2026-09-25 09:06:19

Signed-off-by: lizzie <lizzie@eden-emu.dev>

src/common/sparse_large_vector.cpp

@@ -8,14 +8,7 @@
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #include <windows.h>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <algorithm>
+#else
-#include <vector>
-#endif
-
-#include <cerrno>
-#include <cstring>
-
-#ifndef _WIN32
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -26,92 +19,78 @@
 namespace Common {
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
+static std::vector<std::pair<u64, u64>> vector_regions {};
 
-struct VectorRegion {
+// Workaround for handling non-commited memory accessed by Dynarmic; usually result of an error
-    u64 start_page;
-    u64 end_page;
-};
-
-static std::mutex& GetVectorRegionsMutex() {
-    static std::mutex* m = new std::mutex();
-    return *m;
-}
-
-static std::vector<VectorRegion>& GetVectorRegions() {
-    static std::vector<VectorRegion>* v = new std::vector<VectorRegion>();
-    return *v;
-}
-
 static LONG WINAPI FakePageFaultHandler(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS info) {
-    if (info->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode != EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION) {
+    DWORD code = info->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode;
+    u64 exception_addr = reinterpret_cast<u64>(info->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress);
+
+    if (code != EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION) {
+        // Not our problem
         return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
     }
 
-    const u64 fault_addr = info->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1];
+    u64 addr = 0, addr2 = 0;
-    const u64 access_type = info->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[0];
-    const bool is_write = (access_type == 1);
-    const u64 fault_page = fault_addr >> HostPageBits;
 
-    u64 addr = 0;
+    for (auto region: vector_regions) {
-    u64 addr2 = 0;
+        auto addr_shifted = exception_addr >> HostPageBits;
+        if (region.first <= addr_shifted && addr_shifted <= region.second) {
+            addr = addr_shifted;
+        }
 
-    {
+        // Page-boundary accesses
-        std::lock_guard lock(GetVectorRegionsMutex());
+        if (auto addr_ = (exception_addr + 0x40) >> HostPageBits; addr_ != addr_shifted && region.first <= addr_ && addr_ <= region.second) {
-        for (const auto& region : GetVectorRegions()) {
+            addr2 = addr_;
-            if (fault_page >= region.start_page && fault_page < region.end_page) {
-                addr = fault_page;
         }
-            const u64 page2 = (fault_addr + 0x3F) >> HostPageBits;
+
-            if (page2 != fault_page && page2 >= region.start_page && page2 < region.end_page) {
+        if (addr != 0 || addr2 != 0) {
-                addr2 = page2;
+            break;
-            }
-            if (addr != 0 || addr2 != 0) break;
         }
     }
 
     if (addr == 0 && addr2 == 0) {
+        // Not our problem
         return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
     }
 
-    LOG_ERROR(HW_Memory, "Accessing an unallocated region of a SparseLargeVector at {:#x}; this shouldn't happen and is likely a Dynarmic error!", fault_addr);
+    LOG_ERROR(HW_Memory, "Accessing an unallocated region of a SparseLargeVector at {:#x}; this shouldn't happen and is likely a Dynarmic error!", exception_addr);
 
-    if (addr != 0 && !CommitVectorPage(addr << HostPageBits, is_write)) {
+    // Commit this region
+    if (addr != 0) {
+        if (!CommitVectorPage(addr << HostPageBits, false)) {
             return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
         }
-    if (addr2 != 0 && !CommitVectorPage(addr2 << HostPageBits, is_write)) {
+    }
+    // Commit next region if needed
+    if (addr2 != 0) {
+        if (!CommitVectorPage(addr2 << HostPageBits, false)) {
             return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
         }
+    }
 
     return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;
 }
 
 bool CommitVectorPage(uintptr_t addr, bool write) noexcept {
     MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION info {};
-    const auto res = VirtualQuery(reinterpret_cast<void*>(addr), &info, sizeof(info));
+    auto res = VirtualQuery(reinterpret_cast<void*>(addr), &info, sizeof(info));
-    const DWORD perm = write ? PAGE_READWRITE : PAGE_READONLY;
-
     if (res == 0) {
         LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Failed to query large buffer region at {:#x} with error {}, will try committing anyway", addr, GetLastError());
-    } else if (info.State == MEM_COMMIT) {
-        DWORD old_protect {};
-        if (!VirtualProtect(reinterpret_cast<void*>(addr), HostPageSize, perm, &old_protect)) {
-            LOG_ERROR(HW_Memory, "VirtualProtect failed at {:#x}, error {}", addr, GetLastError());
-            return false;
-        }
-        return true;
     } else if (info.State != MEM_RESERVE) {
-        LOG_ERROR(HW_Memory, "Tried to commit an unreserved large buffer region at {:#x} (state {:#x})", addr, info.State);
+        LOG_ERROR(HW_Memory, "Tried to commit an unreserved large buffer region at {:#x} that is not mapped or is already committed (state {:#x})", addr, info.State);
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (VirtualAlloc(reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(addr), HostPageSize, MEM_COMMIT, perm) == nullptr) {
+    auto perm = write ? PAGE_READWRITE : PAGE_READONLY;
+    void* res2 = VirtualAlloc(reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(addr), HostPageSize, MEM_COMMIT, perm);
+    if (res2 == nullptr) {
         LOG_ERROR(HW_Memory, "Failed to commit large buffer region at {:#x}, error {}", addr, GetLastError());
         return false;
     }
 
