser {
-    inline explicit RequestParser(u32* command_buffer) : cmdbuf(command_buffer) {}
-    inline explicit RequestParser(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx)
-        : cmdbuf(ctx.CommandBuffer())
-    {
+class RequestParser : public RequestHelperBase {
+public:
+    explicit RequestParser(u32* command_buffer) : RequestHelperBase(command_buffer) {}
+
+    explicit RequestParser(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx) : RequestHelperBase(ctx) {
         // TIPC does not have data payload offset
         if (!ctx.IsTipc()) {
             ASSERT_MSG(ctx.GetDataPayloadOffset(), "context is incomplete");
             Skip(ctx.GetDataPayloadOffset(), false);
         }
+
         // Skip the u64 command id, it's already stored in the context
         static constexpr u32 CommandIdSize = 2;
         Skip(CommandIdSize, false);
     }
 
-    inline void Skip(u32 size_in_words, bool set_to_null) {
-        if (set_to_null) std::memset(cmdbuf + index, 0, size_in_words * sizeof(u32));
-        index += size_in_words;
-    }
-    /// @brief Aligns the current position forward to a 16-byte boundary, padding with zeros.
-    inline void AlignWithPadding() { if (index & 3) Skip(u32(4 - (index & 3)), true); }
-    inline u32 GetCurrentOffset() const { return index; }
-    inline void SetCurrentOffset(u32 offset) { index = offset; }
+    template <typename T>
+    T Pop();
 
-    template <typename T> T Pop();
-    template <typename T> void Pop(T& value);
-    template <typename First, typename... Other> void Pop(First& first_value, Other&... other_values);
+    template <typename T>
+    void Pop(T& value);
+
+    template <typename First, typename... Other>
+    void Pop(First& first_value, Other&... other_values);
 
     template <typename T>
     T PopEnum() {
         static_assert(std::is_enum_v<T>, "T must be an enum type within a PopEnum call.");
-        static_assert(!std::is_convertible_v<T, int>, "enum type in PopEnum must be a strongly typed enum.");
-        return T(Pop<std::underlying_type_t<T>>());
+        static_assert(!std::is_convertible_v<T, int>,
+                      "enum type in PopEnum must be a strongly typed enum.");
+        return static_cast<T>(Pop<std::underlying_type_t<T>>());
     }
 
-    /// @brief Reads the next normal parameters as a struct, by copying it
-    /// @note: The output class must be correctly packed/padded to fit hardware layout.
-    template <typename T> void PopRaw(T& value);
+    /**
+     * @brief Reads the next normal parameters as a struct, by copying it
+     * @note: The output class must be correctly packed/padded to fit hardware layout.
+     */
+    template <typename T>
+    void PopRaw(T& value);
 
-    /// @brief Reads the next normal parameters as a struct, by copying it into a new value
-    /// @note: The output class must be correctly packed/padded to fit hardware layout.
-    template <typename T> T PopRaw();
+    /**
+     * @brief Reads the next normal parameters as a struct, by copying it into a new value
+     * @note: The output class must be correctly packed/padded to fit hardware layout.
+     */
+    template <typename T>
+    T PopRaw();
 
-    template <class T> [[nodiscard]] std::weak_ptr<T> PopIpcInterface(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
-        ASSERT(ctx.GetManager()->IsDomain());
-        ASSERT(ctx.GetDomainMessageHeader().input_object_count > 0);
-        return ctx.GetDomainHandler<T>(Pop<u32>() - 1);
+    template <class T>
+    std::weak_ptr<T> PopIpcInterface() {
+        ASSERT(context->GetManager()->IsDomain());
+        ASSERT(context->GetDomainMessageHeader().input_object_count > 0);
+        return context->GetDomainHandler<T>(Pop<u32>() - 1);
     }
-
-    u32* cmdbuf;
-    u32 index = 0;
 };
 
 /// Pop ///
@@ -346,7 +407,7 @@ inline u32 RequestParser::Pop() {
 
 template <>
 inline s32 RequestParser::Pop() {
-    return s32(Pop<u32>());
+    return static_cast<s32>(Pop<u32>());
 }
 
 // Ignore the -Wclass-memaccess warning on memcpy for non-trivially default constructible objects.
@@ -356,7 +417,8 @@ inline s32 RequestParser::Pop() {
 #endif
 template <typename T>
 void RequestParser::PopRaw(T& value) {
-    static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>, "It's undefined behavior to use memcpy with non-trivially copyable objects");
+    static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>,
+                  "It's undefined behavior to use memcpy with non-trivially copyable objects");
     std::memcpy(&value, cmdbuf + index, sizeof(T));
     index += (sizeof(T) + 3) / 4; // round up to word length
 }

src/core/hle/service/lm/lm.cpp

@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<ILogger>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<ILogger>(system);
     }
 };
 

src/core/hle/service/nfc/nfc.cpp

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IAm>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IAm>(system);
     }
 };
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<MFIUser>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<MFIUser>(system);
     }
 };
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IUser>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IUser>(system);
     }
 };
 
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<ISystem>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<ISystem>(system);
     }
 };
 

src/core/hle/service/nfc/nfc_interface.cpp

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ void NfcInterface::AttachAvailabilityChangeEvent(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, GetManager()->AttachAvailabilityChangeEvent());
+    rb.PushCopyObjects(GetManager()->AttachAvailabilityChangeEvent());
 }
 
 void NfcInterface::StartDetection(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ void NfcInterface::AttachActivateEvent(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
     rb.Push(result);
-    rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, out_event);
+    rb.PushCopyObjects(out_event);
 }
 
 void NfcInterface::AttachDeactivateEvent(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ void NfcInterface::AttachDeactivateEvent(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
     rb.Push(result);
-    rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, out_event);
+    rb.PushCopyObjects(out_event);
 }
 
 void NfcInterface::SetNfcEnabled(HLERequestContext& ctx) {

src/core/hle/service/nfp/nfp.cpp

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IUser>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IUser>(system);
     }
 };
 
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<ISystem>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<ISystem>(system);
     }
 };
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IDebug>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IDebug>(system);
     }
 };
 

src/core/hle/service/nifm/nifm.cpp

@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ private:
     void GetSystemEventReadableHandle(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 2};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, evt_scan_complete->GetReadableEvent(),
+        rb.PushCopyObjects(evt_scan_complete->GetReadableEvent(),
                            evt_processing->GetReadableEvent());
     }
 
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 2};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, event1->GetReadableEvent(), event2->GetReadableEvent());
+        rb.PushCopyObjects(event1->GetReadableEvent(), event2->GetReadableEvent());
     }
 
     void Cancel(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ void IGeneralService::CreateScanRequest(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
 
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<IScanRequest>(ctx, system);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<IScanRequest>(system);
 }
 
 void IGeneralService::CreateRequest(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ void IGeneralService::CreateRequest(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
 
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<IRequest>(ctx, system);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<IRequest>(system);
 }
 
 void IGeneralService::GetCurrentNetworkProfile(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ void IGeneralService::GetNetworkProfile(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<INetworkProfile>(ctx, system);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<INetworkProfile>(system);
 }
 
 void IGeneralService::SetNetworkProfile(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ void IGeneralService::CreateTemporaryNetworkProfile(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 6, 0, 1};
 
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<INetworkProfile>(ctx, system);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<INetworkProfile>(system);
     rb.PushRaw<u128>(uuid);
 }
 
@@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IGeneralService>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IGeneralService>(system);
     }
 
     void CreateGeneralService(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -1132,7 +1132,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IGeneralService>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IGeneralService>(system);
     }
 };
 

src/core/hle/service/nim/nim.cpp

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ private:
         LOG_WARNING(Service_NIM, "(STUBBED) called");
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IShopServiceAsync>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IShopServiceAsync>(system);
     }
 };
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ private:
         LOG_WARNING(Service_NIM, "(STUBBED) called");
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IShopServiceAccessor>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IShopServiceAccessor>(system);
     }
 };
 
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ private:
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_NIM, "(STUBBED) called");
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IShopServiceAccessServer>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IShopServiceAccessServer>(system);
     }
 
     void IsLargeResourceAvailable(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IShopServiceAccessServer>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IShopServiceAccessServer>(system);
     }
 };
 
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, finished_event->GetReadableEvent());
+        rb.PushCopyObjects(finished_event->GetReadableEvent());
     }
 
     void GetResult(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IEnsureNetworkClockAvailabilityService>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IEnsureNetworkClockAvailabilityService>(system);
     }
 
     // TODO(ogniK): Do we need these?

src/core/hle/service/ns/read_only_application_control_data_interface.cpp

@@ -359,8 +359,8 @@ void IReadOnlyApplicationControlDataInterface::ListApplicationTitle(HLERequestCo
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, async_value->ReadableEvent());
-    rb.PushIpcInterface(ctx, std::move(async_value));
+    rb.PushCopyObjects(async_value->ReadableEvent());
+    rb.PushIpcInterface(std::move(async_value));
 }
 
