fix filepath when launching another program index

Merge branch 'master' into feat/qlaunch-ovl-fixes
# Conflicts: # src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_manager.cpp # src/core/hle/service/pctl/parental_control_service.h # src/yuzu_cmd/yuzu.cpp
2026-08-27 09:23:01 +00:00 · 2026-08-23 12:14:38 +02:00 · 2026-08-23 00:53:11 +02:00 · 2026-08-23 00:46:36 +02:00 · 2026-08-04 08:39:30 +02:00 · 2026-08-04 08:39:30 +02:00
107 changed files with 1808 additions and 1915 deletions
@@ -328,6 +328,9 @@ Core::SystemResultStatus EmulationSession::InitializeEmulation(const std::string
    m_system.GetCpuManager().OnGpuReady();
    m_system.RegisterExitCallback([&] { HaltEmulation(); });

+    m_system.RegisterApplicationChangedCallback(
+        [&](u64 changed_program_id) { RequestDiskShaderCacheReload(changed_program_id); });
+
    // Register an ExecuteProgram callback such that Core can execute a sub-program
    m_system.RegisterExecuteProgramCallback([&](std::size_t program_index_) {
        m_next_program_index = program_index_;
@@ -407,20 +410,58 @@ void EmulationSession::RunEmulation() {
    }

    while (true) {
+        std::optional<u64> reload_title;
        {
            [[maybe_unused]] std::unique_lock lock(m_mutex);
-            if (m_cv.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(800),
-                              [&]() { return !m_is_running; })) {
-                // Emulation halted.
-                break;
+            if (m_cv.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(800), [&]() {
+                    return !m_is_running || m_pending_shader_cache_title.has_value();
+                })) {
+                if (!m_is_running) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                reload_title = std::exchange(m_pending_shader_cache_title, std::nullopt);
            }
        }
+
+        if (reload_title.has_value())
+            ReloadDiskShaderCache(*reload_title);
    }

    // Reset current applet ID.
    m_applet_id = static_cast<int>(Service::AM::AppletId::Application);
 }

+void EmulationSession::RequestDiskShaderCacheReload(u64 program_id) {
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(m_mutex);
+        m_pending_shader_cache_title = program_id;
+    }
+    m_cv.notify_one();
+}
+
+void EmulationSession::ReloadDiskShaderCache(u64 program_id) {
+    if (!Settings::values.use_disk_shader_cache.GetValue())
+        return;
+
+    LOG_INFO(Frontend, "Reloading disk shader cache for {:016X}", program_id);
+
+    const bool was_paused = m_is_paused;
+
+    m_system.Pause();
+    m_system.GPU().WaitForIdle();
+    m_system.GPU().ObtainContext();
+
+    LoadDiskCacheProgress(VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage::Prepare, 0, 0);
+    m_system.Renderer().ReadRasterizer()->LoadDiskResources(program_id, std::stop_token{},
+                                                            LoadDiskCacheProgress);
+    LoadDiskCacheProgress(VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage::Complete, 0, 0);
+
+    m_system.GPU().ReleaseContext();
+
+    if (!was_paused)
+        m_system.Run();
+}
+
 Common::Android::SoftwareKeyboard::AndroidKeyboard* EmulationSession::SoftwareKeyboard() {
    return m_software_keyboard;
 }
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

+#include <optional>
+
 #include <android/native_window_jni.h>
 #include "common/android/applets/software_keyboard.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ public:
    void HaltEmulation();
    void RunEmulation();
    void ShutdownEmulation();
+    void RequestDiskShaderCacheReload(u64 program_id);

    const Core::PerfStatsResults& PerfStats();
    int ShadersBuilding();
@@ -65,6 +68,7 @@ private:
    static void LoadDiskCacheProgress(VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage stage, int progress, int max);
    static void OnEmulationStopped(Core::SystemResultStatus result);
    static void ChangeProgram(std::size_t program_index);
+    void ReloadDiskShaderCache(u64 program_id);

 private:
    // Window management
@@ -83,6 +87,7 @@ private:
    Common::Android::SoftwareKeyboard::AndroidKeyboard* m_software_keyboard{};
    std::unique_ptr<FileSys::ManualContentProvider> m_manual_provider;
    int m_applet_id{1};
+    std::optional<u64> m_pending_shader_cache_title;

    // GPU driver parameters
    std::shared_ptr<Common::DynamicLibrary> m_vulkan_library;
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@

 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>
+#include <filesystem>
 #include <memory>
 #include <utility>

@@ -295,6 +296,8 @@ struct System::Impl {
    SystemResultStatus Load(System& system, Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath, Service::AM::FrontendAppletParameters& params) {
        InitializeKernel(system);

+        system.SetCurrentApplicationFilePath(filepath);
+
        const auto file = GetGameFileFromPath(virtual_filesystem, filepath);

        // Create the application process
@@ -330,7 +333,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
        LaunchTimestampCache::SaveLaunchTimestamp(params.program_id);

        // Make the process created be the application
-        kernel.MakeApplicationProcess(process->GetHandle());
+        kernel.SetApplicationProcess(process->GetHandle());

        // Set up the rest of the system.
        SystemResultStatus init_result{SetupForApplicationProcess(system, emu_window)};
@@ -467,6 +470,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
    Core::SpeedLimiter speed_limiter;
    ExecuteProgramCallback execute_program_callback;
    ExitCallback exit_callback;
+    ApplicationChangedCallback application_changed_callback;

    std::optional<Service::Services> services;
    std::optional<Core::Debugger> debugger;
@@ -488,6 +492,8 @@ struct System::Impl {
    std::array<u64, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> dynarmic_ticks{};
    std::array<u8, 0x20> build_id{};

+    std::string current_application_filepath;
+
    /// Service manager
    std::shared_ptr<Service::SM::ServiceManager> service_manager;
    /// ContentProviderUnion instance
@@ -727,7 +733,25 @@ const Core::SpeedLimiter& System::SpeedLimiter() const {
 }

 u64 System::GetApplicationProcessProgramID() const {
-    return impl->kernel.ApplicationProcess()->GetProgramId();
+    const auto* const process = impl->kernel.ApplicationProcess();
+    return process != nullptr ? process->GetProgramId() : 0;
+}
+
+u64 System::GetProgramIdForProcessId(u64 process_id) const {
+    auto process = impl->kernel.GetProcessByProcessId(process_id);
+    return process.IsNull() ? 0 : process->GetProgramId();
+}
+
+u64 System::ResolveCallerProgramId(u64 process_id) const {
+    if (const auto program_id = this->GetProgramIdForProcessId(process_id); program_id != 0) {
+        return program_id;
+    }
+
+    const auto fallback = this->GetApplicationProcessProgramID();
+    LOG_WARNING(Core,
+                "Could not resolve caller process_id={}, falling back to application {:016X}",
+                process_id, fallback);
+    return fallback;
 }

 Loader::ResultStatus System::GetGameName(std::string& out) const {
@@ -910,6 +934,14 @@ void System::ExecuteProgram(std::size_t program_index) {
    }
 }

+const std::string& System::GetCurrentApplicationFilePath() const {
+    return impl->current_application_filepath;
+}
+
+void System::SetCurrentApplicationFilePath(const std::string& filepath) {
+    impl->current_application_filepath = filepath;
+}
+
 /// @brief Gets a reference to the user channel stack.
 /// It is used to transfer data between programs.
 std::vector<std::vector<u8>>& System::GetUserChannel() {
@@ -961,6 +993,18 @@ void System::Exit() {
    }
 }

+void System::RegisterApplicationChangedCallback(ApplicationChangedCallback&& callback) {
+    impl->application_changed_callback = std::move(callback);
+}
+
+void System::NotifyApplicationChanged(u64 program_id) {
+    //LOG_DEBUG(Core, "Running application changed to {:016X}", program_id);
+
+    if (impl->application_changed_callback) {
+        impl->application_changed_callback(program_id);
+    }
+}
+
 void System::ApplySettings() {
    impl->RefreshTime(*this);

@@ -322,6 +322,10 @@ public:

    [[nodiscard]] u64 GetApplicationProcessProgramID() const;

+    [[nodiscard]] u64 GetProgramIdForProcessId(u64 process_id) const;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] u64 ResolveCallerProgramId(u64 process_id) const;
+
    /// Gets the name of the current game
    [[nodiscard]] Loader::ResultStatus GetGameName(std::string& out) const;

@@ -423,6 +427,9 @@ public:
    bool TryPopGeneralChannel(std::vector<u8>& out_data);
    [[nodiscard]] Service::Event& GetGeneralChannelEvent();

+    [[nodiscard]] const std::string& GetCurrentApplicationFilePath() const;
+    void SetCurrentApplicationFilePath(const std::string& filepath);
+
    /// Type used for the frontend to designate a callback for System to exit the application.
    using ExitCallback = std::function<void()>;

@@ -435,6 +442,10 @@ public:
    /// Instructs the frontend to exit the application.
    void Exit();

+    using ApplicationChangedCallback = std::function<void(u64 program_id)>;
+    void RegisterApplicationChangedCallback(ApplicationChangedCallback&& callback);
+    void NotifyApplicationChanged(u64 program_id);
+
    /// Applies any changes to settings to this core instance.
    void ApplySettings();

@@ -349,9 +349,18 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
        object_name_global_data.emplace(kernel);
    }

-    void MakeApplicationProcess(KernelCore& kernel, KProcess* process) {
+    void SetApplicationProcess(KernelCore& kernel, KProcess* process) {
+        if (application_process == process)
+            return;
+
+        KProcess* const previous = application_process;
        application_process = process;
-        application_process->Open(kernel);
+
+        if (application_process != nullptr)
+            application_process->Open(kernel);
+
+        if (previous != nullptr)
+            previous->Close(kernel);
    }

    /// Sets the host thread ID for the caller.
@@ -879,8 +888,8 @@ void KernelCore::RemoveProcess(KProcess* process) {
    }
 }

-void KernelCore::MakeApplicationProcess(KProcess* process) {
-    impl->MakeApplicationProcess(*this, process);
+void KernelCore::SetApplicationProcess(KProcess* process) {
+    impl->SetApplicationProcess(*this, process);
 }