     return true;
 }
-
 #endif
 
 #ifndef MAP_NOCORE
@@ -123,102 +102,56 @@ bool CommitVectorPage(uintptr_t addr, bool write) noexcept {
 
 void DecommitVectorPage(uintptr_t base) noexcept {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
-    if (!VirtualFree(reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(base), HostPageSize, MEM_DECOMMIT)) {
+    VirtualFree(reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(base), HostPageSize, MEM_DECOMMIT);
-        LOG_WARNING(HW_Memory, "VirtualFree(MEM_DECOMMIT) failed at {:#x}, error {}", base, GetLastError());
-    }
 #elif defined(__linux__)
-    if (madvise(reinterpret_cast<void*>(base), HostPageSize, MADV_DONTNEED) != 0) {
+    // Linux's MADV_DONTNEED zeros out pages for us
-        LOG_WARNING(HW_Memory, "madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) failed at {:#x}: {}", base, std::strerror(errno));
+    madvise(reinterpret_cast<void*>(base), HostPageSize, MADV_DONTNEED);
-    }
 #else
-    if (madvise(reinterpret_cast<void*>(base), HostPageSize, MADV_FREE) != 0) {
+    madvise(reinterpret_cast<void*>(base), HostPageSize, MADV_FREE);
-        LOG_WARNING(HW_Memory, "madvise(MADV_FREE) failed at {:#x}: {}", base, std::strerror(errno));
-    }
     std::memset(reinterpret_cast<void*>(base), 0, HostPageSize);
 #endif
 }
 
 void* AllocateMemoryPages(std::size_t size) noexcept {
-    if (size == 0) {
+    if (auto page = HostPageSize; size % page != 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    const auto page = HostPageSize;
-    if (size % page != 0) {
         LOG_WARNING(HW_Memory, "Allocating unaligned large vector with size {:#x}; aligning to {} page size", size, page);
-        if (size > SIZE_MAX - (page - 1)) {
-            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_Memory, "Size {:#x} would overflow page alignment", size);
-            return nullptr;
-        }
         size = AlignUp(size, page);
     }
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
+    // We will never use this memory entirely so instead of committing it up front let's just reserve it and commit each page individually
     void* base = VirtualAlloc(nullptr, size, MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READWRITE);
 
     if (base != nullptr) {
-        {
+        vector_regions.emplace_back(reinterpret_cast<u64>(base), reinterpret_cast<u64>(base) + size);
-            std::lock_guard lock(GetVectorRegionsMutex());
-            GetVectorRegions().push_back({
-                reinterpret_cast<u64>(base) >> HostPageBits,
-                (reinterpret_cast<u64>(base) + size) >> HostPageBits,
-            });
-        }
 
         static std::once_flag flag;
         std::call_once(flag, []() { AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1, FakePageFaultHandler); });
     } else {
+        // Try committing everything instead??
         LOG_WARNING(HW_Memory, "Failed to reserve large vector region with error {}, trying to commit instead..", GetLastError());
         base = VirtualAlloc(nullptr, size, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
     }
     ASSERT_MSG(base, "Failed to reserve {:#x} sized region with error {}", size, GetLastError());
 #else
-    int flags = MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE;
+    void* base = mmap(nullptr, size, PROT_READ, MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_NOCORE, -1, 0);
-#ifdef MAP_NORESERVE
+    if (base == MAP_FAILED)
-    flags |= MAP_NORESERVE;
-#endif
-#if defined(MAP_NOCORE)
-    flags |= MAP_NOCORE;
-#endif
-    void* base = mmap(nullptr, size, PROT_READ, flags, -1, 0);
-    if (base == MAP_FAILED) {
         base = nullptr;
-    }
+    ASSERT_MSG(base, "Failed to allocate {:#x} sized region with error {}", size, strerror(errno));
-#ifdef MADV_HUGEPAGE
-    if (base != nullptr) {
-        madvise(base, size, MADV_HUGEPAGE);
-    }
 #endif
-    ASSERT_MSG(base, "Failed to allocate {:#x} sized region with error {}", size, std::strerror(errno));
-#endif
-
     return base;
 }
 