 Result IReadOnlyApplicationControlDataInterface::GetApplicationControlData3(

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv_interface.cpp

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ void NVDRV::QueryEvent(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 3, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
         auto& readable_event = event->GetReadableEvent();
-        rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, readable_event);
+        rb.PushCopyObjects(readable_event);
         rb.PushEnum(NvResult::Success);
     } else {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_NVDRV, "Invalid event request!");

src/core/hle/service/os/process.h

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <utility>
-
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 
 namespace Core {
@@ -30,15 +28,6 @@ public:
     inline explicit Process(Core::System& system) noexcept : m_system(system) {}
     inline ~Process() { this->Finalize(); }
 
-    Process(const Process&) = delete;
-    Process& operator=(const Process&) = delete;
-    Process& operator=(Process&&) = delete;
-    inline Process(Process&& other) noexcept
-        : m_system(other.m_system), m_process(std::exchange(other.m_process, nullptr)),
-          m_main_thread_stack_size(std::exchange(other.m_main_thread_stack_size, 0)),
-          m_main_thread_priority(std::exchange(other.m_main_thread_priority, 0)),
-          m_process_started(std::exchange(other.m_process_started, false)) {}
-
     bool Initialize(Loader::AppLoader& loader, Loader::ResultStatus& out_load_result);
     void Finalize();
 

src/core/hle/service/pcv/pcv.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -127,7 +124,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IClkrstSession>(ctx, system, device_code);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IClkrstSession>(system, device_code);
     }
 };
 

src/core/hle/service/pm/pm.cpp

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 10, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, *process);
+        rb.PushCopyObjects(*process);
         rb.PushRaw(program_location);
         rb.PushRaw(override_status);
     }

src/core/hle/service/psc/time/alarms.cpp

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ void IAlarmService::CreateWakeupAlarm(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<ISteadyClockAlarm>(ctx, system, m_alarms, AlarmType::WakeupAlarm);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<ISteadyClockAlarm>(system, m_alarms, AlarmType::WakeupAlarm);
 }
 
 void IAlarmService::CreateBackgroundTaskAlarm(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ void IAlarmService::CreateBackgroundTaskAlarm(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<ISteadyClockAlarm>(ctx, system, m_alarms, AlarmType::BackgroundTaskAlarm);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<ISteadyClockAlarm>(system, m_alarms, AlarmType::BackgroundTaskAlarm);
 }
 
 ISteadyClockAlarm::ISteadyClockAlarm(Core::System& system_, Alarms& alarms, AlarmType type)
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ void ISteadyClockAlarm::GetAlarmEvent(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, m_alarm.GetEventHandle());
+    rb.PushCopyObjects(m_alarm.GetEventHandle());
 }
 
 void ISteadyClockAlarm::Enable(HLERequestContext& ctx) {

src/core/hle/service/ptm/psm.cpp

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushCopyObjects(ctx, state_change_event->GetReadableEvent());
+        rb.PushCopyObjects(state_change_event->GetReadableEvent());
     }
 
     void UnbindStateChangeEvent(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ void PSM::OpenSession(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<IPsmSession>(ctx, system);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<IPsmSession>(system);
 }
 
 void PSM::GetBatteryVoltageState(HLERequestContext& ctx) {

src/core/hle/service/ptm/ts.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
@@ -85,7 +82,7 @@ void TS::OpenSession(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushIpcInterface<ISession>(ctx, system);
+    rb.PushIpcInterface<ISession>(system);
 }
 
 } // namespace Service::PTM

src/core/hle/service/sm/sm.cpp

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ void SM::GetServiceCmif(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     if (result == ResultSuccess) {
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1, IPC::ResponseBuilder::Flags::AlwaysMoveHandles};
         rb.Push(result);
-        rb.PushMoveObjects(ctx, client_session);
+        rb.PushMoveObjects(client_session);
     } else {
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
         rb.Push(result);
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ void SM::GetServiceTipc(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1, IPC::ResponseBuilder::Flags::AlwaysMoveHandles};
     rb.Push(result);
-    rb.PushMoveObjects(ctx, result == ResultSuccess ? client_session : nullptr);
+    rb.PushMoveObjects(result == ResultSuccess ? client_session : nullptr);
 }
 
 static std::string PopServiceName(IPC::RequestParser& rp) {
@@ -230,7 +230,8 @@ void SM::RegisterServiceImpl(HLERequestContext& ctx, std::string name, u32 max_s
               max_session_count, is_light);
 
     Kernel::KServerPort* server_port{};
-    if (const auto result = service_manager.RegisterService(std::addressof(server_port), name, max_session_count, nullptr);
+    if (const auto result = service_manager.RegisterService(std::addressof(server_port), name,
+                                                            max_session_count, nullptr);
         result.IsError()) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_SM, "failed to register service with error_code={:08X}", result.raw);
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ void SM::RegisterServiceImpl(HLERequestContext& ctx, std::string name, u32 max_s
 
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1, IPC::ResponseBuilder::Flags::AlwaysMoveHandles};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushMoveObjects(ctx, server_port);
+    rb.PushMoveObjects(server_port);
 }
 
 void SM::UnregisterService(HLERequestContext& ctx) {

src/core/hle/service/sm/sm_controller.cpp

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ void Controller::CloneCurrentObject(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     // We succeeded.
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1, IPC::ResponseBuilder::Flags::AlwaysMoveHandles};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-    rb.PushMoveObjects(ctx, session->GetClientSession());
+    rb.PushMoveObjects(session->GetClientSession());
 }
 
 void Controller::CloneCurrentObjectEx(HLERequestContext& ctx) {

src/core/hle/service/sockets/bsd.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
 #include "network/network.h"
 #include <common/settings.h>
 
+using Common::Expected;
+using Common::Unexpected;
+
 namespace Service::Sockets {
 
 namespace {
@@ -461,22 +464,13 @@ void BSD::DuplicateSocket(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
     auto input = rp.PopRaw<InputParameters>();
 
+    Expected<s32, Errno> res = DuplicateSocketImpl(input.fd);
     IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 4};
     rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-
-    auto const res_v = DuplicateSocketImpl(input.fd);
-    if (auto* res = std::get_if<s32>(&res_v)) {
-        rb.PushRaw(OutputParameters{
-            .ret = *res,
-            .bsd_errno = Errno::SUCCESS,
-        });
-    } else {
-        auto* err = std::get_if<Errno>(&res_v);
-        rb.PushRaw(OutputParameters{
-            .ret = 0,
-            .bsd_errno = *err,
-        });
-    }
+    rb.PushRaw(OutputParameters{
+        .ret = res.value_or(0),
+        .bsd_errno = res ? Errno::SUCCESS : res.error(),
+    });
 }
 
 void BSD::EventFd(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -983,15 +977,15 @@ Errno BSD::CloseImpl(s32 fd) {
     return bsd_errno;
 }
 
-std::variant<s32, Errno> BSD::DuplicateSocketImpl(s32 fd) {
+Expected<s32, Errno> BSD::DuplicateSocketImpl(s32 fd) {
     if (!IsFileDescriptorValid(fd)) {
-        return Errno::BADF;
+        return Unexpected(Errno::BADF);
     }
 
     const s32 new_fd = FindFreeFileDescriptorHandle();
     if (new_fd < 0) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service, "No more file descriptors available");
-        return Errno::MFILE;
+        return Unexpected(Errno::MFILE);
     }
 
     file_descriptors[new_fd] = FileDescriptor{

src/core/hle/service/sockets/bsd.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <span>
 #include <vector>
-#include <variant>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/expected.h"
 #include "common/socket_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/sockets/sockets.h"
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ public:
     // These methods are called from SSL; the first two are also called from
     // this class for the corresponding IPC methods.
     // On the real device, the SSL service makes IPC calls to this service.
-    std::variant<s32, Errno> DuplicateSocketImpl(s32 fd);
+    Common::Expected<s32, Errno> DuplicateSocketImpl(s32 fd);
     Errno CloseImpl(s32 fd);
     std::optional<std::shared_ptr<Network::SocketBase>> GetSocket(s32 fd);
 

src/core/hle/service/sockets/sfdnsres.cpp

@@ -88,12 +88,11 @@ static const constexpr std::array blockedDomains = {
     "sun.hac.lp1.d4c.nintendo.net",
     "phoenix-api.wbagora.com", //hogwarts legacy
     "battle.net",
-    "microsoft.com", // Minecraft dungeons + other games
+    "microsoft.com", //minecraft dungeons + other games
     "mojang.com",
     "xboxlive.com",
     "api.epicgames.dev", // marvel cosmic invasion +?
-    "minecraftservices.com",
-    "508223012e5a5ff19f30a391b2bdadc0.my.2k.com", // Civilization 5
+    "minecraftservices.com"
 };
 
 static bool IsBlockedHost(const std::string& host) {
@@ -208,15 +207,16 @@ static std::pair<u32, GetAddrInfoError> GetHostByNameRequestImpl(HLERequestConte
         return {0, GetAddrInfoError::AGAIN};
     }
 
-    auto res_v = Network::GetAddressInfo(host, /*service*/ std::nullopt);
-    if (auto* res = std::get_if<std::vector<Network::AddrInfo>>(&res_v)) {
-        const std::vector<u8> data = SerializeAddrInfoAsHostEnt(*res, host);
-        const u32 data_size = u32(data.size());
-        ctx.WriteBuffer(data, 0);
-        return {data_size, GetAddrInfoError::SUCCESS};
+    auto res = Network::GetAddressInfo(host, /*service*/ std::nullopt);
+    if (!res.has_value()) {
+        return {0, Translate(res.error())};
     }
-    auto* err = std::get_if<Network::GetAddrInfoError>(&res_v);
-    return {0, Translate(*err)};
+
+    const std::vector<u8> data = SerializeAddrInfoAsHostEnt(res.value(), host);
+    const u32 data_size = static_cast<u32>(data.size());
+    ctx.WriteBuffer(data, 0);
+
+    return {data_size, GetAddrInfoError::SUCCESS};
 }
 
 void SFDNSRES::GetHostByNameRequest(HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -332,15 +332,16 @@ static std::pair<u32, GetAddrInfoError> GetAddrInfoRequestImpl(HLERequestContext
 
     // Serialized hints are also passed in a buffer, but are ignored for now.
 