 KProcess* KernelCore::ApplicationProcess() {
@@ -891,6 +900,14 @@ const KProcess* KernelCore::ApplicationProcess() const {
    return impl->application_process;
 }

+KScopedAutoObject<KProcess> KernelCore::GetProcessByProcessId(u64 process_id) {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{impl->process_list_lock};
+    for (auto* const process : impl->process_list)
+        if (process != nullptr && process->GetProcessId() == process_id)
+            return {*this, process};
+    return {*this, nullptr};
+}
+
 std::list<KScopedAutoObject<KProcess>> KernelCore::GetProcessList() {
    std::list<KScopedAutoObject<KProcess>> processes;
    std::scoped_lock lk{impl->process_list_lock};
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ public:
    void AppendNewProcess(KProcess* process);
    void RemoveProcess(KProcess* process);

-    /// Makes the given process the new application process.
-    void MakeApplicationProcess(KProcess* process);
+    /// Makes the given process the current application process.
+    void SetApplicationProcess(KProcess* process);

    /// Retrieves a pointer to the application process.
    KProcess* ApplicationProcess();
@@ -133,6 +133,9 @@ public:
    /// Retrieves a const pointer to the application process.
    const KProcess* ApplicationProcess() const;

+    /// Retrieves the process with the given process ID, or a null object.
+    KScopedAutoObject<KProcess> GetProcessByProcessId(u64 process_id);
+
    /// Retrieves the list of processes.
    std::list<KScopedAutoObject<KProcess>> GetProcessList();

@@ -17,12 +17,56 @@

 namespace Kernel::Svc {

+constexpr auto MAX_MSG_TIME = std::chrono::milliseconds(250);
+const auto MAX_MSG_SIZE = 0x1000;
+
 /// Used to output a message on a debug hardware unit - does nothing on a retail unit
 Result OutputDebugString(Core::System& system, u64 address, u64 len) {
+    static struct DebugFlusher {
+        std::string msg_buffer;
+        std::mutex msg_mutex;
+        std::condition_variable msg_cv;
+        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_msg_time;
+        std::optional<std::jthread> thread;
+    } flusher_data;
    R_SUCCEED_IF(len == 0);
-    std::string msg_buffer(len, 0);
-    GetCurrentMemory(system.Kernel()).ReadBlock(address, msg_buffer.data(), len);
-    LOG_INFO(Debug_Emulated, "{}", msg_buffer);
+    // Only start the thread the very first time this function is called
+    if (!flusher_data.thread) {
+        flusher_data.thread.emplace([](std::stop_token stop_token) {
+            while (!stop_token.stop_requested()) {
+                std::unique_lock lock(flusher_data.msg_mutex);
+                flusher_data.msg_cv.wait(lock, [&stop_token] {
+                    return !flusher_data.msg_buffer.empty() || stop_token.stop_requested();
+                });
+                if (stop_token.stop_requested() && flusher_data.msg_buffer.empty())
+                    break;
+                auto timeout = flusher_data.last_msg_time + MAX_MSG_TIME;
+                bool woke_early = flusher_data.msg_cv.wait_until(lock, timeout, [&stop_token] {
+                    return flusher_data.msg_buffer.size() >= MAX_MSG_SIZE || stop_token.stop_requested();
+                });
+                if (!woke_early || flusher_data.msg_buffer.size() >= MAX_MSG_SIZE || stop_token.stop_requested()) {
+                    if (!flusher_data.msg_buffer.empty()) {
+                        // Remove trailing newline as LOG_INFO adds that anyways
+                        if (flusher_data.msg_buffer.back() == '\n')
+                            flusher_data.msg_buffer.pop_back();
+
+                        LOG_INFO(Debug_Emulated, "\n{}", flusher_data.msg_buffer);
+                        flusher_data.msg_buffer.clear();
+                    }
+                    if (stop_token.stop_requested()) break;
+                }
+            }
+            flusher_data.msg_cv.notify_all();
+        });
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(flusher_data.msg_mutex);
+        const auto old_size = flusher_data.msg_buffer.size();
+        flusher_data.msg_buffer.resize(old_size + len);
+        GetCurrentMemory(system.Kernel()).ReadBlock(address, flusher_data.msg_buffer.data() + old_size, len);
+        flusher_data.last_msg_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    }
+    flusher_data.msg_cv.notify_one();
    R_SUCCEED();
 }

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

@@ -10,6 +13,7 @@ namespace Service::AM {
 constexpr Result ResultNoDataInChannel{ErrorModule::AM, 2};
 constexpr Result ResultNoMessages{ErrorModule::AM, 3};
 constexpr Result ResultLibraryAppletTerminated{ErrorModule::AM, 22};
+constexpr Result ResultApplicationRecordNotFound{ErrorModule::AM, 37};
 constexpr Result ResultInvalidOffset{ErrorModule::AM, 503};
 constexpr Result ResultInvalidStorageType{ErrorModule::AM, 511};
 constexpr Result ResultFatalSectionCountImbalance{ErrorModule::AM, 512};
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -201,6 +201,14 @@ enum class ProgramSpecifyKind : u32 {
    RestartProgram = 2,
 };

+// Maufeat: Use enums for zindex instead of using random zindex numbers
+enum AppletZIndex : s32 {
+    Background = 0,
+    Foreground = 1,
+    ForegroundVisible = 2,
+    Overlay = 3,
+};
+
 struct CommonArguments {
    CommonArgumentVersion arguments_version;
    CommonArgumentSize size;
@@ -56,22 +56,22 @@ void Applet::UpdateSuspensionStateLocked(bool force_message) {
    }
 }

-void Applet::SetInteractibleLocked(bool interactible) {
-    if (is_interactible == interactible) {
+void Applet::SetInteractibleLocked(bool pad_interactible, bool touch_interactible) {
+    if (is_pad_interactible == pad_interactible && is_touch_interactible == touch_interactible) {
        return;
    }

-    is_interactible = interactible;
+    is_pad_interactible = pad_interactible;
+    is_touch_interactible = touch_interactible;

    const bool exit_requested = lifecycle_manager.GetExitRequested();
-    const bool input_enabled = interactible && !exit_requested;
+    const bool pad_enabled = pad_interactible && !exit_requested;
+    const bool touch_enabled = touch_interactible && !exit_requested;

-    if (applet_id == AppletId::OverlayDisplay || applet_id == AppletId::Application) {
-        LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called, applet={} interactible={} exit_requested={} input_enabled={} overlay_in_foreground={}",
-                 static_cast<u32>(applet_id), interactible, exit_requested, input_enabled, overlay_in_foreground);
-    }
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "applet={} pad={} touch={} exit_requested={}",
+              static_cast<u32>(applet_id), pad_enabled, touch_enabled, exit_requested);

-    hid_registration.EnableAppletToGetInput(input_enabled);
+    hid_registration.EnableAppletToGetInput(pad_enabled, touch_enabled);
 }

 void Applet::OnProcessTerminatedLocked() {
@@ -125,9 +125,11 @@ struct Applet {
    bool album_image_taken_notification_enabled{};
    bool record_volume_muted{};
    bool is_activity_runnable{};
-    bool is_interactible{true};
+    bool is_pad_interactible{true};
+    bool is_touch_interactible{true};
    bool window_visible{true};
-    bool overlay_in_foreground{false};
+    bool overlay_watching_short_home_button{false};
+    bool overlay_handling_touch_input{false};

    // Events
    Event overlay_event;
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ struct Applet {

    // Process state management
    void UpdateSuspensionStateLocked(bool force_message);
-    void SetInteractibleLocked(bool interactible);
+    void SetInteractibleLocked(bool pad_interactible, bool touch_interactible);
    void OnProcessTerminatedLocked();
 };

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@

 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/display_layer_manager.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/nvnflinger/hwc_layer.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/sm/sm.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/vi/application_display_service.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/vi/container.h"
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ void DisplayLayerManager::Initialize(Core::System& system, Kernel::KProcess* pro
    m_system_shared_buffer_id = 0;
    m_system_shared_layer_id = 0;
    m_applet_id = applet_id;
+    m_library_applet_mode = mode;
    m_buffer_sharing_enabled = false;
    m_blending_enabled = mode == LibraryAppletMode::PartialForeground ||
                         mode == LibraryAppletMode::PartialForegroundIndirectDisplay;
@@ -72,14 +74,16 @@ Result DisplayLayerManager::CreateManagedDisplayLayer(u64* out_layer_id) {
        out_layer_id, 0, display_id, Service::AppletResourceUserId{m_process->GetProcessId()}));

    m_manager_display_service->SetLayerVisibility(m_visible, *out_layer_id);
+    (void)m_display_service->GetContainer()->SetLayerStackMask(*out_layer_id,
+                                                              this->GetLayerStackMask());

    if (m_applet_id != AppletId::Application) {
        (void)m_manager_display_service->SetLayerBlending(m_blending_enabled, *out_layer_id);
        if (m_applet_id == AppletId::OverlayDisplay) {
-            (void)m_manager_display_service->SetLayerZIndex(-1, *out_layer_id);
+            (void)m_manager_display_service->SetLayerZIndex(Overlay, *out_layer_id);
            (void)m_display_service->GetContainer()->SetLayerIsOverlay(*out_layer_id, true);
        } else {
-            (void)m_manager_display_service->SetLayerZIndex(1, *out_layer_id);
+            (void)m_manager_display_service->SetLayerZIndex(Foreground, *out_layer_id);
        }
    }

@@ -122,10 +126,12 @@ Result DisplayLayerManager::IsSystemBufferSharingEnabled() {

    // Ensure the overlay layer is visible
    m_manager_display_service->SetLayerVisibility(m_visible, m_system_shared_layer_id);
+    (void)m_display_service->GetContainer()->SetLayerStackMask(m_system_shared_layer_id,
+                                                              this->GetLayerStackMask());
    m_manager_display_service->SetLayerBlending(m_blending_enabled, m_system_shared_layer_id);
-    s32 initial_z = 1;
+    s32 initial_z = Foreground;
    if (m_applet_id == AppletId::OverlayDisplay) {
-        initial_z = -1;
+        initial_z = Overlay;
        (void)m_display_service->GetContainer()->SetLayerIsOverlay(m_system_shared_layer_id, true);
    }
    m_manager_display_service->SetLayerZIndex(initial_z, m_system_shared_layer_id);
@@ -142,6 +148,36 @@ Result DisplayLayerManager::GetSystemSharedLayerHandle(u64* out_system_shared_bu
    R_SUCCEED();
 }