 void FreeMemoryPages(void* base, [[maybe_unused]] std::size_t size) noexcept {
-    if (base == nullptr) {
+    if (auto page = HostPageSize; size % page != 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (const auto page = HostPageSize; size % page != 0) {
         size = AlignUp(size, page);
     }
-
+    if (!base)
+        return;
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    {
+    ASSERT(VirtualFree(base, 0, MEM_RELEASE));
-        std::lock_guard lock(GetVectorRegionsMutex());
-        auto& regions = GetVectorRegions();
-        const u64 base_page = reinterpret_cast<u64>(base) >> HostPageBits;
-        regions.erase(std::remove_if(regions.begin(), regions.end(),
-            [base_page](const VectorRegion& r) { return r.start_page == base_page; }), regions.end());
-    }
-    if (!VirtualFree(base, 0, MEM_RELEASE)) {
-        LOG_ERROR(HW_Memory, "VirtualFree failed, error {}", GetLastError());
-    }
 #else
-    if (munmap(base, size) != 0) {
+    ASSERT(munmap(base, size) == 0);
-        LOG_ERROR(HW_Memory, "munmap failed: {}", std::strerror(errno));
-    }
 #endif
 }
 

src/common/sparse_large_vector.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
 /* virtual_buffer.h */
@@ -7,14 +7,10 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <array>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <bit>
-#include <cerrno>
+#include <utility>
-#include <cstdlib>
+#include <vector>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <memory>
-#include <type_traits>
 
 #ifndef _WIN32
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -32,9 +28,9 @@ constexpr u64 HostPageBits = 12;
 constexpr u64 HostPageMask = ~(HostPageSize - 1);
 bool CommitVectorPage(uintptr_t addr, bool write) noexcept;
 #else
-inline const u64 HostPageSize = static_cast<u64>(sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE));
+const u64 HostPageSize = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
-inline const u64 HostPageBits = std::countr_zero(HostPageSize);
+const u64 HostPageBits = std::countr_zero(HostPageSize);
-inline const u64 HostPageMask = ~(HostPageSize - 1);
+const u64 HostPageMask = ~(HostPageSize - 1);
 #endif
 
 void* AllocateMemoryPages(std::size_t size) noexcept;
@@ -47,18 +43,20 @@ template <typename T>
     // requires std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>
 class SparseLargeVector final {
 public:
-    SparseLargeVector() = default;
+    constexpr SparseLargeVector() = default;
 
-    explicit SparseLargeVector(std::size_t count) noexcept {
+    explicit SparseLargeVector(std::size_t count) noexcept
-        if (count > SIZE_MAX / sizeof(T)) {
+        : alloc_size{count * sizeof(T)}
-            LOG_CRITICAL(Common_Memory, "SparseLargeVector size overflow: {} elements", count);
+    {
-            return;
+        base_ptr = static_cast<T*>(AllocateMemoryPages(alloc_size));
-        }
+
-        Allocate(count * sizeof(T));
+        // each item in vector holds information for 64 pages
+        auto denom = HostPageSize * 64;
+        committed_pages = std::vector<std::atomic<u64>>((alloc_size + denom - 1) / denom);
     }
 
     ~SparseLargeVector() noexcept {
-        Release();
+        FreeMemoryPages(base_ptr, alloc_size);
     }
 
     SparseLargeVector(const SparseLargeVector&) = delete;
@@ -67,181 +65,145 @@ public:
     SparseLargeVector& operator=(SparseLargeVector&& other) = delete;
 
     void ResizeAndClear(std::size_t count) noexcept {
-        if (count > SIZE_MAX / sizeof(T)) {
+        if (auto const new_size = count * sizeof(T); new_size != alloc_size) {
-            LOG_CRITICAL(Common_Memory, "SparseLargeVector resize overflow: {} elements", count);
+            FreeMemoryPages(base_ptr, alloc_size);
-            return;
+            alloc_size = new_size;
+            base_ptr = static_cast<T*>(AllocateMemoryPages(alloc_size));
+
+            auto denom = HostPageSize * 64;
+            committed_pages = std::vector<std::atomic<u64>>((alloc_size + denom - 1) / denom);
         }
-        const std::size_t new_size = count * sizeof(T);
-        if (new_size == alloc_size) {
-            ZeroRegion(0, alloc_size / sizeof(T));
-            return;
-        }
-        Release();
-        Allocate(new_size);
     }
 
+    /// Returns a reference to the value of the requested index and allocates memory if needed.
     T& GetAndFault(std::size_t index) noexcept {
-        if (base_ptr == nullptr || index >= size()) [[unlikely]] {
+        if (index > alloc_size / sizeof(T)) {
-            LOG_CRITICAL(Common_Memory, "SparseLargeVector RW access out of bounds @ {} (size {})", index, size());
+            UNREACHABLE_MSG("Out of bounds RW access on SparseLargeVector @ {}", index);
-            std::abort();
         }
-        const u64 byte_offset = static_cast<u64>(index) * sizeof(T);
+
-        if (!CommitPage(byte_offset)) [[unlikely]] {
+        if (!IsCommittedPage(index)) {
-            LOG_CRITICAL(Common_Memory, "SparseLargeVector commit failed @ {} (offset {:#x})", index, byte_offset);
+            CommitPage(index);
-            std::abort();
         }
         return base_ptr[index];
     }
 