-    auto res_v = Network::GetAddressInfo(host, service);
-    if (auto* res = std::get_if<std::vector<Network::AddrInfo>>(&res_v)) {
-        const std::vector<u8> data = SerializeAddrInfo(*res, host);
-        const u32 data_size = u32(data.size());
-        ctx.WriteBuffer(data, 0);
-        return {data_size, GetAddrInfoError::SUCCESS};
+    auto res = Network::GetAddressInfo(host, service);
+    if (!res.has_value()) {
+        return {0, Translate(res.error())};
     }
-    auto* err = std::get_if<Network::GetAddrInfoError>(&res_v);
-    return {0, Translate(*err)};
+
+    const std::vector<u8> data = SerializeAddrInfo(res.value(), host);
+    const u32 data_size = static_cast<u32>(data.size());
+    ctx.WriteBuffer(data, 0);
+
+    return {data_size, GetAddrInfoError::SUCCESS};
 }
 
 void SFDNSRES::GetAddrInfoRequest(HLERequestContext& ctx) {

src/core/hle/service/ssl/ssl.cpp

@@ -160,26 +160,29 @@ private:
         auto bsd = system.ServiceManager().GetService<Service::Sockets::BSD>("bsd:u");
         ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(bsd, { return ResultInternalError; });
 
-        auto const res_v = bsd->DuplicateSocketImpl(fd);
-        if (auto *res = std::get_if<s32>(&res_v)) {
-            const s32 duplicated_fd = *res;
-            if (do_not_close_socket) {
-                *out_fd = duplicated_fd;
-            } else {
-                *out_fd = -1;
-                fd_to_close = duplicated_fd;
-            }
-            std::optional<std::shared_ptr<Network::SocketBase>> sock = bsd->GetSocket(duplicated_fd);
-            if (!sock.has_value()) {
-                LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "invalid socket fd {} after duplication", duplicated_fd);
-                return ResultInvalidSocket;
-            }
-            socket = std::move(*sock);
-            backend->SetSocket(socket);
-            return ResultSuccess;
+        auto res = bsd->DuplicateSocketImpl(fd);
+        if (!res.has_value()) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Failed to duplicate socket with fd {}", fd);
+            return ResultInvalidSocket;
         }
-        LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "Failed to duplicate socket with fd {}", fd);
-        return ResultInvalidSocket;
+
+        const s32 duplicated_fd = *res;
+
+        if (do_not_close_socket) {
+            *out_fd = duplicated_fd;
+        } else {
+            *out_fd = -1;
+            fd_to_close = duplicated_fd;
+        }
+
+        std::optional<std::shared_ptr<Network::SocketBase>> sock = bsd->GetSocket(duplicated_fd);
+        if (!sock.has_value()) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_SSL, "invalid socket fd {} after duplication", duplicated_fd);
+            return ResultInvalidSocket;
+        }
+        socket = std::move(*sock);
+        backend->SetSocket(socket);
+        return ResultSuccess;
     }
 
     Result SetHostNameImpl(const std::string& hostname) {
@@ -543,7 +546,8 @@ private:
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(res);
         if (res == ResultSuccess) {
-            rb.PushIpcInterface<ISslConnection>(ctx, system, ssl_version, shared_data, std::move(backend));
+            rb.PushIpcInterface<ISslConnection>(system, ssl_version, shared_data,
+                                                std::move(backend));
         }
     }
 
@@ -623,11 +627,12 @@ private:
         IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
         const auto parameters = rp.PopRaw<Parameters>();
 
-        LOG_WARNING(Service_SSL, "(STUBBED) called, api_version={}, pid_placeholder={}", parameters.ssl_version.api_version, parameters.pid_placeholder);
+        LOG_WARNING(Service_SSL, "(STUBBED) called, api_version={}, pid_placeholder={}",
+                    parameters.ssl_version.api_version, parameters.pid_placeholder);
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<ISslContext>(ctx, system, parameters.ssl_version);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<ISslContext>(system, parameters.ssl_version);
     }
 
     void SetInterfaceVersion(HLERequestContext& ctx) {

src/core/hle/service/usb/usb.cpp

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IPdSession>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IPdSession>(system);
     }
 };
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ private:
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 1};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);
-        rb.PushIpcInterface<IPdCradleSession>(ctx, system);
+        rb.PushIpcInterface<IPdCradleSession>(system);
     }
 };
 

src/core/hle/service/vi/conductor.cpp

@@ -23,17 +23,25 @@ Conductor::Conductor(Core::System& system, Container& container, DisplayList& di
     });
 
     if (system.IsMulticore()) {
-        m_event = system.CreateTimingEvent("ScreenComposition", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-            m_signal.Set();
-            return std::chrono::nanoseconds(this->GetNextTicks());
-        });
+        m_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+            "ScreenComposition",
+            [this](s64 time,
+                   std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+                m_signal.Set();
+                return std::chrono::nanoseconds(this->GetNextTicks());
+            });
+
         system.CoreTiming().ScheduleLoopingEvent(FrameNs, FrameNs, m_event);
         m_thread = std::jthread([this](std::stop_token token) { this->VsyncThread(token); });
     } else {
-        m_event = system.CreateTimingEvent("ScreenComposition", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-            this->ProcessVsync();
-            return std::chrono::nanoseconds(this->GetNextTicks());
-        });
+        m_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+            "ScreenComposition",
+            [this](s64 time,
+                   std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+                this->ProcessVsync();
+                return std::chrono::nanoseconds(this->GetNextTicks());
+            });
+
         system.CoreTiming().ScheduleLoopingEvent(FrameNs, FrameNs, m_event);
     }
 }

src/core/internal_network/network.cpp

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/expected.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
 #include "common/settings.h"
 #include "core/internal_network/network.h"
@@ -732,14 +733,15 @@ u32 IPv4AddressToInteger(IPv4Address ip_addr) {
            static_cast<u32>(ip_addr[2]) << 8 | static_cast<u32>(ip_addr[3]);
 }
 
-std::variant<std::vector<AddrInfo>, GetAddrInfoError> GetAddressInfo(
+Common::Expected<std::vector<AddrInfo>, GetAddrInfoError> GetAddressInfo(
     const std::string& host, const std::optional<std::string>& service) {
     addrinfo hints{};
     hints.ai_family = AF_INET; // Switch only supports IPv4.
     addrinfo* addrinfo;
-    s32 gai_err = getaddrinfo(host.c_str(), service.has_value() ? service->c_str() : nullptr, &hints, &addrinfo);
+    s32 gai_err = getaddrinfo(host.c_str(), service.has_value() ? service->c_str() : nullptr,
+                              &hints, &addrinfo);
     if (gai_err != 0) {
-        return TranslateGetAddrInfoErrorFromNative(gai_err);
+        return Common::Unexpected(TranslateGetAddrInfoErrorFromNative(gai_err));
     }
     std::vector<AddrInfo> ret;
     for (auto* current = addrinfo; current; current = current->ai_next) {

src/core/internal_network/network.h

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <optional>
 #include <vector>
-#include <variant>
 
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
@@ -125,6 +124,7 @@ std::string IPv4AddressToString(IPv4Address ip_addr);
 u32 IPv4AddressToInteger(IPv4Address ip_addr);
 
 // named to avoid name collision with Windows macro
-std::variant<std::vector<AddrInfo>, GetAddrInfoError> GetAddressInfo(const std::string& host, const std::optional<std::string>& service);
+Common::Expected<std::vector<AddrInfo>, GetAddrInfoError> GetAddressInfo(
+    const std::string& host, const std::optional<std::string>& service);
 