+u32 DisplayLayerManager::GetLayerStackMask() const {
+    using Nvnflinger::LayerStackBit;
+    using Nvnflinger::LayerStackId;
+
+    constexpr u32 Displayed = LayerStackBit(LayerStackId::Default);
+    constexpr u32 Screenshot = LayerStackBit(LayerStackId::Screenshot);
+    constexpr u32 Recording = LayerStackBit(LayerStackId::Recording);
+    constexpr u32 LastFrame = LayerStackBit(LayerStackId::LastFrame);
+    constexpr u32 Debug = LayerStackBit(LayerStackId::ApplicationForDebug);
+
+    switch (m_applet_id) {
+        case AppletId::Application:
+            return Displayed | Screenshot | Recording | LastFrame | Debug;
+        case AppletId::OverlayDisplay:
+            return Displayed;
+        case AppletId::QLaunch:
+            return Displayed;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    switch (m_library_applet_mode) {
+    case LibraryAppletMode::AllForeground:
+    case LibraryAppletMode::AllForegroundInitiallyHidden:
+        return Displayed | Screenshot | LastFrame;
+    default:
+        return Displayed | Screenshot;
+    }
+}
+
 void DisplayLayerManager::SetWindowVisibility(bool visible) {
    if (m_visible == visible) {
        return;
@@ -185,10 +221,17 @@ void DisplayLayerManager::SetOverlayZIndex(s32 z_index) {
 }

 Result DisplayLayerManager::WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(bool* out_was_written,
-                                                     s32* out_fbshare_layer_index) {
+                                                     s32* out_fbshare_layer_index,
+                                                     VI::CaptureKind kind) {
    R_UNLESS(m_buffer_sharing_enabled, VI::ResultPermissionDenied);
    R_RETURN(m_display_service->GetContainer()->GetSharedBufferManager()->WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(
-        out_was_written, out_fbshare_layer_index));
+        out_was_written, out_fbshare_layer_index, kind));
+}
+
+Result DisplayLayerManager::ClearAppletCaptureBuffer(s32 fbshare_layer_index, u32 color) {
+    R_UNLESS(m_buffer_sharing_enabled, VI::ResultPermissionDenied);
+    R_RETURN(m_display_service->GetContainer()->GetSharedBufferManager()->ClearAppletCaptureBuffer(
+        fbshare_layer_index, color));
 }

 } // namespace Service::AM
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class KProcess;
 namespace Service::VI {
 class IApplicationDisplayService;
 class IManagerDisplayService;
+enum class CaptureKind : u32;
 } // namespace Service::VI

 namespace Service::AM {
@@ -48,9 +49,13 @@ public:

    void SetOverlayZIndex(s32 z_index);

-    Result WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(bool* out_was_written, s32* out_fbshare_layer_index);
+    Result WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(bool* out_was_written, s32* out_fbshare_layer_index,
+                                    VI::CaptureKind kind);
+    Result ClearAppletCaptureBuffer(s32 fbshare_layer_index, u32 color);

 private:
+    u32 GetLayerStackMask() const;
+
    Kernel::KProcess* m_process{};
    std::shared_ptr<VI::IApplicationDisplayService> m_display_service{};
    std::shared_ptr<VI::IManagerDisplayService> m_manager_display_service{};
@@ -59,6 +64,7 @@ private:
    u64 m_system_shared_buffer_id{};
    u64 m_system_shared_layer_id{};
    AppletId m_applet_id{};
+    LibraryAppletMode m_library_applet_mode{};
    bool m_buffer_sharing_enabled{};
    bool m_blending_enabled{};
    bool m_visible{true};
@@ -36,12 +36,17 @@ HidRegistration::~HidRegistration() {
    }
 }

-void HidRegistration::EnableAppletToGetInput(bool enable) {
-    if (m_process.IsInitialized()) {
-        m_hid_server->GetResourceManager()->SetAruidValidForVibration(m_process.GetProcessId(),
-                                                                      enable);
-        m_hid_server->GetResourceManager()->EnableInput(m_process.GetProcessId(), enable);
-    }
+void HidRegistration::EnableAppletToGetInput(bool enable_pad, bool enable_touch) {
+    if (!m_process.IsInitialized())
+        return;
+
+    const auto resource_manager = m_hid_server->GetResourceManager();
+    const u64 aruid = m_process.GetProcessId();
+
+    resource_manager->EnablePadInput(aruid, enable_pad);
+    resource_manager->EnableTouchScreen(aruid, enable_touch);
+
+    resource_manager->SetAruidValidForVibration(aruid, enable_pad);
 }

 } // namespace Service::AM
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public:
    ~HidRegistration();

    void RegisterCurrentProcess();
-    void EnableAppletToGetInput(bool enable);
+    void EnableAppletToGetInput(bool enable_pad, bool enable_touch);

 private:
    Process& m_process;
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

+#include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/common_funcs.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/applet_common_functions.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ Result IAppletCommonFunctions::SetCpuBoostRequestPriority(s32 priority) {

 Result IAppletCommonFunctions::GetCurrentApplicationId(Out<u64> out_application_id) {
    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
-    *out_application_id = system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID() & ~0xFFFULL;
+    *out_application_id = FileSys::GetBaseTitleID(system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID());
    R_SUCCEED();
 }

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Result IApplicationFunctions::EnsureSaveData(Out<u64> out_size, Common::UUID use
 Result IApplicationFunctions::GetDesiredLanguage(Out<u64> out_language_code) {
    // FIXME: all of this stuff belongs to ns
    // TODO(bunnei): This should be configurable
-    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called, program_id={:016X}", m_applet->program_id);

    // Get supported languages from NACP, if possible
    // Default to 0 (all languages supported)
@@ -430,15 +430,16 @@ Result IApplicationFunctions::ExecuteProgram(ProgramSpecifyKind kind, u64 value)

 // https://switchbrew.org/wiki/Applet_Manager_services#CreateApplicationAndRequestToStart
 Result IApplicationFunctions::CreateApplicationAndRequestToStart(u64 application_id) {
-    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called, application_id={:016X}", application_id);
+    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "called, application_id={:016X} current_program_id={:016X}", application_id, m_applet->program_id);

-    // If application_id is 0, relaunch the current application
-    const u64 target_application_id =
-        (application_id == 0) ? m_applet->program_id : application_id;
+    // If application_id is 0 or matches the current application, relaunch the current application.
+    if (application_id == 0 || application_id == m_applet->program_id) {
+        system.GetUserChannel() = m_applet->user_channel_launch_parameter;
+        system.ExecuteProgram(0);
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }

-    system.GetUserChannel() = m_applet->user_channel_launch_parameter;
-    system.ExecuteProgram(target_application_id);
-    R_SUCCEED();
+    R_THROW(ResultUnknown);
 }

 Result IApplicationFunctions::ClearUserChannel() {
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/service/display_controller.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/vi/shared_buffer_manager.h"

 namespace Service::AM {

@@ -71,16 +72,16 @@ Result IDisplayController::TakeScreenShotOfOwnLayer(bool unknown0, s32 fbshare_l
 }

 Result IDisplayController::ClearCaptureBuffer(bool unknown0, s32 fbshare_layer_index, u32 color) {
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called, unknown0={} fbshare_layer_index={} color={:#x}",
-                unknown0, fbshare_layer_index, color);
-    R_SUCCEED();
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called, unknown0={} fbshare_layer_index={} color={:#x}", unknown0,
+              fbshare_layer_index, color);
+    R_RETURN(applet->display_layer_manager.ClearAppletCaptureBuffer(fbshare_layer_index, color));
 }

 Result IDisplayController::AcquireLastForegroundCaptureSharedBuffer(
    Out<bool> out_was_written, Out<s32> out_fbshare_layer_index) {
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
-    R_RETURN(applet->display_layer_manager.WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(out_was_written,
-                                                                    out_fbshare_layer_index));
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
+    R_RETURN(applet->display_layer_manager.WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(
+        out_was_written, out_fbshare_layer_index, VI::CaptureKind::LastForeground));
 }

 Result IDisplayController::ReleaseLastForegroundCaptureSharedBuffer() {
@@ -90,9 +91,9 @@ Result IDisplayController::ReleaseLastForegroundCaptureSharedBuffer() {

 Result IDisplayController::AcquireCallerAppletCaptureSharedBuffer(
    Out<bool> out_was_written, Out<s32> out_fbshare_layer_index) {
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
-    R_RETURN(applet->display_layer_manager.WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(out_was_written,
-                                                                    out_fbshare_layer_index));
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
+    R_RETURN(applet->display_layer_manager.WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(
+        out_was_written, out_fbshare_layer_index, VI::CaptureKind::CallerApplet));
 }

 Result IDisplayController::ReleaseCallerAppletCaptureSharedBuffer() {
@@ -102,9 +103,9 @@ Result IDisplayController::ReleaseCallerAppletCaptureSharedBuffer() {

 Result IDisplayController::AcquireLastApplicationCaptureSharedBuffer(
    Out<bool> out_was_written, Out<s32> out_fbshare_layer_index) {
-    LOG_WARNING(Service_AM, "(STUBBED) called");
-    R_RETURN(applet->display_layer_manager.WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(out_was_written,
-                                                                    out_fbshare_layer_index));
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
+    R_RETURN(applet->display_layer_manager.WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(
+        out_was_written, out_fbshare_layer_index, VI::CaptureKind::LastApplication));
 }

 Result IDisplayController::ReleaseLastApplicationCaptureSharedBuffer() {
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet.h"
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace Service::AM {
        {10, nullptr, "StartShutdownSequenceForOverlay"},
        {11, nullptr, "StartRebootSequenceForOverlay"},
        {20, D<&IOverlayFunctions::SetHandlingHomeButtonShortPressedEnabled>, "SetHandlingHomeButtonShortPressedEnabled"},
-        {21, nullptr, "SetHandlingTouchScreenInputEnabled"},
+        {21, D<&IOverlayFunctions::SetHandlingTouchScreenInputEnabled>, "SetHandlingTouchScreenInputEnabled"},
        {30, nullptr, "SetHealthWarningShowingState"},
        {31, D<&IOverlayFunctions::IsHealthWarningRequired>, "IsHealthWarningRequired"},
        {40, nullptr, "GetApplicationNintendoLogo"},
@@ -43,10 +43,12 @@ namespace Service::AM {
    Result IOverlayFunctions::BeginToWatchShortHomeButtonMessage() {
        LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");