-    const T& GetOrDefault(std::size_t index) const noexcept {
+    /// Returns a reference to the value of the requested index if initialized, or will otherwise return a zero-initialized object.
-        if (base_ptr == nullptr || index >= size()) [[unlikely]] {
+    const T& GetOrDefault(std::size_t index) const {
-            LOG_CRITICAL(Common_Memory, "SparseLargeVector RO access out of bounds @ {}", index);
-            return DefaultValue();
-        }
 #ifdef _WIN32
-        if (!IsPageCommitted(static_cast<u64>(index) * sizeof(T))) {
+        if (!IsCommittedPage(index)) {
-            return DefaultValue();
+            return *reinterpret_cast<const T*>(&default_val);
         }
 #endif
+        // On non-Windows, OS page table should optimize this by pointing to a zero page if unallocated.
         return base_ptr[index];
     }
 
     void Set(std::size_t index, const T& value) noexcept {
-        if (base_ptr == nullptr || index >= size()) [[unlikely]] {
+        if (index > alloc_size / sizeof(T)) {
-            LOG_CRITICAL(Common_Memory, "SparseLargeVector write out of bounds @ {}", index);
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Common_Memory, "Out of bounds write on SparseLargeVector @ {}", index);
-            return;
-        }
-        const u64 byte_offset = static_cast<u64>(index) * sizeof(T);
-        if (!CommitPage(byte_offset)) [[unlikely]] {
-            LOG_CRITICAL(Common_Memory, "SparseLargeVector commit failed for write @ {}", index);
             return;
         }
+        if (!IsCommittedPage(index))
+            CommitPage(index);
         base_ptr[index] = value;
     }
 
     void ZeroRegion(std::size_t start, std::size_t end_) noexcept {
-        if (base_ptr == nullptr || start >= end_) return;
+        u64 base = reinterpret_cast<u64>(&base_ptr[start]);
+        const u64 end = reinterpret_cast<u64>(&base_ptr[end_]);
 
-        const u64 start_off = static_cast<u64>(start) * sizeof(T);
+        const u64 end_page = AlignUp(base, HostPageSize);
-        const u64 end_off = static_cast<u64>(end_) * sizeof(T);
+        const u64 first_size = (std::min)(end_page, end) - base;
-        const u64 first_page_end = (start_off + HostPageSize - 1) & HostPageMask;
 
-        if (start_off < first_page_end) {
+        if (IsCommittedPage(start)) {
-            const u64 chunk_end = (std::min)(first_page_end, end_off);
+            std::memset(reinterpret_cast<void*>(base), 0, first_size);
-            const u64 chunk_size = chunk_end - start_off;
-            if (chunk_size != 0 && IsPageCommitted(start_off)) {
-                std::memset(reinterpret_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(base_ptr) + start_off), 0, chunk_size);
-            }
-            if (end_off <= first_page_end) return;
         }
 
-        for (u64 off = first_page_end; off < end_off; off += HostPageSize) {
+        if (end <= end_page)
-            if (!IsPageCommitted(off)) continue;
+            return;
-            const u64 remaining = end_off - off;
+
-            if (remaining >= HostPageSize) {
+        base = end_page;
-                DecommitPage(off);
+
+        for (u64 page = base; page < end; page += HostPageSize) {
+            auto index = (page - reinterpret_cast<u64>(base_ptr)) / sizeof(T);
+            if (!IsCommittedPage(index)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (end - page >= HostPageSize) {
+                DecommitPage(index);
             } else {
-                std::memset(reinterpret_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(base_ptr) + off), 0, remaining);
+                std::memset(reinterpret_cast<void*>(page), 0, end - page);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    void CommitRegion(std::size_t index, std::size_t end_) noexcept {
+    constexpr void CommitRegion(size_t index, size_t end_) {
-        if (base_ptr == nullptr || index >= end_) return;
+        const u64 base = static_cast<u64>(index) * sizeof(T);
-        const u64 start_off = static_cast<u64>(index) * sizeof(T);
+        const u64 end = static_cast<u64>(end_) * sizeof(T);
-        const u64 end_off = static_cast<u64>(end_) * sizeof(T);
+
-        const u64 start_page = start_off & HostPageMask;
+        for (u64 page = AlignDown(base, HostPageSize); page < end; page += HostPageSize) {
-        for (u64 off = start_page; off < end_off; off += HostPageSize) {
+            if (!IsCommittedPage(page / sizeof(T))) {
-            if (!IsPageCommitted(off)) {
+                CommitPage(page / sizeof(T));
-                (void)CommitPage(off);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    T& GetUnchecked(std::size_t index) noexcept { return base_ptr[index]; }
+    constexpr T& GetUnchecked(size_t index) {
+        return base_ptr[index];
+    }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] const T& operator[](std::size_t index) const noexcept { return GetOrDefault(index); }
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr const T& operator[](std::size_t index) const noexcept {
-    [[nodiscard]] const T* data() const noexcept { return base_ptr; }
+        return GetOrDefault(index);
-    [[nodiscard]] std::size_t size() const noexcept { return alloc_size / sizeof(T); }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr const T* data() const noexcept {
+        return base_ptr;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr std::size_t size() const noexcept {
+        return alloc_size / sizeof(T);
+    }
 