 } // namespace Network

src/core/memory/cheat_engine.cpp

@@ -231,10 +231,12 @@ CheatEngine::~CheatEngine() {
 }
 
 void CheatEngine::Initialize() {
-    event = system.CreateTimingEvent("CheatEngine::FrameCallback::" + Common::HexToString(metadata.main_nso_build_id), [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-        FrameCallback(ns_late);
-        return std::nullopt;
-    });
+    event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+        "CheatEngine::FrameCallback::" + Common::HexToString(metadata.main_nso_build_id),
+        [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+            FrameCallback(ns_late);
+            return std::nullopt;
+        });
     core_timing.ScheduleLoopingEvent(CHEAT_ENGINE_NS, CHEAT_ENGINE_NS, event);
 
     metadata.process_id = system.ApplicationProcess()->GetProcessId();

src/core/tools/freezer.cpp

@@ -52,12 +52,14 @@ void MemoryWriteWidth(Core::Memory::Memory& memory, u32 width, VAddr addr, u64 v
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-Freezer::Freezer(Core::System& system_, Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing_, Core::Memory::Memory& memory_)
+Freezer::Freezer(Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing_, Core::Memory::Memory& memory_)
     : core_timing{core_timing_}, memory{memory_} {
-    event = system_.CreateTimingEvent("MemoryFreezer::FrameCallback", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-        FrameCallback(ns_late);
-        return std::nullopt;
-    });
+    event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent("MemoryFreezer::FrameCallback",
+                                      [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late)
+                                          -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+                                          FrameCallback(ns_late);
+                                          return std::nullopt;
+                                      });
     core_timing.ScheduleEvent(memory_freezer_ns, event);
 }
 

src/core/tools/freezer.h

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -14,16 +11,14 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
-namespace Timing {
+namespace Core::Timing {
 class CoreTiming;
 struct EventType;
 } // namespace Core::Timing
-namespace Memory {
+
+namespace Core::Memory {
 class Memory;
-} //namespace Core::Memory
-} //namespace Core
+}
 
 namespace Tools {
 
@@ -43,7 +38,7 @@ public:
         u64 value;
     };
 
-    explicit Freezer(Core::System& system_, Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing_, Core::Memory::Memory& memory_);
+    explicit Freezer(Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing_, Core::Memory::Memory& memory_);
     ~Freezer();
 
     // Enables or disables the entire memory freezer.

src/hid_core/resource_manager.cpp

@@ -56,22 +56,33 @@ ResourceManager::ResourceManager(Core::System& system_,
     applet_resource = std::make_shared<AppletResource>(system);
 
     // Register update callbacks
-    npad_update_event = system.CreateTimingEvent("HID::UpdatePadCallback", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-        UpdateNpad(ns_late);
-        return std::nullopt;
-    });
-    default_update_event = system.CreateTimingEvent("HID::UpdateDefaultCallback", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-        UpdateControllers(ns_late);
-        return std::nullopt;
-    });
-    mouse_keyboard_update_event = system.CreateTimingEvent("HID::UpdateMouseKeyboardCallback", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-        UpdateMouseKeyboard(ns_late);
-        return std::nullopt;
-    });
-    motion_update_event = system.CreateTimingEvent("HID::UpdateMotionCallback", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-        UpdateMotion(ns_late);
-        return std::nullopt;
-    });
+    npad_update_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent("HID::UpdatePadCallback",
+                                                  [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late)
+                                                      -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+                                                      UpdateNpad(ns_late);
+                                                      return std::nullopt;
+                                                  });
+    default_update_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+        "HID::UpdateDefaultCallback",
+        [this](s64 time,
+               std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+            UpdateControllers(ns_late);
+            return std::nullopt;
+        });
+    mouse_keyboard_update_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+        "HID::UpdateMouseKeyboardCallback",
+        [this](s64 time,
+               std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+            UpdateMouseKeyboard(ns_late);
+            return std::nullopt;
+        });
+    motion_update_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+        "HID::UpdateMotionCallback",
+        [this](s64 time,
+               std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+            UpdateMotion(ns_late);
+            return std::nullopt;
+        });
 }
 
 ResourceManager::~ResourceManager() {
@@ -256,10 +267,13 @@ void ResourceManager::InitializeTouchScreenSampler() {
     touch_screen = std::make_shared<TouchScreen>(touch_resource);
     gesture = std::make_shared<Gesture>(touch_resource);
 
-    touch_update_event = system.CreateTimingEvent("HID::TouchUpdateCallback", [this](s64 time, std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
-        touch_resource->OnTouchUpdate(time);
-        return std::nullopt;
-    });
+    touch_update_event = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+        "HID::TouchUpdateCallback",
+        [this](s64 time,
+               std::chrono::nanoseconds ns_late) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+            touch_resource->OnTouchUpdate(time);
+            return std::nullopt;
+        });
 
     touch_resource->SetTouchDriver(touch_driver);
     touch_resource->SetAppletResource(applet_resource, &shared_mutex);

src/hid_core/resources/npad/npad.cpp

@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ NPad::NPad(Core::HID::HIDCore& hid_core_, KernelHelpers::ServiceContext& service
             auto& controller = controller_data[aruid_index][i];
             controller.device = hid_core.GetEmulatedControllerByIndex(i);
             Core::HID::ControllerUpdateCallback engine_callback{
-                .on_change = [this, i, kernel = &hid_core.kernel](Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType type) {
-                    ControllerUpdate(*kernel, type, i);
+                .on_change = [this, i](Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType type) {
+                    ControllerUpdate(hid_core.kernel, type, i);
                 },
                 .is_npad_service = true,
             };

src/qt_common/config/shared_translation.cpp

@@ -229,8 +229,6 @@ std::unique_ptr<TranslationMap> InitializeTranslations(QObject* parent) {
     INSERT(Settings, dma_accuracy, tr("DMA Accuracy:"),
            tr("Controls the DMA precision accuracy. Safe precision fixes issues in some games but "
               "may degrade performance."));
-    INSERT(Settings, enable_gpu_buffer_readback, tr("Enable GPU buffer readback"),
-           tr("Preserves GPU-modified buffer data by reading it back before uploads.\nSome games require this to render certain effects properly.\nMay cause issues if the hardware cannot handle the additional workload."));
     INSERT(Settings, use_asynchronous_shaders, tr("Enable asynchronous shader compilation"),
            tr("May reduce shader stutter."));
     INSERT(Settings, fast_gpu_time, tr("Fast GPU Time"),

src/qt_common/qt_common.cpp

@@ -266,7 +266,12 @@ void Init(QWidget* root) {
              Common::GetMemInfo().TotalPhysicalMemory / f64{1_GiB});
     LOG_INFO(Frontend, "Host Swap: {:.2f} GiB", Common::GetMemInfo().TotalSwapMemory / f64{1_GiB});
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    LOG_INFO(Frontend, "Host Timer Resolution: {:.4f} ms", std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<f64, std::milli>>(Common::Windows::SetCurrentTimerResolutionToMaximum()).count());
+    LOG_INFO(Frontend, "Host Timer Resolution: {:.4f} ms",
+             std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<f64, std::milli>>(
+                 Common::Windows::SetCurrentTimerResolutionToMaximum())
+                 .count());
+    QtCommon::system->CoreTiming().SetTimerResolutionNs(
+        Common::Windows::GetCurrentTimerResolution());
 #endif
 
     // Remove cached contents generated during the previous session

src/shader_recompiler/frontend/maxwell/translate_program.cpp

@@ -236,11 +236,8 @@ void LowerGeometryPassthrough(const IR::Program& program, const HostTranslateInf
 
 IR::Program TranslateProgram(ObjectPool<IR::Inst>& inst_pool, ObjectPool<IR::Block>& block_pool,
                              Environment& env, Flow::CFG& cfg, const HostTranslateInfo& host_info) {
-    HostTranslateInfo normalized_host_info{host_info};
-    normalized_host_info.ApplyDescriptorLimitPolicy();
-
     IR::Program program;
-    program.syntax_list = BuildASL(inst_pool, block_pool, env, cfg, normalized_host_info);
+    program.syntax_list = BuildASL(inst_pool, block_pool, env, cfg, host_info);
     program.blocks = GenerateBlocks(program.syntax_list);
     program.post_order_blocks = PostOrder(program.syntax_list.front());
     program.stage = env.ShaderStage();
@@ -263,9 +260,9 @@ IR::Program TranslateProgram(ObjectPool<IR::Inst>& inst_pool, ObjectPool<IR::Blo
                 program.info.passthrough.mask[i] = ((mask[i / 32] >> (i % 32)) & 1) == 0;
             }
 
-            if (!normalized_host_info.support_geometry_shader_passthrough) {
+            if (!host_info.support_geometry_shader_passthrough) {
                 program.output_vertices = GetOutputTopologyVertices(program.output_topology);
-                LowerGeometryPassthrough(program, normalized_host_info);
+                LowerGeometryPassthrough(program, host_info);
             }
         }
         break;
@@ -280,16 +277,16 @@ IR::Program TranslateProgram(ObjectPool<IR::Inst>& inst_pool, ObjectPool<IR::Blo
     RemoveUnreachableBlocks(program);
 
     // Replace instructions before the SSA rewrite
-    if (!normalized_host_info.support_float64) {
+    if (!host_info.support_float64) {
         Optimization::LowerFp64ToFp32(program);
     }
-    if (!normalized_host_info.support_float16) {
+    if (!host_info.support_float16) {
         Optimization::LowerFp16ToFp32(program);
     }
-    if (!normalized_host_info.support_int64) {
+    if (!host_info.support_int64) {
         Optimization::LowerInt64ToInt32(program);
     }
-    if (!normalized_host_info.support_conditional_barrier) {
+    if (!host_info.support_conditional_barrier) {
         Optimization::ConditionalBarrierPass(program);
     }
     Optimization::SsaRewritePass(program);
@@ -298,8 +295,8 @@ IR::Program TranslateProgram(ObjectPool<IR::Inst>& inst_pool, ObjectPool<IR::Blo
 