-        m_applet->overlay_in_foreground = true;
-        m_applet->home_button_short_pressed_blocked = false;
+        {
+            std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
+            m_applet->overlay_watching_short_home_button = true;
+        }

-        if (auto *window_system = system.GetAppletManager().GetWindowSystem()) {
+        if (auto* window_system = system.GetAppletManager().GetWindowSystem()) {
            window_system->RequestUpdate();
        }

@@ -56,16 +58,26 @@ namespace Service::AM {
    Result IOverlayFunctions::EndToWatchShortHomeButtonMessage() {
        LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");

-        m_applet->overlay_in_foreground = false;
-        m_applet->home_button_short_pressed_blocked = false;
+        {
+            std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
+            m_applet->overlay_watching_short_home_button = false;
+        }

-        if (auto *window_system = system.GetAppletManager().GetWindowSystem()) {
+        if (auto* window_system = system.GetAppletManager().GetWindowSystem()) {
            window_system->RequestUpdate();
        }

        R_SUCCEED();
    }

+    Result IOverlayFunctions::SetHandlingTouchScreenInputEnabled(bool enabled) {
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called, enabled={}", enabled);
+
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_applet->lock};
+        m_applet->overlay_handling_touch_input = enabled;
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }
+
    Result IOverlayFunctions::GetApplicationIdForLogo(Out<u64> out_application_id) {
        LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 #pragma once
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ namespace Service::AM {
        Result SetAutoSleepTimeAndDimmingTimeEnabled(bool enabled);
        Result IsHealthWarningRequired(Out<bool> is_required);
        Result SetHandlingHomeButtonShortPressedEnabled(bool enabled);
+        Result SetHandlingTouchScreenInputEnabled(bool enabled);
        Result Unknown70();

    private:
@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

+#include <utility>
+
+#include "common/settings.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/am_results.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/applet_manager.h"
@@ -32,46 +36,82 @@ void WindowSystem::RequestUpdate() {
 }

 void WindowSystem::Update() {
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};

-    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called, home_menu={} application={} overlay={}",
-              m_home_menu != nullptr, m_application != nullptr, m_overlay_display != nullptr);
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called, home_menu={} application={} overlay={}",
+                  m_home_menu != nullptr, m_application != nullptr, m_overlay_display != nullptr);

-    // Loop through all applets and remove terminated applets.
-    this->PruneTerminatedAppletsLocked();
+        // Loop through all applets and remove terminated applets.
+        this->PruneTerminatedAppletsLocked();

-    // If the home menu is being locked into the foreground, handle that.
-    if (this->LockHomeMenuIntoForegroundLocked()) {
-        return;
+        // If the home menu is being locked into the foreground, handle that.
+        if (!this->LockHomeMenuIntoForegroundLocked()) {
+            const bool overlay_takes_input = this->DoesOverlayTakeInputLocked();
+
+            this->UpdateAppletStateLocked(m_overlay_display, true, overlay_takes_input);
+            this->UpdateAppletStateLocked(m_home_menu, m_foreground_requested_applet == m_home_menu, overlay_takes_input);
+            this->UpdateAppletStateLocked(m_application, m_foreground_requested_applet == m_application, overlay_takes_input);
+        }
    }

-    bool overlay_blocks_input = false;
-    if (m_overlay_display) {
-        std::scoped_lock lk_overlay{m_overlay_display->lock};
-        overlay_blocks_input = m_overlay_display->overlay_in_foreground;
-    }
-
-    // Recursively update each applet root.
-    this->UpdateAppletStateLocked(m_home_menu, m_foreground_requested_applet == m_home_menu, overlay_blocks_input);
-    this->UpdateAppletStateLocked(m_application, m_foreground_requested_applet == m_application, overlay_blocks_input);
-    this->UpdateAppletStateLocked(m_overlay_display, true, false); // overlay is always updated, never blocked
+    this->NotifyApplicationChangedIfNeeded();
 }

 void WindowSystem::TrackApplet(std::shared_ptr<Applet> applet, bool is_application) {
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};

-    if (applet->applet_id == AppletId::QLaunch) {
-        ASSERT(m_home_menu == nullptr);
-        m_home_menu = applet.get();
-    } else if (applet->applet_id == AppletId::OverlayDisplay) {
-        m_overlay_display = applet.get();
-    } else if (is_application) {
-        ASSERT(m_application == nullptr);
-        m_application = applet.get();
+        if (applet->applet_id == AppletId::QLaunch) {
+            ASSERT(m_home_menu == nullptr);
+            m_home_menu = applet.get();
+        } else if (applet->applet_id == AppletId::OverlayDisplay) {
+            m_overlay_display = applet.get();
+        } else if (is_application) {
+            ASSERT(m_application == nullptr);
+            m_application = applet.get();
+        }
+
+        this->UpdateCurrentApplicationLocked();
+
+        m_event_observer->TrackAppletProcess(*applet);
+        m_applets.emplace(applet->aruid.pid, std::move(applet));
    }

-    m_event_observer->TrackAppletProcess(*applet);
-    m_applets.emplace(applet->aruid.pid, std::move(applet));
+    this->NotifyApplicationChangedIfNeeded();
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::UpdateCurrentApplicationLocked() {
+    const Applet* const candidate = m_application != nullptr ? m_application : m_home_menu;
+    if (candidate == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto* const process = candidate->process->GetHandle();
+    if (process == nullptr || process == m_system.Kernel().ApplicationProcess()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "Current application is now {:016X}", candidate->program_id);
+
+    m_system.Kernel().SetApplicationProcess(process);
+    Settings::SetCurrentProgramID(candidate->program_id);
+
+    m_pending_application_notification = candidate->program_id;
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::NotifyApplicationChangedIfNeeded() {
+    std::optional<u64> program_id;
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+        program_id = std::exchange(m_pending_application_notification, std::nullopt);
+    }
+
+    if (!program_id.has_value()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    m_system.NotifyApplicationChanged(*program_id);
 }

 std::shared_ptr<Applet> WindowSystem::GetByAppletResourceUserId(u64 aruid) {
@@ -169,18 +209,40 @@ void WindowSystem::OnExitRequested() {
 }

 void WindowSystem::SendButtonAppletMessageLocked(AppletMessage message) {
-    if (m_home_menu) {
-        std::scoped_lock lk_home{m_home_menu->lock};
-        m_home_menu->lifecycle_manager.PushUnorderedMessage(m_system.Kernel(), message);
-    }
-    if (m_overlay_display) {
-        std::scoped_lock lk_overlay{m_overlay_display->lock};
-        m_overlay_display->lifecycle_manager.PushUnorderedMessage(m_system.Kernel(), message);
-    }
-    if (m_application) {
-        std::scoped_lock lk_application{m_application->lock};
-        m_application->lifecycle_manager.PushUnorderedMessage(m_system.Kernel(), message);
-    }
+    const auto is_blocked = [message](const Applet& applet) {
+        if (message == AppletMessage::DetectShortPressingHomeButton &&
+            applet.applet_id == AppletId::OverlayDisplay &&
+            !applet.overlay_watching_short_home_button) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        switch (message) {
+        case AppletMessage::DetectShortPressingHomeButton:
+            return applet.home_button_short_pressed_blocked;
+        case AppletMessage::DetectLongPressingHomeButton:
+            return applet.home_button_long_pressed_blocked;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+
+    const auto send_to = [&](Applet* applet) {
+        if (!applet) {
+            return;
+        }
+        std::scoped_lock lk{applet->lock};
+        if (is_blocked(*applet)) {
+            LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "Applet {} is blocking message {}",
+                      static_cast<u32>(applet->applet_id), static_cast<u32>(message));
+            return;
+        }
+        applet->lifecycle_manager.PushUnorderedMessage(m_system.Kernel(), message);
+    };
+
+    send_to(m_home_menu);
+    send_to(m_overlay_display);
+    send_to(m_application);
+
    if (m_event_observer) {
        m_event_observer->RequestUpdate();
    }
@@ -192,19 +254,9 @@ void WindowSystem::OnSystemButtonPress(SystemButtonType type) {
    case SystemButtonType::HomeButtonShortPressing:
        SendButtonAppletMessageLocked(AppletMessage::DetectShortPressingHomeButton);
        break;
-    case SystemButtonType::HomeButtonLongPressing: {
-        // Toggle overlay foreground visibility on long home press
-        if (m_overlay_display) {
-            std::scoped_lock lk_overlay{m_overlay_display->lock};
-            m_overlay_display->overlay_in_foreground = !m_overlay_display->overlay_in_foreground;
-            LOG_INFO(Service_AM, "Overlay long-press toggle: overlay_in_foreground={} window_visible={}", m_overlay_display->overlay_in_foreground, m_overlay_display->window_visible);
-        }
+    case SystemButtonType::HomeButtonLongPressing:
        SendButtonAppletMessageLocked(AppletMessage::DetectLongPressingHomeButton);
-        // Force a state update after toggling overlay
-        if (m_event_observer) {
-            m_event_observer->RequestUpdate();
-        }
-        break; }
+        break;
    case SystemButtonType::CaptureButtonShortPressing:
        SendButtonAppletMessageLocked(AppletMessage::DetectShortPressingCaptureButton);
        break;
@@ -317,6 +369,8 @@ void WindowSystem::PruneTerminatedAppletsLocked() {
            m_overlay_display = nullptr;
        }

+        this->UpdateCurrentApplicationLocked();
+
        // Finalize applet.
        applet->OnProcessTerminatedLocked();

@@ -389,7 +443,20 @@ void WindowSystem::TerminateChildAppletsLocked(Applet* applet) {
    applet->lock.lock();
 }