 private:
-    void Allocate(std::size_t new_size) noexcept {
+    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool IsCommittedPage(std::size_t index) const noexcept {
-        alloc_size = new_size;
+        if (index > alloc_size / sizeof(T)) {
-        if (alloc_size == 0) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Common_Memory, "Out of bounds access on large vector @ {}", index);
-            base_ptr = nullptr;
-            committed_pages.reset();
-            return;
-        }
-        base_ptr = static_cast<T*>(AllocateMemoryPages(alloc_size));
-        const std::size_t num_pages = NumPages();
-        const std::size_t num_words = (num_pages + 63) / 64;
-        committed_pages = std::make_unique<std::atomic<u64>[]>(num_words);
-    }
-
-    void Release() noexcept {
-        if (base_ptr != nullptr) {
-            FreeMemoryPages(base_ptr, alloc_size);
-            base_ptr = nullptr;
-        }
-        committed_pages.reset();
-        alloc_size = 0;
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] u64 NumPages() const noexcept {
-        return (alloc_size + HostPageSize - 1) >> HostPageBits;
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] bool IsPageCommitted(u64 byte_offset) const noexcept {
-        const u64 page_index = byte_offset >> HostPageBits;
-        if (committed_pages == nullptr || page_index >= NumPages()) return false;
-        const auto val = committed_pages[page_index >> 6].load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-        return (val >> (page_index & 63)) & 1;
-    }
-
-    void SetPageBit(u64 page_index, bool value) noexcept {
-        if (committed_pages == nullptr) return;
-        const u64 bit = 1ULL << (page_index & 63);
-        auto& atom = committed_pages[page_index >> 6];
-        if (value) {
-            atom.fetch_or(bit, std::memory_order_release);
-        } else {
-            atom.fetch_and(~bit, std::memory_order_release);
-        }
-    }
-
-    bool CommitPage(u64 byte_offset) noexcept {
-        const u64 page_index = byte_offset >> HostPageBits;
-        const uintptr_t page_addr = (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(base_ptr) + byte_offset) & HostPageMask;
-
-        if (IsPageCommitted(byte_offset)) return true;
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-        if (!CommitVectorPage(page_addr, true)) return false;
-#else
-        if (mprotect(reinterpret_cast<void*>(page_addr), HostPageSize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE) != 0) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Common_Memory, "mprotect failed at {:#x}: {}", page_addr, std::strerror(errno));
             return false;
         }
+
+        auto page = (index * sizeof(T)) >> HostPageBits;
+        auto val = committed_pages[page >> 6].load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+        return (val >> (page & 63)) & 1;
+    }
+
+    constexpr void CommitPage(std::size_t index) noexcept {
+        auto page_index = (index * sizeof(T)) >> HostPageBits;
+        auto page = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(base_ptr + index) & HostPageMask;
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+        CommitVectorPage(page, true);
+#else
+        mprotect(reinterpret_cast<void*>(page), HostPageSize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
 #endif
-        SetPageBit(page_index, true);
+
-        return true;
+        committed_pages[page_index >> 6].fetch_or(1ULL << (page_index & 63), std::memory_order_release);
     }
 
-    void DecommitPage(u64 byte_offset) noexcept {
+    constexpr void DecommitPage(std::size_t index) noexcept {
-        const u64 page_index = byte_offset >> HostPageBits;
+        auto page_index = (index * sizeof(T)) >> HostPageBits;
-        const uintptr_t page_addr = (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(base_ptr) + byte_offset) & HostPageMask;
+        auto page = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(base_ptr + index) & HostPageMask;
-        DecommitVectorPage(page_addr);
-        SetPageBit(page_index, false);
-    }
 
-    [[nodiscard]] const T& DefaultValue() const noexcept {
+        committed_pages[page_index >> 6].fetch_and(~(1ULL << (page_index & 63)), std::memory_order_release);
-        return *reinterpret_cast<const T*>(&default_val);
+        DecommitVectorPage(page);
     }
 
     std::size_t alloc_size{};
     T* base_ptr{};
-    std::unique_ptr<std::atomic<u64>[]> committed_pages{};
+
-    alignas(T) const std::array<u8, sizeof(T)> default_val{};
+    std::vector<std::atomic<u64>> committed_pages{};
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    const std::array<u8, sizeof(T)> default_val{};
+#endif
 };
 
 } // namespace Common

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ public:
             if (host_visible) {
                 return StagingBufferRef{};
             }
-            return staging_pool.Request(size_bytes, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+            return staging_pool.Request(device, size_bytes, MemoryUsage::Upload);
         }();
 
         u8* staging_data = host_visible ? buffer.Mapped().data() : staging.mapped_span.data();
@@ -375,11 +375,11 @@ BufferCacheRuntime::BufferCacheRuntime(const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& m
 }
 