     Optimization::PositionPass(env, program);
 
-    Optimization::GlobalMemoryToStorageBufferPass(program, normalized_host_info);
-    Optimization::TexturePass(env, program, normalized_host_info);
+    Optimization::GlobalMemoryToStorageBufferPass(program, host_info);
+    Optimization::TexturePass(env, program, host_info);
 
     if (Settings::values.resolution_info.active || Settings::values.rescale_hack.GetValue()) {
         Optimization::RescalingPass(program);
@@ -309,7 +306,7 @@ IR::Program TranslateProgram(ObjectPool<IR::Inst>& inst_pool, ObjectPool<IR::Blo
         Optimization::VerificationPass(program);
     }
     Optimization::CollectShaderInfoPass(env, program);
-    Optimization::LayerPass(program, normalized_host_info);
+    Optimization::LayerPass(program, host_info);
     Optimization::VendorWorkaroundPass(program);
 
     CollectInterpolationInfo(env, program);

src/shader_recompiler/host_translate_info.h

@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-
 namespace Shader {
 
 // Try to keep entries here to a minimum
@@ -15,52 +13,20 @@ namespace Shader {
 
 /// Misc information about the host
 struct HostTranslateInfo {
-    static constexpr u32 DEFAULT_DESCRIPTOR_LIMIT = 1024;
-
-    u64 min_ssbo_alignment{};            ///< Minimum alignment supported by the device for SSBOs
-    u32 max_per_stage_descriptor_sampled_images{}; ///< maximum sampled descriptors per stage
-    u32 max_per_stage_resources{};                 ///< maximum resources per stage
-    u32 max_descriptor_set_samplers{};
-    u32 max_descriptor_set_uniform_buffers{};
-    u32 max_descriptor_set_uniform_buffers_dynamic{};
-    u32 max_descriptor_set_storage_buffers{};
-    u32 max_descriptor_set_storage_buffers_dynamic{};
-    u32 max_descriptor_set_sampled_images{};
-    u32 max_descriptor_set_storage_images{};
-    u32 max_descriptor_set_input_attachements{};
     bool support_float64{};      ///< True when the device supports 64-bit floats
     bool support_float16{};      ///< True when the device supports 16-bit floats
     bool support_int64{};        ///< True when the device supports 64-bit integers
     bool needs_demote_reorder{}; ///< True when the device needs DemoteToHelperInvocation reordered
     bool support_snorm_render_buffer{};  ///< True when the device supports SNORM render buffers
     bool support_viewport_index_layer{}; ///< True when the device supports gl_Layer in VS
+    u32 min_ssbo_alignment{};            ///< Minimum alignment supported by the device for SSBOs
+    u32 max_per_stage_descriptor_sampled_images{1024}; ///< maximum sampled descriptors per stage
+    u32 max_per_stage_resources{4096};                 ///< maximum resources per stage
+    u32 max_descriptor_set_sampled_images{1024};        ///< maximum sampled descriptors per set
     bool support_geometry_shader_passthrough{}; ///< True when the device supports geometry
                                                 ///< passthrough shaders
     bool support_conditional_barrier{}; ///< True when the device supports barriers in conditional
                                         ///< control flow
-
-    void ApplyDescriptorLimitPolicy() noexcept {
-        if (min_ssbo_alignment == 0) {
-            min_ssbo_alignment = 1;
-        }
-        ApplyDescriptorLimitFallback(max_per_stage_descriptor_sampled_images);
-        ApplyDescriptorLimitFallback(max_per_stage_resources);
-        ApplyDescriptorLimitFallback(max_descriptor_set_samplers);
-        ApplyDescriptorLimitFallback(max_descriptor_set_uniform_buffers);
-        ApplyDescriptorLimitFallback(max_descriptor_set_uniform_buffers_dynamic);
-        ApplyDescriptorLimitFallback(max_descriptor_set_storage_buffers);
-        ApplyDescriptorLimitFallback(max_descriptor_set_storage_buffers_dynamic);
-        ApplyDescriptorLimitFallback(max_descriptor_set_sampled_images);
-        ApplyDescriptorLimitFallback(max_descriptor_set_storage_images);
-        ApplyDescriptorLimitFallback(max_descriptor_set_input_attachements);
-    }
-
-private:
-    static void ApplyDescriptorLimitFallback(u32& limit) noexcept {
-        if (limit == 0) {
-            limit = DEFAULT_DESCRIPTOR_LIMIT;
-        }
-    }
 };
 
 } // namespace Shader

src/shader_recompiler/ir_opt/global_memory_to_storage_buffer_pass.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -548,7 +545,7 @@ void GlobalMemoryToStorageBufferPass(IR::Program& program, const HostTranslateIn
         IR::Block* const block{storage_inst.block};
         IR::Inst* const inst{storage_inst.inst};
         const IR::U32 offset{
-            StorageOffset(*block, *inst, storage_buffer, u32(host_info.min_ssbo_alignment))};
+            StorageOffset(*block, *inst, storage_buffer, host_info.min_ssbo_alignment)};
         Replace(*block, *inst, index, offset);
     }
 }

src/shader_recompiler/ir_opt/texture_pass.cpp

@@ -32,62 +32,71 @@ struct TextureInst {
 using TextureInstVector = boost::container::small_vector<TextureInst, 24>;
 
 constexpr u32 DESCRIPTOR_SIZE = 8;
-constexpr u32 DESCRIPTOR_SIZE_SHIFT = u32(std::countr_zero(DESCRIPTOR_SIZE));
-constexpr u32 DESCRIPTOR_MAX_COUNT = 1024;
+constexpr u32 DESCRIPTOR_SIZE_SHIFT = static_cast<u32>(std::countr_zero(DESCRIPTOR_SIZE));
+constexpr u32 DYNAMIC_DESCRIPTOR_CBUF_BYTES = 16 * 1024;
+constexpr u32 MAX_DYNAMIC_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT = 1024;
 
 u32 DynamicDescriptorSizeShift(const IR::U32& dynamic_offset) {
-    const IR::Inst* const inst = dynamic_offset.InstRecursive();
-    if (!inst || inst->GetOpcode() != IR::Opcode::ShiftLeftLogical32)
+    const IR::Inst* const inst{dynamic_offset.InstRecursive()};
+    if (!inst || inst->GetOpcode() != IR::Opcode::ShiftLeftLogical32) {
         return DESCRIPTOR_SIZE_SHIFT;
-    const IR::Value shift = inst->Arg(1);
-    if (!shift.IsImmediate())
+    }
+    const IR::Value shift{inst->Arg(1)};
+    if (!shift.IsImmediate()) {
         return DESCRIPTOR_SIZE_SHIFT;
-    const u32 size_shift = shift.U32();
-    return size_shift >= DESCRIPTOR_SIZE_SHIFT && size_shift < 31 ? size_shift : DESCRIPTOR_SIZE_SHIFT;
+    }
+    const u32 size_shift{shift.U32()};
+    return size_shift >= DESCRIPTOR_SIZE_SHIFT && size_shift < 31 ? size_shift
+                                                                  : DESCRIPTOR_SIZE_SHIFT;
 }
 
-u32 DynamicDescriptorCount(u32 base_offset, u32 size_shift, u32 max_descriptors) {
-    auto const descriptor_limit = (std::max)(1U, max_descriptors);
-    auto const max_cbuf_bytes = 16 * descriptor_limit;
-    if (size_shift >= 31 || base_offset >= max_cbuf_bytes)
+u32 DynamicDescriptorCount(u32 base_offset, u32 size_shift) {
+    if (size_shift >= 31 || base_offset >= DYNAMIC_DESCRIPTOR_CBUF_BYTES) {
         return 1;
-    auto const stride = 1U << size_shift;
-    auto const available = max_cbuf_bytes - base_offset;
-    if (available < DESCRIPTOR_SIZE)
+    }
+    const u32 stride{1U << size_shift};
+    const u32 available{DYNAMIC_DESCRIPTOR_CBUF_BYTES - base_offset};
+    if (available < DESCRIPTOR_SIZE) {
         return 1;
-    auto const available_count = 1U + (available - DESCRIPTOR_SIZE) / stride;
-    return std::min(descriptor_limit, available_count);
+    }
+    const u32 available_count{1U + (available - DESCRIPTOR_SIZE) / stride};
+    return std::min(MAX_DYNAMIC_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT, available_count);
 }
 
 u32 SaturatingSub(u32 lhs, u32 rhs) {
     return lhs > rhs ? lhs - rhs : 0;
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-[[nodiscard]] u32 StaticDescriptorCount(T const& descriptors) noexcept {
-    return std::accumulate(descriptors.cbegin(), descriptors.cend(), 0U, [](auto const& acc, auto const& e) {
-        return acc + (e.count <= 1 ? e.count : 0);
-    });
+template <typename Descriptors>
+u32 StaticDescriptorCount(const Descriptors& descriptors) {
+    u32 count{};
+    for (const auto& desc : descriptors) {
+        if (desc.count <= 1) {
+            count += desc.count;
+        }
+    }
+    return count;
 }
 