-void WindowSystem::UpdateAppletStateLocked(Applet* applet, bool is_foreground, bool overlay_blocking) {
+bool WindowSystem::IsOverlayOpenLocked(const Applet& overlay) const {
+    return overlay.window_visible && overlay.overlay_watching_short_home_button;
+}
+
+bool WindowSystem::DoesOverlayTakeInputLocked() const {
+    if (m_overlay_display == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_overlay_display->lock};
+    return this->IsOverlayOpenLocked(*m_overlay_display);
+}
+
+void WindowSystem::UpdateAppletStateLocked(Applet* applet, bool is_foreground, bool overlay_takes_input) {
    // With no applet, we don't have anything to do.
    if (!applet) {
        return;
@@ -420,24 +487,18 @@ void WindowSystem::UpdateAppletStateLocked(Applet* applet, bool is_foreground, b
        return false;
    }();

+    const bool is_overlay = applet->applet_id == AppletId::OverlayDisplay;
+
    // Update visibility state.
-    // Overlay applets should always be visible when window_visible is true, regardless of foreground state
-    const bool should_be_visible = (applet->applet_id == AppletId::OverlayDisplay)
-                                     ? applet->window_visible
-                                     : (is_foreground && applet->window_visible);
+    const bool should_be_visible =
+        is_overlay ? applet->window_visible : (is_foreground && applet->window_visible);
    applet->display_layer_manager.SetWindowVisibility(should_be_visible);

+    const bool needs_hid_input =
+        is_overlay ? this->IsOverlayOpenLocked(*applet)
+                   : (is_foreground && applet->window_visible && !overlay_takes_input);

-    const bool should_be_interactible = (applet->applet_id == AppletId::OverlayDisplay)
-                                          ? applet->overlay_in_foreground
-                                          : (is_foreground && applet->window_visible && !overlay_blocking);
-
-    if (applet->applet_id == AppletId::OverlayDisplay || applet->applet_id == AppletId::Application) {
-        LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "UpdateAppletStateLocked: applet={} overlay_in_foreground={} is_foreground={} window_visible={} overlay_blocking={} should_be_interactible={}",
-                 static_cast<u32>(applet->applet_id), applet->overlay_in_foreground, is_foreground, applet->window_visible, overlay_blocking, should_be_interactible);
-    }
-
-    applet->SetInteractibleLocked(should_be_interactible);
+    applet->SetInteractibleLocked(needs_hid_input, needs_hid_input);

    // Update focus state and suspension.
    const bool is_obscured = has_obscuring_child_applets || !applet->window_visible;
@@ -453,23 +514,18 @@ void WindowSystem::UpdateAppletStateLocked(Applet* applet, bool is_foreground, b
        applet->UpdateSuspensionStateLocked(true);
    }

-    // Z-index logic like in reference C# implementation (tuned for overlay extremes)
-    s32 z_index = 0;
-    const bool now_foreground = inherited_foreground;
-    if (applet->applet_id == AppletId::OverlayDisplay) {
-        z_index = applet->overlay_in_foreground ? 100000 : -1;
-    } else if (now_foreground && !is_obscured) {
-        z_index = 2;
-    } else if (now_foreground) {
-        z_index = 1;
-    } else {
-        z_index = 0;
+    // Layer ordering. Composition sorts back-to-front. Now with enums for calrity.
+    s32 z_index = Background;
+    if (is_overlay) {
+        z_index = Overlay;
+    } else if (inherited_foreground) {
+        z_index = is_obscured ? Foreground : ForegroundVisible;
    }
    applet->display_layer_manager.SetOverlayZIndex(z_index);

    // Recurse into child applets.
    for (const auto& child_applet : applet->child_applets) {
-        this->UpdateAppletStateLocked(child_applet.get(), is_foreground, overlay_blocking);
+        this->UpdateAppletStateLocked(child_applet.get(), is_foreground, overlay_takes_input);
    }
 }

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <optional>

 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/am/am_types.h"
@@ -60,11 +61,16 @@ public:
    void OnPowerButtonPressed(ButtonPressDuration type) {}

 private:
+    void UpdateCurrentApplicationLocked();
+    void NotifyApplicationChangedIfNeeded();
    void PruneTerminatedAppletsLocked();
    bool RestartAppletProcessLocked(Applet* applet);
    bool LockHomeMenuIntoForegroundLocked();
    void TerminateChildAppletsLocked(Applet* applet);
-    void UpdateAppletStateLocked(Applet* applet, bool is_foreground, bool overlay_blocking = false);
+    bool IsOverlayOpenLocked(const Applet& overlay) const;
+    bool DoesOverlayTakeInputLocked() const;
+
+    void UpdateAppletStateLocked(Applet* applet, bool is_foreground, bool overlay_takes_input);
    void SendButtonAppletMessageLocked(AppletMessage message);

 private:
@@ -88,6 +94,7 @@ private:

    // Applet map by aruid.
    std::map<u64, std::shared_ptr<Applet>> m_applets{};
+    std::optional<u64> m_pending_application_notification{};
 };

 } // namespace Service::AM
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/ipc_helpers.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/server_manager.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/am/am_results.h"
 #include "core/loader/loader.h"

 namespace Service::AOC {
@@ -31,6 +32,10 @@ static bool CheckAOCTitleIDMatchesBase(u64 title_id, u64 base) {
    return FileSys::GetBaseTitleID(title_id) == base;
 }

+static u64 GetCallerBaseTitleID(Core::System& system, const ClientProcessId& process_id) {
+    return FileSys::GetBaseTitleID(system.ResolveCallerProgramId(*process_id));
+}
+
 static std::vector<u64> AccumulateAOCTitleIDs(Core::System& system) {
    std::vector<u64> add_on_content;
    const auto& rcu = system.GetContentProvider();
@@ -91,7 +96,7 @@ IAddOnContentManager::~IAddOnContentManager() {
 Result IAddOnContentManager::CountAddOnContent(Out<u32> out_count, ClientProcessId process_id) {
    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AOC, "called. process_id={}", process_id.pid);

-    const auto current = system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID();
+    const auto current = GetCallerBaseTitleID(system, process_id);

    const auto& disabled = Settings::values.disabled_addons[current];
    if (std::find(disabled.begin(), disabled.end(), "DLC") != disabled.end()) {
@@ -112,7 +117,7 @@ Result IAddOnContentManager::ListAddOnContent(Out<u32> out_count,
    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AOC, "called with offset={}, count={}, process_id={}", offset, count,
              process_id.pid);

-    const auto current = FileSys::GetBaseTitleID(system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID());
+    const auto current = GetCallerBaseTitleID(system, process_id);

    std::vector<u32> out;
    const auto& disabled = Settings::values.disabled_addons[current];
@@ -126,8 +131,7 @@ Result IAddOnContentManager::ListAddOnContent(Out<u32> out_count,
        }
    }

-    // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find the correct error code.
-    R_UNLESS(out.size() >= offset, ResultUnknown);
+    R_UNLESS(out.size() >= offset, AM::ResultApplicationRecordNotFound);

    *out_count = static_cast<u32>(std::min<size_t>(out.size() - offset, count));
    std::rotate(out.begin(), out.begin() + offset, out.end());
@@ -141,7 +145,7 @@ Result IAddOnContentManager::GetAddOnContentBaseId(Out<u64> out_title_id,
                                                   ClientProcessId process_id) {
    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AOC, "called. process_id={}", process_id.pid);

-    const auto title_id = system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID();
+    const auto title_id = system.ResolveCallerProgramId(*process_id);
    const FileSys::PatchManager pm{title_id, system.GetFileSystemController(),
                                   system.GetContentProvider()};

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ static u64 GetCurrentBuildID(const Core::System::CurrentBuildProcessID& id) {
    return out;
 }

-IBcatService::IBcatService(Core::System& system_, BcatBackend& backend_)
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IBcatService"}, backend{backend_},
+IBcatService::IBcatService(Core::System& system_, BcatBackend& backend_, u64 program_id_)
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IBcatService"}, backend{backend_}, program_id{program_id_},
      progress{{
          ProgressServiceBackend{system_, "Normal"},
          ProgressServiceBackend{system_, "Directory"},
@@ -70,8 +70,7 @@ Result IBcatService::RequestSyncDeliveryCache(
    LOG_DEBUG(Service_BCAT, "called");

    auto& progress_backend{GetProgressBackend(SyncType::Normal)};
-    backend.Synchronize(system.Kernel(), {system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID(),
-                         GetCurrentBuildID(system.GetApplicationProcessBuildID())},
+    backend.Synchronize(system.Kernel(), {program_id, GetCurrentBuildID(system.GetApplicationProcessBuildID())},
                        GetProgressBackend(SyncType::Normal));

    *out_interface = std::make_shared<IDeliveryCacheProgressService>(
@@ -86,9 +85,8 @@ Result IBcatService::RequestSyncDeliveryCacheWithDirectoryName(
    LOG_DEBUG(Service_BCAT, "called, name={}", name);

    auto& progress_backend{GetProgressBackend(SyncType::Directory)};
-    backend.SynchronizeDirectory(system.Kernel(), {system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID(),
-                                  GetCurrentBuildID(system.GetApplicationProcessBuildID())},
-                                 name, progress_backend);
+    backend.SynchronizeDirectory(system.Kernel(), {program_id, GetCurrentBuildID(system.GetApplicationProcessBuildID())},
+        name, progress_backend);

    *out_interface = std::make_shared<IDeliveryCacheProgressService>(
        system, progress_backend.GetEvent(), progress_backend.GetImpl());
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

@@ -19,7 +22,7 @@ class IDeliveryCacheProgressService;

 class IBcatService final : public ServiceFramework<IBcatService> {
 public:
-    explicit IBcatService(Core::System& system_, BcatBackend& backend_);
+    explicit IBcatService(Core::System& system_, BcatBackend& backend_, u64 program_id_);
    ~IBcatService() override;

 private:
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@ private:
    const ProgressServiceBackend& GetProgressBackend(SyncType type) const;

    BcatBackend& backend;
+    u64 program_id;
    std::array<ProgressServiceBackend, static_cast<size_t>(SyncType::Count)> progress;
 };

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

+#include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/bcat/bcat_service.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/bcat/delivery_cache_storage_service.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/bcat/service_creator.h"
@@ -37,7 +41,8 @@ IServiceCreator::~IServiceCreator() = default;
 Result IServiceCreator::CreateBcatService(ClientProcessId process_id,
                                          OutInterface<IBcatService> out_interface) {
    LOG_INFO(Service_BCAT, "called, process_id={}", process_id.pid);
-    *out_interface = std::make_shared<IBcatService>(system, *backend);
+    *out_interface =
+        std::make_shared<IBcatService>(system, *backend, system.ResolveCallerProgramId(*process_id));
    R_SUCCEED();
 }