 StagingBufferRef BufferCacheRuntime::UploadStagingBuffer(size_t size) {
-    return staging_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+    return staging_pool.Request(device, size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
 }
 
 StagingBufferRef BufferCacheRuntime::DownloadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred) {
-    return staging_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::Download, deferred);
+    return staging_pool.Request(device, size, MemoryUsage::Download, deferred);
 }
 
 VkFormat BufferCacheRuntime::TexelBufferFormat(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat format) const {

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ public:
     std::span<u8> BindMappedUniformBuffer([[maybe_unused]] size_t stage,
                                           [[maybe_unused]] u32 binding_index,
                                           u32 size) {
-        const StagingBufferRef ref = staging_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+        const StagingBufferRef ref = staging_pool.Request(device, size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
         guest_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(ref.buffer, ref.device_address,
                                          static_cast<u32>(ref.offset), size);
         return ref.mapped_span;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.cpp

@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ Uint8Pass::~Uint8Pass() = default;
 std::pair<VkBuffer, VkDeviceSize> Uint8Pass::Assemble(u32 num_vertices, VkBuffer src_buffer,
                                                       u32 src_offset) {
     const u32 staging_size = static_cast<u32>(num_vertices * sizeof(u16));
-    const auto staging = staging_buffer_pool.Request(staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
+    const auto staging = staging_buffer_pool.Request(device, staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
 
     compute_pass_descriptor_queue.Acquire(scheduler, 2);
     compute_pass_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(src_buffer, src_offset, num_vertices);
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ std::pair<VkBuffer, VkDeviceSize> QuadIndexedPass::Assemble(
     const u32 num_tri_vertices = (is_strip ? (num_vertices - 2) / 2 : num_vertices / 4) * 6;
 
     const std::size_t staging_size = num_tri_vertices * sizeof(u32);
-    const auto staging = staging_buffer_pool.Request(staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
+    const auto staging = staging_buffer_pool.Request(device, staging_size, MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
 
     compute_pass_descriptor_queue.Acquire(scheduler, 2);
     compute_pass_descriptor_queue.AddBuffer(src_buffer, src_offset, input_size);

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_query_cache.cpp

@@ -852,7 +852,7 @@ public:
 
     void PushUnsyncedQueries() override {
         CloseCounter();
-        auto staging_ref = staging_pool.Request(
+        auto staging_ref = staging_pool.Request(device,
             pending_flush_queries.size() * TFBQueryBank::QUERY_SIZE, MemoryUsage::Download, true);
         size_t offset_base = staging_ref.offset;
         for (auto q : pending_flush_queries) {
@@ -1657,7 +1657,7 @@ void QueryCacheRuntime::SyncValues(std::span<SyncValuesType> values, VkBuffer ba
     impl->copies_setup.clear();
     impl->copies_setup.resize(impl->little_cache.size());
     if constexpr (SyncValuesType::GeneratesBaseBuffer) {
-        ref = impl->staging_pool.Request(total_size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+        ref = impl->staging_pool.Request(impl->device, total_size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
         size_t current_offset = ref.offset;
         size_t accumulated_size = 0;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.cpp

@@ -28,55 +28,42 @@ using namespace Common::Literals;
 // Maximum potential alignment of a Vulkan buffer
 constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_ALIGNMENT = 256;
 
-// Stream buffer size in bytes
+size_t GetStreamBufferSize(const Device& device, size_t max_stream_buffer_size, size_t max_alignment) {
-// *NIX drivers are more sensitive to increased buffers for streaming.
-// Windows ones however, can intake bigger buffers and generally do not OOM.
-// - GTX 960 on Windows will not OOM with 256mib
-// - GT 1030 on ^NIX will OOM with 256mib
-#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
-constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 128_MiB;
-#else
-constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 256_MiB;
-#endif
-
-size_t GetStreamBufferSize(const Device& device) {
     if (!device.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
-        return MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE;
+        return max_stream_buffer_size;
     }
 