-u32 DynamicSampledTextureCap(const Info& info, const HostTranslateInfo& host_info, u32 dynamic_arrays) {
-    auto const sampled_limit = (std::max)(1U, std::min(host_info.max_per_stage_descriptor_sampled_images,
-                                                       host_info.max_descriptor_set_sampled_images));
-    auto const resource_limit = (std::max)(1U, host_info.max_per_stage_resources);
-    if (dynamic_arrays > 0) {
-        auto const sampled_static_count = StaticDescriptorCount(info.texture_buffer_descriptors) + StaticDescriptorCount(info.texture_descriptors);
-        auto const resource_static_count =
-            NumDescriptors(info.constant_buffer_descriptors)
-            + NumDescriptors(info.storage_buffers_descriptors)
-            + sampled_static_count + NumDescriptors(info.image_buffer_descriptors)
-            + NumDescriptors(info.image_descriptors);
-        auto const sampled_budget = SaturatingSub(sampled_limit, sampled_static_count);
-        auto const resource_budget = SaturatingSub(resource_limit, resource_static_count);
-        auto const sampled_cap = sampled_budget / dynamic_arrays;
-        auto const resource_cap = resource_budget / dynamic_arrays;
-        return (std::max)(1U, (std::min)(sampled_cap, resource_cap));
+u32 DynamicSampledTextureCap(const Info& info, const HostTranslateInfo& host_info,
+                             u32 dynamic_arrays) {
+    if (dynamic_arrays == 0) {
+        return MAX_DYNAMIC_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT;
     }
-    return (std::min)({DESCRIPTOR_MAX_COUNT, sampled_limit, resource_limit});
+    const u32 sampled_static_count{StaticDescriptorCount(info.texture_buffer_descriptors) +
+                                   StaticDescriptorCount(info.texture_descriptors)};
+    const u32 resource_static_count{
+        NumDescriptors(info.constant_buffer_descriptors) +
+        NumDescriptors(info.storage_buffers_descriptors) + sampled_static_count +
+        NumDescriptors(info.image_buffer_descriptors) + NumDescriptors(info.image_descriptors)};
+    const u32 sampled_limit{std::min(host_info.max_per_stage_descriptor_sampled_images,
+                                     host_info.max_descriptor_set_sampled_images)};
+    const u32 sampled_budget{SaturatingSub(sampled_limit, sampled_static_count)};
+    const u32 resource_budget{SaturatingSub(host_info.max_per_stage_resources,
+                                            resource_static_count)};
+    const u32 sampled_cap{sampled_budget / dynamic_arrays};
+    const u32 resource_cap{resource_budget / dynamic_arrays};
+    return std::max(1U, std::min({MAX_DYNAMIC_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT, sampled_cap, resource_cap}));
 }
 
 IR::Opcode IndexedInstruction(const IR::Inst& inst) {
@@ -295,23 +304,21 @@ static inline bool IsTexturePixelFormatIntegerCached(Environment& env,
 }
 
 
-std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> Track(const IR::Value& value, Environment& env, const HostTranslateInfo& host_info);
-static inline std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> TrackCached(const IR::Value& v, Environment& env, const HostTranslateInfo& host_info) {
+std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> Track(const IR::Value& value, Environment& env);
+static inline std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> TrackCached(const IR::Value& v, Environment& env) {
     if (const IR::Inst* key = v.InstRecursive()) {
         if (auto it = env.track_cache.find(key); it != env.track_cache.end()) return it->second;
-        auto found = Track(v, env, host_info);
+        auto found = Track(v, env);
         if (found) env.track_cache.emplace(key, *found);
         return found;
     }
-    return Track(v, env, host_info);
+    return Track(v, env);
 }
 
-std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> TryGetConstBuffer(const IR::Inst* inst, Environment& env, const HostTranslateInfo& host_info);
+std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> TryGetConstBuffer(const IR::Inst* inst, Environment& env);
 
-std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> Track(const IR::Value& value, Environment& env, const HostTranslateInfo& host_info) {
-    return IR::BreadthFirstSearch(value, [&env, &host_info](const IR::Inst* inst) {
-        return TryGetConstBuffer(inst, env, host_info);
-    });
+std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> Track(const IR::Value& value, Environment& env) {
+    return IR::BreadthFirstSearch(value, [&env](const IR::Inst* inst) { return TryGetConstBuffer(inst, env); });
 }
 
 std::optional<u32> TryGetConstant(IR::Value& value, Environment& env) {
@@ -335,13 +342,13 @@ std::optional<u32> TryGetConstant(IR::Value& value, Environment& env) {
     return ReadCbufCached(env, index_number, offset_number);
 }
 
-std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> TryGetConstBuffer(const IR::Inst* inst, Environment& env, const HostTranslateInfo& host_info) {
+std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> TryGetConstBuffer(const IR::Inst* inst, Environment& env) {
     switch (inst->GetOpcode()) {
     default:
         return std::nullopt;
     case IR::Opcode::BitwiseOr32: {
-        std::optional lhs{TrackCached(inst->Arg(0), env, host_info)};
-        std::optional rhs{TrackCached(inst->Arg(1), env, host_info)};
+        std::optional lhs{TrackCached(inst->Arg(0), env)};
+        std::optional rhs{TrackCached(inst->Arg(1), env)};
         if (!lhs || !rhs) {
             return std::nullopt;
         }
@@ -371,11 +378,12 @@ std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> TryGetConstBuffer(const IR::Inst* inst, Environme
         if (!shift.IsImmediate()) {
             return std::nullopt;
         }
-        std::optional lhs{TrackCached(inst->Arg(0), env, host_info)};
+        std::optional lhs{TrackCached(inst->Arg(0), env)};
         if (lhs) {
             lhs->shift_left = shift.U32();
         }
         return lhs;
+        break;
     }
     case IR::Opcode::BitwiseAnd32: {
         IR::Value op1{inst->Arg(0)};
@@ -399,7 +407,7 @@ std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> TryGetConstBuffer(const IR::Inst* inst, Environme
                 return std::nullopt;
             } while (false);
         }
-        std::optional lhs{TrackCached(op1, env, host_info)};
+        std::optional lhs{TrackCached(op1, env)};
         if (lhs) {
             lhs->shift_left = static_cast<u32>(std::countr_zero(op2.U32()));
         }
@@ -445,10 +453,7 @@ std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> TryGetConstBuffer(const IR::Inst* inst, Environme
     } else {
         return std::nullopt;
     }
-    auto const size_shift = DynamicDescriptorSizeShift(dynamic_offset);
-    auto const sampled_limit = (std::max)(1U, (std::min)(host_info.max_per_stage_descriptor_sampled_images,
-                                                         host_info.max_descriptor_set_sampled_images));
-    auto const resource_limit = (std::max)(1U, host_info.max_per_stage_resources);
+    const u32 size_shift{DynamicDescriptorSizeShift(dynamic_offset)};
     return ConstBufferAddr{
         .index = index.U32(),
         .offset = base_offset,
@@ -457,15 +462,15 @@ std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> TryGetConstBuffer(const IR::Inst* inst, Environme
         .secondary_offset = 0,
         .secondary_shift_left = 0,
         .dynamic_offset = dynamic_offset,
-        .count = DynamicDescriptorCount(base_offset, size_shift, (std::min)({DESCRIPTOR_MAX_COUNT, sampled_limit, resource_limit})),
+        .count = DynamicDescriptorCount(base_offset, size_shift),
         .has_secondary = false,
     };
 }
 
-TextureInst MakeInst(Environment& env, IR::Block* block, IR::Inst& inst, const HostTranslateInfo& host_info) {
+TextureInst MakeInst(Environment& env, IR::Block* block, IR::Inst& inst) {
     ConstBufferAddr addr;
     if (IsBindless(inst)) {
-        const std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> track_addr{TrackCached(inst.Arg(0), env, host_info)};
+        const std::optional<ConstBufferAddr> track_addr{TrackCached(inst.Arg(0), env)};
 
         if (!track_addr) {
             throw NotImplementedException("Failed to track bindless texture constant buffer");
@@ -501,15 +506,15 @@ u32 GetTextureHandle(Environment& env, const ConstBufferAddr& cbuf) {
     return lhs_raw | rhs_raw;
 }
 
-[[maybe_unused]] TextureType ReadTextureType(Environment& env, const ConstBufferAddr& cbuf) {
+    [[maybe_unused]]TextureType ReadTextureType(Environment& env, const ConstBufferAddr& cbuf) {
     return env.ReadTextureType(GetTextureHandle(env, cbuf));
 }
 
-[[maybe_unused]] TexturePixelFormat ReadTexturePixelFormat(Environment& env, const ConstBufferAddr& cbuf) {
+    [[maybe_unused]]TexturePixelFormat ReadTexturePixelFormat(Environment& env, const ConstBufferAddr& cbuf) {
     return env.ReadTexturePixelFormat(GetTextureHandle(env, cbuf));
 }
 
-[[maybe_unused]] bool IsTexturePixelFormatInteger(Environment& env, const ConstBufferAddr& cbuf) {
+    [[maybe_unused]]bool IsTexturePixelFormatInteger(Environment& env, const ConstBufferAddr& cbuf) {
     return env.IsTexturePixelFormatInteger(GetTextureHandle(env, cbuf));
 }
 