@@ -45,7 +50,7 @@ Result IServiceCreator::CreateDeliveryCacheStorageService(
    ClientProcessId process_id, OutInterface<IDeliveryCacheStorageService> out_interface) {
    LOG_INFO(Service_BCAT, "called, process_id={}", process_id.pid);

-    const auto title_id = system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID();
+    const auto title_id = system.ResolveCallerProgramId(*process_id);
    *out_interface =
        std::make_shared<IDeliveryCacheStorageService>(system, fsc.GetBCATDirectory(title_id));
    R_SUCCEED();
@@ -243,10 +243,15 @@ Result AlbumManager::SaveScreenShot(ApplicationAlbumEntry& out_entry,
    return SaveScreenShot(out_entry, attribute, report_option, {}, image_data, aruid);
 }

-Result AlbumManager::SaveScreenShot(ApplicationAlbumEntry& out_entry, const ScreenShotAttribute& attribute, AlbumReportOption report_option, const ApplicationData& app_data, std::span<const u8> image_data, u64 aruid) {
+Result AlbumManager::SaveScreenShot(ApplicationAlbumEntry& out_entry,
+                                    const ScreenShotAttribute& attribute,
+                                    AlbumReportOption report_option,
+                                    const ApplicationData& app_data, std::span<const u8> image_data,
+                                    u64 aruid) {
    R_UNLESS(!image_data.empty(), ResultUnknown); //TODO: ???

-    const u64 title_id = system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID();
+    const u64 title_id = system.ResolveCallerProgramId(aruid);
+
    auto static_service =
        system.ServiceManager().GetService<Service::Glue::Time::StaticService>("time:u", true);

@@ -95,7 +95,8 @@ void IScreenShotApplicationService::CaptureAndSaveScreenshot(AlbumReportOption r
            manager->FlipVerticallyOnWrite(invert_y);
            manager->SaveScreenShot(entry, attribute, report_option, image_data, {});
        },
-        layout);
+        layout,
+        Nvnflinger::LayerStackId::Screenshot);
 }

 } // namespace Service::Capture
@@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ Result IHidServer::InitializeSevenSixAxisSensor(ClientAppletResourceUserId aruid
    GetResourceManager()->GetConsoleSixAxis()->Activate();
    GetResourceManager()->GetSevenSixAxis()->Activate();

-    GetResourceManager()->GetSevenSixAxis()->SetTransferMemoryAddress(t_mem_1->GetSourceAddress());
+    GetResourceManager()->GetSevenSixAxis()->SetTransferMemoryAddress(t_mem_1->GetSourceAddress(), t_mem_1->GetOwner());

    R_SUCCEED();
 }
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ Result Hidbus::EnableJoyPollingReceiveMode(u32 t_mem_size, JoyPollingMode pollin

    auto& device = devices[device_index.value()].device;
    device->SetPollingMode(polling_mode);
-    device->SetTransferMemoryAddress(t_mem->GetSourceAddress());
+    device->SetTransferMemoryAddress(t_mem->GetSourceAddress(), t_mem->GetOwner());
    R_SUCCEED();
 }

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ Result IRS::RunImageTransferProcessor(
    MakeProcessorWithCoreContext<ImageTransferProcessor>(camera_handle, device);
    auto& image_transfer_processor = GetProcessor<ImageTransferProcessor>(camera_handle);
    image_transfer_processor.SetConfig(processor_config);
-    image_transfer_processor.SetTransferMemoryAddress(t_mem->GetSourceAddress());
+    image_transfer_processor.SetTransferMemoryAddress(t_mem->GetSourceAddress(), t_mem->GetOwner());
    npad_device->SetPollingMode(Core::HID::EmulatedDeviceIndex::RightIndex,
                                Common::Input::PollingMode::IR);

@@ -295,7 +298,8 @@ Result IRS::RunImageTransferExProcessor(
    MakeProcessorWithCoreContext<ImageTransferProcessor>(camera_handle, device);
    auto& image_transfer_processor = GetProcessor<ImageTransferProcessor>(camera_handle);
    image_transfer_processor.SetConfig(processor_config);
-    image_transfer_processor.SetTransferMemoryAddress(t_mem->GetSourceAddress());
+    image_transfer_processor.SetTransferMemoryAddress(t_mem->GetSourceAddress(),
+                                                      t_mem->GetOwner());
    npad_device->SetPollingMode(Core::HID::EmulatedDeviceIndex::RightIndex,
                                Common::Input::PollingMode::IR);

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ public:
        , process{kernel, process_}
        , user_rx{std::move(user_rx_)}
        , user_ro{std::move(user_ro_)}
-        , context{system_.ApplicationMemory()}
+        , context{process_->GetMemory()}
    {

        // clang-format off
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "core/file_sys/control_metadata.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/patch_manager.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs/vfs.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_process.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_transfer_memory.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/ns/language.h"
@@ -336,8 +337,8 @@ void IReadOnlyApplicationControlDataInterface::ListApplicationTitle(HLERequestCo

    constexpr s32 data_offset = 0;

-    if (t_mem != nullptr && app_count > 0) {
-        auto& memory = system.ApplicationMemory();
+    if (t_mem != nullptr && t_mem->GetOwner() != nullptr && app_count > 0) {
+        auto& memory = t_mem->GetOwner()->GetMemory();
        const auto t_mem_address = t_mem->GetSourceAddress();

        for (size_t i = 0; i < app_count; ++i) {
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ void nvdisp_disp0::Composite(std::span<const Nvnflinger::HwcLayer> sorted_layers
            .transform_flags = layer.transform,
            .crop_rect = layer.crop_rect,
            .blending = ConvertBlending(layer.blending),
+            .layer_stack_mask = layer.layer_stack_mask,
        });

        for (size_t i = 0; i < layer.acquire_fence.num_fences; i++) {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> inpu
        case 0x3:
            return WrapFixed(this, &nvhost_gpu::ChannelSetTimeout, input, output);
        case 0x8:
-            return WrapFixedVariable(this, &nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase1, input, output, false);
+            return WrapFixedVariable(this, &nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase1, input, output, fd, false);
        case 0x9:
            return WrapFixed(this, &nvhost_gpu::AllocateObjectContext, input, output);
        case 0xb:
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> inpu
        case 0x1a:
            return WrapFixed(this, &nvhost_gpu::AllocGPFIFOEx2, input, output, fd);
        case 0x1b:
-            return WrapFixedVariable(this, &nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase1, input, output, true);
+            return WrapFixedVariable(this, &nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase1, input, output, fd, true);
        case 0x1d:
            return WrapFixed(this, &nvhost_gpu::ChannelSetTimeslice, input, output);
        default:
@@ -387,8 +387,19 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOImpl(IoctlSubmitGpfifo& params, Tegra::CommandL
    return NvResult::Success;
 }

+Core::Memory::Memory& nvhost_gpu::GetSessionMemory(DeviceFD fd) {
+    if (const auto it = sessions.find(fd); it != sessions.end())
+        if (auto* const session = core.GetSession(it->second);
+            session != nullptr && session->process != nullptr)
+            return session->process->GetMemory();
+
+    LOG_ERROR(Service_NVDRV, "No session for fd={}, falling back to application memory", fd);
+    return system.ApplicationMemory();
+}
+
 NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase1(IoctlSubmitGpfifo& params,
-                                       std::span<Tegra::CommandListHeader> commands, bool kickoff) {
+                                       std::span<Tegra::CommandListHeader> commands, DeviceFD fd,
+                                       bool kickoff) {
    if (params.num_entries > commands.size()) {
        UNIMPLEMENTED();
        return NvResult::InvalidSize;
@@ -396,7 +407,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase1(IoctlSubmitGpfifo& params,

    Tegra::CommandList entries(params.num_entries);
    if (kickoff) {
-        system.ApplicationMemory().ReadBlock(params.address, entries.command_lists.data(),
+        this->GetSessionMemory(fd).ReadBlock(params.address, entries.command_lists.data(),
                                             params.num_entries * sizeof(Tegra::CommandListHeader));
    } else {
        std::memcpy(entries.command_lists.data(), commands.data(),
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdata.h"
 #include "video_core/dma_pusher.h"

+namespace Core::Memory {
+class Memory;
+}
+
 namespace Tegra {
 namespace Control {
 struct ChannelState;
@@ -196,8 +200,11 @@ private:

    NvResult SubmitGPFIFOImpl(IoctlSubmitGpfifo& params, Tegra::CommandList&& entries);

+    Core::Memory::Memory& GetSessionMemory(DeviceFD fd);
+
    NvResult SubmitGPFIFOBase1(IoctlSubmitGpfifo& params,
-                               std::span<Tegra::CommandListHeader> commands, bool kickoff = false);
+                               std::span<Tegra::CommandListHeader> commands, DeviceFD fd,
+                               bool kickoff = false);
    NvResult SubmitGPFIFOBase2(IoctlSubmitGpfifo& params,
                               std::span<const Tegra::CommandListHeader> commands);

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ struct Layer {
    explicit Layer(std::shared_ptr<android::BufferItemConsumer> buffer_item_consumer_,
                   s32 consumer_id_)
        : buffer_item_consumer(std::move(buffer_item_consumer_)), consumer_id(consumer_id_),
-          blending(LayerBlending::None), visible(true), z_index(0), is_overlay(false) {}
+          blending(LayerBlending::None), visible(true), z_index(0), is_overlay(false),
+          layer_stack_mask(DefaultLayerStackMask) {}
    ~Layer() {
        buffer_item_consumer->Abandon();
    }
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ struct Layer {
    bool visible;
    s32 z_index;
    bool is_overlay;
+    u32 layer_stack_mask;
 };

 struct LayerStack {
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ u32 HardwareComposer::ComposeLocked(f32* out_speed_scale, Display& display,
                .transform = static_cast<android::BufferTransformFlags>(item.transform),
                .crop_rect = item.crop,
                .acquire_fence = item.fence,
+                .layer_stack_mask = layer->layer_stack_mask,
            });
        }