     VkDeviceSize size{0};
     bool has_device_local_host_visible_heap{};
-    ForEachDeviceLocalHostVisibleHeap(device, [&size, &has_device_local_host_visible_heap](
+    ForEachDeviceLocalHostVisibleHeap(device, [&size, &has_device_local_host_visible_heap](size_t index, VkMemoryHeap& heap) {
-                                                  size_t index, VkMemoryHeap& heap) {
         has_device_local_host_visible_heap = true;
-        size = (std::max)(size, heap.size);
+        size = std::max<size_t>(size, heap.size);
     });
     if (has_device_local_host_visible_heap) {
         // If rebar is not supported, cut the max heap size to 40%. This will allow 2 captures to be
         // loaded at the same time in RenderDoc. If rebar is supported, this shouldn't be an issue
         // as the heap will be much larger.
-        if (size <= MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+        if (size <= max_stream_buffer_size) {
             size = size * 40 / 100;
         }
     } else {
-        size = MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE;
+        size = max_stream_buffer_size;
     }
-    return (std::min)(Common::AlignUp(size, MAX_ALIGNMENT), MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    return std::min<size_t>(Common::AlignUp(size, max_alignment), max_stream_buffer_size);
 }
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-StagingBufferPool::StagingBufferPool(const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_,
+StagingBufferPool::StagingBufferPool(const Device& device, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator_, Scheduler& scheduler_)
-                                     Scheduler& scheduler_)
+    : memory_allocator{memory_allocator_}, scheduler{scheduler_}
-    : device{device_}, memory_allocator{memory_allocator_}, scheduler{scheduler_},
+    , stream_buffer_size{GetStreamBufferSize(device, 256_MiB, MAX_ALIGNMENT)}
-      stream_buffer_size{GetStreamBufferSize(device)}, region_size{stream_buffer_size /
+{
-                                                                   StagingBufferPool::NUM_SYNCS} {
     VkBufferCreateInfo stream_ci = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
         .pNext = nullptr,
         .flags = 0,
         .size = stream_buffer_size,
-        .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT |
+        .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT
-                 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT,
+            | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT,
         .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
         .queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
         .pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
@@ -87,7 +74,16 @@ StagingBufferPool::StagingBufferPool(const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& mem
     if (device.IsBufferDeviceAddressSupported()) {
         stream_ci.usage |= VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT;
     }
+    // Some drivers are more sensitive to increased buffer sizes
+    try {
         stream_buffer = memory_allocator.CreateBuffer(stream_ci, MemoryUsage::Stream);
+    } catch (vk::Exception& e) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Render_Vulkan, "Can't fit {} bytes buffer, halving", stream_ci.size);
+        stream_buffer_size = GetStreamBufferSize(device, 128_MiB, MAX_ALIGNMENT);
+        stream_ci.size = stream_buffer_size;
+        stream_buffer = memory_allocator.CreateBuffer(stream_ci, MemoryUsage::Stream);
+    }
+    region_size = stream_buffer_size / StagingBufferPool::NUM_SYNCS;
     if (device.HasDebuggingToolAttached()) {
         stream_buffer.SetObjectNameEXT("Stream Buffer");
     }
@@ -100,11 +96,10 @@ StagingBufferPool::StagingBufferPool(const Device& device_, MemoryAllocator& mem
 
 StagingBufferPool::~StagingBufferPool() = default;
 
-StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::Request(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred) {
+StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::Request(const Device& device, size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred) {
-    if (!deferred && usage == MemoryUsage::Upload && size <= region_size) {
+    return (!deferred && usage == MemoryUsage::Upload && size <= region_size)
-        return GetStreamBuffer(size);
+        ? GetStreamBuffer(device, size)
-    }
+        : GetStagingBuffer(device, size, usage, deferred);
-    return GetStagingBuffer(size, usage, deferred);
 }
 
 void StagingBufferPool::FreeDeferred(StagingBufferRef& ref) {
@@ -127,11 +122,10 @@ void StagingBufferPool::TickFrame() {
     ReleaseCache(MemoryUsage::Download);
 }
 
-StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStreamBuffer(size_t size) {
+StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStreamBuffer(const Device& device, size_t size) {
-    if (AreRegionsActive(Region(free_iterator) + 1,
+    if (AreRegionsActive(Region(free_iterator) + 1, (std::min)(Region(iterator + size) + 1, NUM_SYNCS))) {
-                         (std::min)(Region(iterator + size) + 1, NUM_SYNCS))) {
         // Avoid waiting for the previous usages to be free
-        return GetStagingBuffer(size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+        return GetStagingBuffer(device, size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
     }
     const u64 current_tick = scheduler.CurrentTick();
     std::fill(sync_ticks.begin() + Region(used_iterator), sync_ticks.begin() + Region(iterator),
@@ -140,15 +134,14 @@ StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStreamBuffer(size_t size) {
     free_iterator = (std::max)(free_iterator, iterator + size);
 
     if (iterator + size >= stream_buffer_size) {
-        std::fill(sync_ticks.begin() + Region(used_iterator), sync_ticks.begin() + NUM_SYNCS,
+        std::fill(sync_ticks.begin() + Region(used_iterator), sync_ticks.begin() + NUM_SYNCS, current_tick);
-                  current_tick);
         used_iterator = 0;
         iterator = 0;
         free_iterator = size;
 
         if (AreRegionsActive(0, Region(size) + 1)) {
             // Avoid waiting for the previous usages to be free
-            return GetStagingBuffer(size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
+            return GetStagingBuffer(device, size, MemoryUsage::Upload);
         }
     }
     const size_t offset = iterator;
@@ -156,7 +149,7 @@ StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStreamBuffer(size_t size) {
     return StagingBufferRef{
         .buffer = *stream_buffer,
         .device_address = stream_buffer_address,
-        .offset = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(offset),
+        .offset = VkDeviceSize(offset),
         .mapped_span = stream_pointer.subspan(offset, size),
         .usage{},
         .log2_level{},
@@ -166,21 +159,18 @@ StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStreamBuffer(size_t size) {
 