@@ -670,7 +675,7 @@ void TexturePass(Environment& env, IR::Program& program, const HostTranslateInfo
             if (!IsTextureInstruction(inst)) {
                 continue;
             }
-            to_replace.push_back(MakeInst(env, block, inst, host_info));
+            to_replace.push_back(MakeInst(env, block, inst));
         }
     }
     // Sort instructions to visit textures by constant buffer index, then by offset
@@ -684,7 +689,8 @@ void TexturePass(Environment& env, IR::Program& program, const HostTranslateInfo
         program.info.texture_descriptors,
         program.info.image_descriptors,
     };
-    const u32 sampled_dynamic_cap = DynamicSampledTextureCap(program.info, host_info, DynamicSampledTextureArrayCount(to_replace));
+    const u32 sampled_dynamic_cap{
+        DynamicSampledTextureCap(program.info, host_info, DynamicSampledTextureArrayCount(to_replace))};
     for (TextureInst& texture_inst : to_replace) {
         // TODO: Handle arrays
         IR::Inst* const inst{texture_inst.inst};

src/shader_recompiler/profile.h

@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ struct Profile {
     bool has_broken_robust{};
 
     u64 min_ssbo_alignment{};
+
     u32 max_user_clip_distances{};
 };
 

src/tests/common/host_memory.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -18,19 +15,12 @@ static constexpr auto PERMS = Common::MemoryPermission::ReadWrite;
 static constexpr auto HEAP = false;
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Initialize and deinitialize", "[common]") {
-    {
-        HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-        REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
-    }
-    {
-        HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-        REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
-    }
+    { HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE); }
+    { HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE); }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Simple map", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x5000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PERMS, HEAP);
 
     volatile u8* const data = mem.VirtualBasePointer() + 0x5000;
@@ -40,7 +30,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Simple map", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Simple mirror map", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x5000, 0x3000, 0x2000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Map(0x8000, 0x4000, 0x1000, PERMS, HEAP);
 
@@ -52,7 +41,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Simple mirror map", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Simple unmap", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x5000, 0x3000, 0x2000, PERMS, HEAP);
 
     volatile u8* const data = mem.VirtualBasePointer() + 0x5000;
@@ -64,7 +52,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Simple unmap", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Simple unmap and remap", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x5000, 0x3000, 0x2000, PERMS, HEAP);
 
     volatile u8* const data = mem.VirtualBasePointer() + 0x5000;
@@ -82,7 +69,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Simple unmap and remap", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Nieche allocation", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x0000, 0, 0x20000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Unmap(0x0000, 0x4000, HEAP);
     mem.Map(0x1000, 0, 0x2000, PERMS, HEAP);
@@ -92,7 +78,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Nieche allocation", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Full unmap", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x8000, 0, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Unmap(0x8000, 0x4000, HEAP);
     mem.Map(0x6000, 0, 0x16000, PERMS, HEAP);
@@ -100,7 +85,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Full unmap", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Right out of bounds unmap", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x0000, 0, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Unmap(0x2000, 0x4000, HEAP);
     mem.Map(0x2000, 0x80000, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
@@ -108,7 +92,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Right out of bounds unmap", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Left out of bounds unmap", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-
     mem.Map(0x8000, 0, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Unmap(0x6000, 0x4000, HEAP);
     mem.Map(0x8000, 0, 0x2000, PERMS, HEAP);
@@ -116,7 +99,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Left out of bounds unmap", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Multiple placeholder unmap", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x0000, 0, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Map(0x4000, 0, 0x1b000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Unmap(0x3000, 0x1c000, HEAP);
@@ -125,7 +107,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Multiple placeholder unmap", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Unmap between placeholders", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x0000, 0, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Map(0x4000, 0, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Unmap(0x2000, 0x4000, HEAP);
@@ -134,7 +115,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Unmap between placeholders", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Unmap to origin", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x4000, 0, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Map(0x8000, 0, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Unmap(0x4000, 0x4000, HEAP);
@@ -144,7 +124,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Unmap to origin", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Unmap to right", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x4000, 0, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Map(0x8000, 0, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Unmap(0x8000, 0x4000, HEAP);
@@ -153,7 +132,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Unmap to right", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Partial right unmap check bindings", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x4000, 0x10000, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
 
     volatile u8* const ptr = mem.VirtualBasePointer() + 0x4000;
@@ -166,7 +144,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Partial right unmap check bindings", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Partial left unmap check bindings", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x4000, 0x10000, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
 
     volatile u8* const ptr = mem.VirtualBasePointer() + 0x4000;
@@ -181,7 +158,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Partial left unmap check bindings", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Partial middle unmap check bindings", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x4000, 0x10000, 0x4000, PERMS, HEAP);
 
     volatile u8* const ptr = mem.VirtualBasePointer() + 0x4000;
@@ -196,7 +172,6 @@ TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Partial middle unmap check bindings", "[common]") {
 
 TEST_CASE("HostMemory: Partial sparse middle unmap and check bindings", "[common]") {
     HostMemory mem(BACKING_SIZE, VIRTUAL_SIZE);
-    REQUIRE(mem.BackingBasePointer() != nullptr);
     mem.Map(0x4000, 0x10000, 0x2000, PERMS, HEAP);
     mem.Map(0x6000, 0x20000, 0x2000, PERMS, HEAP);
 

src/tests/core/core_timing.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2016 Dolphin Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -56,15 +53,14 @@ u64 TestTimerSpeed(Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing) {
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
 TEST_CASE("CoreTiming[BasicOrder]", "[core]") {
-    Core::System system{};
     ScopeInit guard;
     auto& core_timing = guard.core_timing;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Core::Timing::EventType>> events{
-        system.CreateTimingEvent("callbackA", HostCallbackTemplate<0>),
-        system.CreateTimingEvent("callbackB", HostCallbackTemplate<1>),
-        system.CreateTimingEvent("callbackC", HostCallbackTemplate<2>),
-        system.CreateTimingEvent("callbackD", HostCallbackTemplate<3>),
-        system.CreateTimingEvent("callbackE", HostCallbackTemplate<4>),
+        Core::Timing::CreateEvent("callbackA", HostCallbackTemplate<0>),
+        Core::Timing::CreateEvent("callbackB", HostCallbackTemplate<1>),
+        Core::Timing::CreateEvent("callbackC", HostCallbackTemplate<2>),
+        Core::Timing::CreateEvent("callbackD", HostCallbackTemplate<3>),
+        Core::Timing::CreateEvent("callbackE", HostCallbackTemplate<4>),
     };
 
     expected_callback = 0;
@@ -97,15 +93,14 @@ TEST_CASE("CoreTiming[BasicOrder]", "[core]") {
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("CoreTiming[BasicOrderNoPausing]", "[core]") {
-    Core::System system{};
     ScopeInit guard;
     auto& core_timing = guard.core_timing;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Core::Timing::EventType>> events{
-        system.CreateTimingEvent("callbackA", HostCallbackTemplate<0>),
-        system.CreateTimingEvent("callbackB", HostCallbackTemplate<1>),
-        system.CreateTimingEvent("callbackC", HostCallbackTemplate<2>),
-        system.CreateTimingEvent("callbackD", HostCallbackTemplate<3>),
-        system.CreateTimingEvent("callbackE", HostCallbackTemplate<4>),
+        Core::Timing::CreateEvent("callbackA", HostCallbackTemplate<0>),
+        Core::Timing::CreateEvent("callbackB", HostCallbackTemplate<1>),
+        Core::Timing::CreateEvent("callbackC", HostCallbackTemplate<2>),
+        Core::Timing::CreateEvent("callbackD", HostCallbackTemplate<3>),
+        Core::Timing::CreateEvent("callbackE", HostCallbackTemplate<4>),
     };
 
     core_timing.SyncPause(true);

src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h

@@ -1634,17 +1634,15 @@ bool BufferCache<P>::SynchronizeBuffer(Buffer& buffer, DAddr device_addr, u32 si
     if (total_size_bytes == 0) {
         return true;
     }
-    if (Settings::values.enable_gpu_buffer_readback.GetValue()) {
-        u64 min_offset = (std::numeric_limits<u64>::max)();
-        u64 max_offset = 0;
-        for (const auto& copy : upload_copies) {
-            min_offset = (std::min)(min_offset, copy.dst_offset);
-            max_offset = (std::max)(max_offset, copy.dst_offset + copy.size);
-        }
-        const DAddr sync_addr = buffer.CpuAddr() + min_offset;
-        const u64 sync_size = max_offset - min_offset;
-        DownloadBufferMemory(buffer, sync_addr, sync_size);
+    u64 min_offset = (std::numeric_limits<u64>::max)();
+    u64 max_offset = 0;
+    for (const auto& copy : upload_copies) {
+        min_offset = (std::min)(min_offset, copy.dst_offset);
+        max_offset = (std::max)(max_offset, copy.dst_offset + copy.size);
     }
+    const DAddr sync_addr = buffer.CpuAddr() + min_offset;
+    const u64 sync_size = max_offset - min_offset;
+    DownloadBufferMemory(buffer, sync_addr, sync_size);
     const std::span<BufferCopy> copies_span(upload_copies.data(), upload_copies.size());
     UploadMemory(buffer, total_size_bytes, largest_copy, copies_span);
     any_buffer_uploaded = true;

src/video_core/engines/draw_manager.cpp

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
-#include <cstring>
-
 #include "common/settings.h"
 #include "video_core/dirty_flags.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
@@ -132,44 +130,6 @@ void Maxwell3D::DrawManager::SetInlineIndexBuffer(Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, u32 inde
     draw_state.draw_mode = DrawMode::InlineIndex;
 }
 