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

@@ -23,6 +26,25 @@ enum class LayerBlending : u32 {
    Coverage = 0x405,
 };

+enum class LayerStackId : u32 {
+    Default = 0,
+    Lcd = 1,
+    Screenshot = 2,
+    Recording = 3,
+    LastFrame = 4,
+    Arbitrary = 5,
+    ApplicationForDebug = 6,
+    Null = 10,
+};
+
+constexpr u32 LayerStackBit(LayerStackId id) {
+    return 1U << static_cast<u32>(id);
+}
+
+constexpr u32 DefaultLayerStackMask =
+    LayerStackBit(LayerStackId::Default) | LayerStackBit(LayerStackId::Screenshot) |
+    LayerStackBit(LayerStackId::Recording) | LayerStackBit(LayerStackId::LastFrame);
+
 struct HwcLayer {
    u32 buffer_handle;
    u32 offset;
@@ -35,6 +57,7 @@ struct HwcLayer {
    android::BufferTransformFlags transform;
    Common::Rectangle<int> crop_rect;
    android::Fence acquire_fence;
+    u32 layer_stack_mask;
 };

 } // namespace Service::Nvnflinger
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -104,6 +104,14 @@ void SurfaceFlinger::SetLayerBlending(s32 consumer_binder_id, LayerBlending blen
    }
 }

+void SurfaceFlinger::SetLayerStackMask(s32 consumer_binder_id, u32 layer_stack_mask) {
+    if (const auto layer = this->FindLayer(consumer_binder_id); layer != nullptr) {
+        layer->layer_stack_mask = layer_stack_mask;
+        LOG_DEBUG(Service_VI, "Layer {} stack mask set to {:#x}", consumer_binder_id,
+                  layer_stack_mask);
+    }
+}
+
 void SurfaceFlinger::SetLayerIsOverlay(s32 consumer_binder_id, bool is_overlay) {
    if (const auto layer = this->FindLayer(consumer_binder_id); layer != nullptr) {
        layer->is_overlay = is_overlay;
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ public:
    void SetLayerVisibility(s32 consumer_binder_id, bool visible);
    void SetLayerBlending(s32 consumer_binder_id, LayerBlending blending);
    void SetLayerIsOverlay(s32 consumer_binder_id, bool is_overlay);
+    void SetLayerStackMask(s32 consumer_binder_id, u32 layer_stack_mask);

    std::shared_ptr<Layer> FindLayer(s32 consumer_binder_id);

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@

 namespace Service::PCTL {

-IParentalControlService::IParentalControlService(Core::System& system_, Capability capability_)
+IParentalControlService::IParentalControlService(Core::System& system_, Capability capability_,
+                                                 u64 program_id_)
    : ServiceFramework{system_, "IParentalControlService"}, capability{capability_},
+      program_id{program_id_},
      service_context{system_, "IParentalControlService"}, synchronization_event{service_context},
      unlinked_event{service_context}, request_suspension_event{service_context} {
    // clang-format off
@@ -202,7 +204,6 @@ Result IParentalControlService::Initialize() {

    // TODO(ogniK): Recovery flag initialization for pctl:r

-    const auto program_id = system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID();
    if (program_id != 0) {
        const FileSys::PatchManager pm{program_id, system.GetFileSystemController(),
                                       system.GetContentProvider()};
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ namespace Service::PCTL {

 class IParentalControlService final : public ServiceFramework<IParentalControlService> {
 public:
-    explicit IParentalControlService(Core::System& system_, Capability capability_);
+    explicit IParentalControlService(Core::System& system_, Capability capability_,
+                                     u64 program_id_);
    ~IParentalControlService() override;

 private:
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ private:
    RestrictionSettings restriction_settings{};
    std::array<char, 8> pin_code{};
    Capability capability{};
+    u64 program_id{};
    // TODO: this is raw
    PlayTimerSettings raw_play_timer_settings{};

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

+#include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/cmif_serialization.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/pctl/parental_control_service.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/pctl/parental_control_service_factory.h"
@@ -23,17 +27,17 @@ IParentalControlServiceFactory::~IParentalControlServiceFactory() = default;

 Result IParentalControlServiceFactory::CreateService(
    Out<SharedPointer<IParentalControlService>> out_service, ClientProcessId process_id) {
-    LOG_DEBUG(Service_PCTL, "called");
-    // TODO(ogniK): Get application id from process
-    *out_service = std::make_shared<IParentalControlService>(system, capability);
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_PCTL, "called, process_id={}", process_id.pid);
+    *out_service = std::make_shared<IParentalControlService>(
+        system, capability, system.ResolveCallerProgramId(*process_id));
    R_SUCCEED();
 }

 Result IParentalControlServiceFactory::CreateServiceWithoutInitialize(
    Out<SharedPointer<IParentalControlService>> out_service, ClientProcessId process_id) {
-    LOG_DEBUG(Service_PCTL, "called");
-    // TODO(ogniK): Get application id from process
-    *out_service = std::make_shared<IParentalControlService>(system, capability);
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_PCTL, "called, process_id={}", process_id.pid);
+    *out_service = std::make_shared<IParentalControlService>(
+        system, capability, system.ResolveCallerProgramId(*process_id));
    R_SUCCEED();
 }

@@ -132,8 +132,7 @@ private:

        LOG_WARNING(Service_PM, "(Partial Implementation) called, pid={:016X}", pid);

-        auto list = kernel.GetProcessList();
-        auto process = SearchProcessList(system.Kernel(), list, [pid](auto& p) { return p->GetProcessId() == pid; });
+        auto process = kernel.GetProcessByProcessId(pid);

        if (process.IsNull()) {
            IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -186,9 +185,7 @@ private:

        LOG_DEBUG(Service_PM, "called, process_id={:016X}", process_id);

-        auto list = kernel.GetProcessList();
-        auto process = SearchProcessList(system.Kernel(),
-            list, [process_id](auto& p) { return p->GetProcessId() == process_id; });
+        auto process = kernel.GetProcessByProcessId(process_id);

        if (process.IsNull()) {
            IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ private:
                  Type, process_id, data1.size(), data2.size());

        const auto& reporter{system.GetReporter()};
-        reporter.SavePlayReport(Type, system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID(), {data1, data2},
+        reporter.SavePlayReport(Type, system.ResolveCallerProgramId(process_id), {data1, data2},
                                process_id);

        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ private:
                  Type, user_id[1], user_id[0], process_id, data1.size(), data2.size());

        const auto& reporter{system.GetReporter()};
-        reporter.SavePlayReport(Type, system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID(), {data1, data2},
+        reporter.SavePlayReport(Type, system.ResolveCallerProgramId(process_id), {data1, data2},
                                process_id, user_id);

        IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -166,6 +166,16 @@ Result Container::GetLayerZIndex(u64 layer_id, s32* out_z_index) {
    R_RETURN(VI::ResultNotFound);
 }

+Result Container::SetLayerStackMask(u64 layer_id, u32 layer_stack_mask) {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};
+
+    auto* const layer = m_layers.GetLayerById(layer_id);
+    R_UNLESS(layer != nullptr, VI::ResultNotFound);
+
+    m_surface_flinger->SetLayerStackMask(layer->GetConsumerBinderId(), layer_stack_mask);
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
 Result Container::SetLayerIsOverlay(u64 layer_id, bool is_overlay) {
    std::scoped_lock lk{m_lock};

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ public:
    Result SetLayerZIndex(u64 layer_id, s32 z_index);
    Result GetLayerZIndex(u64 layer_id, s32* out_z_index);
    Result SetLayerIsOverlay(u64 layer_id, bool is_overlay);
+    Result SetLayerStackMask(u64 layer_id, u32 layer_stack_mask);

    void LinkVsyncEvent(u64 display_id, Event* event);
    void UnlinkVsyncEvent(u64 display_id, Event* event);
@@ -4,9 +4,15 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
 #include <random>

+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/logging.h"
+#include "common/scratch_buffer.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_page_group.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_process.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_system_resource.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h"
@@ -47,7 +53,7 @@ Result AllocateSharedBufferMemory(std::unique_ptr<Kernel::KPageGroup>* out_page_
        u32* end = system.DeviceMemory().GetPointer<u32>(block.GetAddress() + block.GetSize());

        for (; start < end; start++) {
-            *start = 0xFF0000FF;
+            *start = 0x00000000;
        }
    }

@@ -168,7 +174,14 @@ constexpr u32 SharedBufferBlockLinearWidth = 1280;
 constexpr u32 SharedBufferBlockLinearHeight = 768;
 constexpr u32 SharedBufferBlockLinearStride =
    SharedBufferBlockLinearWidth * SharedBufferBlockLinearBpp;
-constexpr u32 SharedBufferNumSlots = 7;
+
+constexpr u32 SharedBufferNumCaptureSlots = 3;
+constexpr u32 SharedBufferSlotsPerSession = 2;
+constexpr u32 SharedBufferMaxSessions = 2;
+
+constexpr u32 SharedBufferNumSlots =
+    SharedBufferNumCaptureSlots + SharedBufferSlotsPerSession * SharedBufferMaxSessions;
+static_assert(SharedBufferNumSlots <= 16, "Shared buffer pool exceeds the maximum texture count");

 constexpr u32 SharedBufferWidth = 1280;
 constexpr u32 SharedBufferHeight = 720;
@@ -192,7 +205,52 @@ constexpr SharedMemoryPoolLayout SharedBufferPoolLayout = [] {
    return layout;
 }();