 bool StagingBufferPool::AreRegionsActive(size_t region_begin, size_t region_end) const {
     const u64 gpu_tick = scheduler.GetMasterSemaphore().KnownGpuTick();
-    return std::any_of(sync_ticks.begin() + region_begin, sync_ticks.begin() + region_end,
+    return std::any_of(sync_ticks.begin() + region_begin, sync_ticks.begin() + region_end, [gpu_tick](u64 sync_tick) {
-                       [gpu_tick](u64 sync_tick) { return gpu_tick < sync_tick; });
+        return gpu_tick < sync_tick;
+    });
 };
 
-StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStagingBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage,
+StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::GetStagingBuffer(const Device& device, size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred) {
-                                                     bool deferred) {
+    if (const std::optional<StagingBufferRef> ref = TryGetReservedBuffer(size, usage, deferred))
-    if (const std::optional<StagingBufferRef> ref = TryGetReservedBuffer(size, usage, deferred)) {
         return *ref;
-    }
+    return CreateStagingBuffer(device, size, usage, deferred);
-    return CreateStagingBuffer(size, usage, deferred);
 }
 
-std::optional<StagingBufferRef> StagingBufferPool::TryGetReservedBuffer(size_t size,
+std::optional<StagingBufferRef> StagingBufferPool::TryGetReservedBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred) {
-                                                                        MemoryUsage usage,
-                                                                        bool deferred) {
     StagingBuffers& cache_level = GetCache(usage)[Common::Log2Ceil(size)];
 
     const auto is_free = [this](const StagingBuffer& entry) {
@@ -202,7 +192,7 @@ std::optional<StagingBufferRef> StagingBufferPool::TryGetReservedBuffer(size_t s
     return it->Ref();
 }
 
-StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::CreateStagingBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred) {
+StagingBufferRef StagingBufferPool::CreateStagingBuffer(const Device& device, size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred) {
     auto const log2_size = Common::Log2Ceil<u32>(u32(size));
     VkBufferCreateInfo buffer_ci = {
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_staging_buffer_pool.h

@@ -33,11 +33,10 @@ class StagingBufferPool {
 public:
     static constexpr size_t NUM_SYNCS = 16;
 
-    explicit StagingBufferPool(const Device& device, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator,
+    explicit StagingBufferPool(const Device& device, MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator, Scheduler& scheduler);
-                               Scheduler& scheduler);
     ~StagingBufferPool();
 
-    StagingBufferRef Request(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred = false);
+    StagingBufferRef Request(const Device& device, size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred = false);
     void FreeDeferred(StagingBufferRef& ref);
 
     [[nodiscard]] VkBuffer StreamBuf() const noexcept {
@@ -84,27 +83,18 @@ private:
     static constexpr size_t NUM_LEVELS = sizeof(size_t) * CHAR_BIT;
     using StagingBuffersCache = std::array<StagingBuffers, NUM_LEVELS>;
 
-    StagingBufferRef GetStreamBuffer(size_t size);
+    StagingBufferRef GetStreamBuffer(const Device& device, size_t size);
-
     bool AreRegionsActive(size_t region_begin, size_t region_end) const;
-
+    StagingBufferRef GetStagingBuffer(const Device& device, size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred = false);
-    StagingBufferRef GetStagingBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred = false);
+    std::optional<StagingBufferRef> TryGetReservedBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred);
-
+    StagingBufferRef CreateStagingBuffer(const Device& device, size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred);
-    std::optional<StagingBufferRef> TryGetReservedBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage,
-                                                         bool deferred);
-
-    StagingBufferRef CreateStagingBuffer(size_t size, MemoryUsage usage, bool deferred);
-
     StagingBuffersCache& GetCache(MemoryUsage usage);
-
     void ReleaseCache(MemoryUsage usage);
-
     void ReleaseLevel(StagingBuffersCache& cache, size_t log2);
     size_t Region(size_t iter) const noexcept {
         return iter / region_size;
     }
 
-    const Device& device;
     MemoryAllocator& memory_allocator;
     Scheduler& scheduler;
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp

@@ -975,11 +975,11 @@ void TextureCacheRuntime::Finish() {
 }
 
 StagingBufferRef TextureCacheRuntime::UploadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred) {
-    return staging_buffer_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::Upload, deferred);
+    return staging_buffer_pool.Request(device, size, MemoryUsage::Upload, deferred);
 }
 
 StagingBufferRef TextureCacheRuntime::DownloadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred) {
-    return staging_buffer_pool.Request(size, MemoryUsage::Download, deferred);
+    return staging_buffer_pool.Request(device, size, MemoryUsage::Download, deferred);
 }
 
 void TextureCacheRuntime::FreeDeferredStagingBuffer(StagingBufferRef& ref) {