-void Maxwell3D::DrawManager::SetInlineIndexBuffer(Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, u32 method,
-                                                  const u32* base_start, u32 amount) {
-    auto& index_buffer = draw_state.inline_index_draw_indexes;
-    switch (method) {
-    case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(draw_inline_index): {
-        const auto* const bytes = reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(base_start);
-        index_buffer.insert(index_buffer.end(), bytes, bytes + size_t(amount) * sizeof(u32));
-        break;
-    }
-    case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(inline_index_2x16.even): {
-        const size_t offset = index_buffer.size();
-        index_buffer.resize(offset + size_t(amount) * 2 * sizeof(u32));
-        u8* dst = index_buffer.data() + offset;
-        for (u32 i = 0; i < amount; ++i) {
-            const u32 word = base_start[i];
-            const u32 indexes[2]{word & 0xFFFF, word >> 16};
-            std::memcpy(dst, indexes, sizeof(indexes));
-            dst += sizeof(indexes);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(inline_index_4x8.index0): {
-        const size_t offset = index_buffer.size();
-        index_buffer.resize(offset + size_t(amount) * 4 * sizeof(u32));
-        u8* dst = index_buffer.data() + offset;
-        for (u32 i = 0; i < amount; ++i) {
-            const u32 word = base_start[i];
-            const u32 indexes[4]{word & 0xFF, (word >> 8) & 0xFF, (word >> 16) & 0xFF,
-                                 word >> 24};
-            std::memcpy(dst, indexes, sizeof(indexes));
-            dst += sizeof(indexes);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    }
-    draw_state.draw_mode = DrawMode::InlineIndex;
-}
-
 void Maxwell3D::DrawManager::DrawBegin(Maxwell3D& maxwell3d) {
     auto reset_instance_count = maxwell3d.regs.draw.instance_id == Maxwell3D::Regs::Draw::InstanceId::First;
     auto increment_instance_count = maxwell3d.regs.draw.instance_id == Maxwell3D::Regs::Draw::InstanceId::Subsequent;

src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.cpp

@@ -436,14 +436,6 @@ void Maxwell3D::CallMultiMethod(Core::System& system, u32 method, const u32* bas
         upload_state.ProcessData(base_start, amount);
         return;
     }
-    case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(draw_inline_index):
-    case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(inline_index_2x16.even):
-    case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(inline_index_4x8.index0):
-        if (shadow_state.shadow_ram_control != Regs::ShadowRamControl::Replay) {
-            ProcessInlineIndexMultiData(method, base_start, amount);
-            break;
-        }
-        [[fallthrough]];
     default:
         for (u32 i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
             CallMethod(system, method, base_start[i], methods_pending - i <= 1);
@@ -630,15 +622,6 @@ void Maxwell3D::ProcessCBData(u32 value) {
     ProcessCBMultiData(&value, 1);
 }
 
-void Maxwell3D::ProcessInlineIndexMultiData(u32 method, const u32* start_base, u32 amount) {
-    if (amount == 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-    const u32 argument = ProcessShadowRam(method, start_base[amount - 1]);
-    ProcessDirtyRegisters(method, argument);
-    draw_manager.SetInlineIndexBuffer(*this, method, start_base, amount);
-}
-
 Texture::TICEntry Maxwell3D::GetTICEntry(u32 tic_index) const {
     const GPUVAddr tic_address_gpu{regs.tex_header.Address() +
                                    tic_index * sizeof(Texture::TICEntry)};

src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h

@@ -3077,7 +3077,6 @@ public:
         void DrawArrayIndirect(Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, Maxwell3D::Regs::PrimitiveTopology topology);
         void DrawIndexedIndirect(Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, Maxwell3D::Regs::PrimitiveTopology topology, u32 index_first, u32 index_count);
         void SetInlineIndexBuffer(Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, u32 index);
-        void SetInlineIndexBuffer(Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, u32 method, const u32* base_start, u32 amount);
         void DrawBegin(Maxwell3D& maxwell3d);
         void DrawEnd(Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, u32 instance_count = 1, bool force_draw = false);
         void DrawIndexSmall(Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, u32 argument);
@@ -3194,8 +3193,6 @@ public:
     void ProcessCBData(u32 value);
     void ProcessCBMultiData(const u32* start_base, u32 amount);
 
-    void ProcessInlineIndexMultiData(u32 method, const u32* start_base, u32 amount);
-
 private:
     void InitializeRegisterDefaults();
 

src/video_core/gpu_logging/gpu_logging.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include "video_core/gpu_logging/gpu_logging.h"
 
 #include <fmt/format.h>
-#include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
 
 #include "common/fs/file.h"
@@ -281,12 +280,13 @@ void GPULogger::LogMemoryDeallocation(uintptr_t memory) {
 }
 
 void GPULogger::LogShaderCompilation(const std::string& shader_name,
-                                     const std::string& shader_info) {
+                                     const std::string& shader_info,
+                                     std::span<const u32> spirv_code) {
     if (!initialized || current_level == LogLevel::Off) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (current_level < LogLevel::Verbose) {
+    if (!dump_shaders && current_level < LogLevel::Verbose) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -294,36 +294,38 @@ void GPULogger::LogShaderCompilation(const std::string& shader_name,
         std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
 
     const auto log_entry = fmt::format("[{}] [Shader] Compiled: {} ({})\n",
-                                       FormatTimestamp(timestamp), shader_name, shader_info);
+                                      FormatTimestamp(timestamp), shader_name, shader_info);
     WriteToLog(log_entry);
-}
 
-bool IsActive() noexcept {
-    return Settings::values.gpu_log_level.GetValue() != Settings::GpuLogLevel::Off;
-}
+    // Dump SPIR-V binary if enabled and we have data
+    if (dump_shaders && !spirv_code.empty()) {
+        using namespace Common::FS;
+        const auto& log_dir = GetEdenPath(EdenPath::LogDir);
+        const auto shaders_dir = log_dir / "shaders";
 
-void DumpSpirvShader(u64 shader_hash, std::span<const u32> spirv_code) {
-    if (spirv_code.empty()) {
-        return;
+        // Create directory on first dump
+        if (!shader_dump_dir_created) {
+            [[maybe_unused]] const bool created = CreateDir(shaders_dir);
+            shader_dump_dir_created = true;
+        }
+
+        // Write SPIR-V binary file
+        const auto shader_path = shaders_dir / fmt::format("{}.spv", shader_name);
+        auto shader_file = std::make_unique<Common::FS::IOFile>(
+            shader_path, FileAccessMode::Write, FileType::BinaryFile);
+
+        if (shader_file->IsOpen()) {
+            const size_t bytes_to_write = spirv_code.size() * sizeof(u32);
+            static_cast<void>(shader_file->WriteSpan(spirv_code));
+            shader_file->Close();
+
+            const auto dump_log = fmt::format("[{}] [Shader] Dumped SPIR-V: {} ({} bytes)\n",
+                FormatTimestamp(timestamp), shader_path.string(), bytes_to_write);
+            WriteToLog(dump_log);
+        } else {
+            LOG_WARNING(Render_Vulkan, "[GPU Logging] Failed to dump shader: {}", shader_path.string());
+        }
     }
-
-    using namespace Common::FS;
-    const auto& dump_dir = GetEdenPath(EdenPath::DumpDir);
-
-    // Ensure DumpDir exists once. CreateDir is idempotent, so guarded to skip the syscall.
-    static std::once_flag dump_dir_flag;
-    std::call_once(dump_dir_flag, [&dump_dir]() {
-        [[maybe_unused]] const bool created = CreateDir(dump_dir);
-    });
-
-    const auto shader_path = dump_dir / fmt::format("{:016x}_{:016x}.spv",
-                                                    Settings::GetCurrentProgramID(), shader_hash);
-    Common::FS::IOFile shader_file(shader_path, FileAccessMode::Write, FileType::BinaryFile);
-    if (!shader_file.IsOpen()) {
-        LOG_WARNING(Render_Vulkan, "[Shader Dump] Failed to open {}", shader_path.string());
-        return;
-    }
-    static_cast<void>(shader_file.WriteSpan(spirv_code));
 }
 
 void GPULogger::LogPipelineStateChange(const std::string& state_info) {
@@ -655,6 +657,10 @@ void GPULogger::EnableVulkanCallTracking(bool enabled) {
     track_vulkan_calls = enabled;
 }
 
+void GPULogger::EnableShaderDumps(bool enabled) {
+    dump_shaders = enabled;
+}
+
 void GPULogger::EnableMemoryTracking(bool enabled) {
     track_memory = enabled;
 }