-void MakeGraphicBuffer(android::BufferQueueProducer& producer, u32 slot, u32 handle) {
+constexpr u32 GetCaptureSlot(CaptureKind kind) {
+    return static_cast<u32>(kind);
+}
+static_assert(static_cast<u32>(CaptureKind::CallerApplet) + 1 == SharedBufferNumCaptureSlots,
+              "Capture slot count does not match CaptureKind");
+
+constexpr u32 GetPresentationSlot(u32 slot_base, u32 index) {
+    return SharedBufferNumCaptureSlots + slot_base + index;
+}
+
+constexpr u32 ColorOpaqueBlackRgba32 = 0xFF000000;
+
+template <typename F>
+void ForEachPoolChunk(Core::System& system, Kernel::KPageGroup& page_group, u64 offset, u64 size,
+                      F&& writer) {
+    Common::ScratchBuffer<u32> scratch;
+    const u64 range_end = offset + size;
+    u64 pool_pos = 0;
+
+    for (auto& block : page_group) {
+        const u64 block_begin = pool_pos;
+        const u64 block_end = block_begin + block.GetSize();
+        pool_pos = block_end;
+
+        if (block_end <= offset) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (block_begin >= range_end) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        const u64 chunk_begin = (std::max)(block_begin, offset);
+        const u64 chunk_end = (std::min)(block_end, range_end);
+        const u64 chunk_size = chunk_end - chunk_begin;
+
+        u8* const dst =
+            system.DeviceMemory().GetPointer<u8>(block.GetAddress()) + (chunk_begin - block_begin);
+
+        writer(dst, chunk_begin - offset, chunk_size);
+
+        system.GPU().Host1x().MemoryManager().ApplyOpOnPointer(
+            dst, scratch, [&](DAddr addr) { system.GPU().InvalidateRegion(addr, chunk_size); });
+    }
+}
+
+void MakeGraphicBuffer(android::BufferQueueProducer& producer, u32 producer_slot, u32 pool_slot, u32 handle) {
    auto buffer = std::make_shared<android::NvGraphicBuffer>();
    buffer->width = SharedBufferWidth;
    buffer->height = SharedBufferHeight;
@@ -200,8 +258,8 @@ void MakeGraphicBuffer(android::BufferQueueProducer& producer, u32 slot, u32 han
    buffer->format = SharedBufferBlockLinearFormat;
    buffer->external_format = SharedBufferBlockLinearFormat;
    buffer->buffer_id = handle;
-    buffer->offset = slot * SharedBufferSlotSize;
-    ASSERT(producer.SetPreallocatedBuffer(slot, buffer) == android::Status::NoError);
+    buffer->offset = pool_slot * SharedBufferSlotSize;
+    ASSERT(producer.SetPreallocatedBuffer(producer_slot, buffer) == android::Status::NoError);
 }

 } // namespace
@@ -215,59 +273,91 @@ SharedBufferManager::~SharedBufferManager() = default;
 Result SharedBufferManager::CreateSession(Kernel::KProcess* owner_process, u64* out_buffer_id,
                                          u64* out_layer_handle, u64 display_id,
                                          bool enable_blending) {
-    std::scoped_lock lk{m_guard};
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_guard};

-    // Ensure we haven't already created.
-    const u64 aruid = owner_process->GetProcessId();
-    R_UNLESS(!m_sessions.contains(aruid), VI::ResultPermissionDenied);
+        // Ensure we haven't already created.
+        const u64 aruid = owner_process->GetProcessId();
+        R_UNLESS(!m_sessions.contains(aruid), VI::ResultPermissionDenied);

-    // Allocate memory for the shared buffer if needed.
-    if (!m_buffer_page_group) {
-        R_TRY(AllocateSharedBufferMemory(std::addressof(m_buffer_page_group), m_system,
-                                         SharedBufferSize));
+        // Allocate memory for the shared buffer if needed.
+        if (!m_buffer_page_group) {
+            R_TRY(AllocateSharedBufferMemory(std::addressof(m_buffer_page_group), m_system,
+                                             SharedBufferSize));

-        // Record buffer id.
-        m_buffer_id = m_next_buffer_id++;
+            // Record buffer id.
+            m_buffer_id = m_next_buffer_id++;

-        // Record display id.
-        m_display_id = display_id;
+            // Record display id.
+            m_display_id = display_id;
+
+            for (u32 slot = 0; slot < SharedBufferNumCaptureSlots; slot++) {
+                ForEachPoolChunk(m_system, *m_buffer_page_group, u64{slot} * SharedBufferSlotSize,
+                                 SharedBufferSlotSize, [](u8* dst, u64, u64 length) {
+                                     std::fill_n(reinterpret_cast<u32*>(dst), length / sizeof(u32),
+                                                 ColorOpaqueBlackRgba32);
+                                 });
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Claim a presentation slot range.
+        u32 slot_base = 0;
+
+        std::array<bool, SharedBufferMaxSessions> in_use{};
+        for (const auto& [existing_aruid, existing] : m_sessions) {
+            const u32 index = existing.presentation_slot_base / SharedBufferSlotsPerSession;
+
+            if (index < in_use.size())
+                in_use[index] = true;
+        }
+
+        u32 index = 0;
+        while (index < in_use.size() && in_use[index])
+            index++;
+
+        if (index >= in_use.size()) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_VI, "Out of shared buffer presentation slots ({} sessions)", SharedBufferMaxSessions);
+            R_THROW(VI::ResultOperationFailed);
+        }
+
+        slot_base = index * SharedBufferSlotsPerSession;
+
+        // Map into process.
+        Common::ProcessAddress map_address{};
+        R_TRY(MapSharedBufferIntoProcessAddressSpace(std::addressof(map_address), m_buffer_page_group,
+                                                     owner_process, m_system));
+
+        // Create new session.
+        auto [it, was_emplaced] = m_sessions.emplace(aruid, SharedBufferSession{});
+        auto& session = it->second;
+        session.presentation_slot_base = slot_base;
+
+        auto& container = m_nvdrv->GetContainer();
+        session.session_id = container.OpenSession(owner_process);
+        session.nvmap_fd = m_nvdrv->Open("/dev/nvmap", session.session_id);
+
+        // Create an nvmap handle for the buffer and assign the memory to it.
+        R_TRY(AllocateHandleForBuffer(std::addressof(session.buffer_nvmap_handle), *m_nvdrv,
+                                      session.nvmap_fd, map_address, SharedBufferSize));
+
+        // Create and open a layer for the display.
+        s32 producer_binder_id;
+        R_TRY(m_container.CreateStrayLayer(std::addressof(producer_binder_id),
+                                           std::addressof(session.layer_id), display_id));
+
+        // Configure blending and z-index
+        R_ASSERT(m_container.SetLayerBlending(session.layer_id, enable_blending));
+
+        // Get the producer and set preallocated buffers.
+        std::shared_ptr<android::BufferQueueProducer> producer;
+        R_TRY(m_container.GetLayerProducerHandle(std::addressof(producer), session.layer_id));
+        for (u32 i = 0; i < SharedBufferSlotsPerSession; i++)
+            MakeGraphicBuffer(*producer, i, GetPresentationSlot(session.presentation_slot_base, i), session.buffer_nvmap_handle);
+
+        // Assign outputs.
+        *out_buffer_id = m_buffer_id;
+        *out_layer_handle = session.layer_id;
    }
-
-    // Map into process.
-    Common::ProcessAddress map_address{};
-    R_TRY(MapSharedBufferIntoProcessAddressSpace(std::addressof(map_address), m_buffer_page_group,
-                                                 owner_process, m_system));
-
-    // Create new session.
-    auto [it, was_emplaced] = m_sessions.emplace(aruid, SharedBufferSession{});
-    auto& session = it->second;
-
-    auto& container = m_nvdrv->GetContainer();
-    session.session_id = container.OpenSession(owner_process);
-    session.nvmap_fd = m_nvdrv->Open("/dev/nvmap", session.session_id);
-
-    // Create an nvmap handle for the buffer and assign the memory to it.
-    R_TRY(AllocateHandleForBuffer(std::addressof(session.buffer_nvmap_handle), *m_nvdrv,
-                                  session.nvmap_fd, map_address, SharedBufferSize));
-
-    // Create and open a layer for the display.
-    s32 producer_binder_id;
-    R_TRY(m_container.CreateStrayLayer(std::addressof(producer_binder_id),
-                                       std::addressof(session.layer_id), display_id));
-
-    // Configure blending and z-index
-    R_ASSERT(m_container.SetLayerBlending(session.layer_id, enable_blending));
-
-    // Get the producer and set preallocated buffers.
-    std::shared_ptr<android::BufferQueueProducer> producer;
-    R_TRY(m_container.GetLayerProducerHandle(std::addressof(producer), session.layer_id));
-    MakeGraphicBuffer(*producer, 0, session.buffer_nvmap_handle);
-    MakeGraphicBuffer(*producer, 1, session.buffer_nvmap_handle);
-
-    // Assign outputs.
-    *out_buffer_id = m_buffer_id;
-    *out_layer_handle = session.layer_id;
-
    // We succeeded.
    R_SUCCEED();
 }
@@ -336,14 +426,51 @@ Result SharedBufferManager::AcquireSharedFrameBuffer(android::Fence* out_fence,
                                     SharedBufferBlockLinearFormat, 0) == android::Status::NoError,
             VI::ResultOperationFailed);

-    // Assign remaining outputs.
-    *out_target_slot = slot;
-    out_slot_indexes = {0, 1, -1, -1};
+    out_slot_indexes.fill(-1);
+
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_guard};
+        const auto* const session = this->FindSessionByLayerIdLocked(layer_id);
+        if (session == nullptr) {
+            producer->CancelBuffer(slot, *out_fence);
+            // LOG_DEBUG(Service_VI, "No Session found");
+            R_THROW(VI::ResultNotFound);
+        }
+
+        for (u32 i = 0; i < SharedBufferSlotsPerSession; i++)
+            out_slot_indexes[i] =
+                static_cast<s32>(GetPresentationSlot(session->presentation_slot_base, i));
+
+        *out_target_slot = static_cast<s64>(
+            GetPresentationSlot(session->presentation_slot_base, static_cast<u32>(slot)));
+    }

    // We succeeded.
    R_SUCCEED();
 }

+Result SharedBufferManager::GetProducerSlotLocked(s32* out_producer_slot, u64 layer_id,
+                                                   s64 pool_slot) const {
+    const auto* const session = this->FindSessionByLayerIdLocked(layer_id);
+    R_UNLESS(session != nullptr, VI::ResultNotFound);
+
+    const s64 base = GetPresentationSlot(session->presentation_slot_base, 0);
+    const s64 producer_slot = pool_slot - base;
+    R_UNLESS(producer_slot >= 0 && producer_slot < SharedBufferSlotsPerSession,
+             VI::ResultOperationFailed);
+
+    *out_producer_slot = static_cast<s32>(producer_slot);
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+const SharedBufferSession* SharedBufferManager::FindSessionByLayerIdLocked(u64 layer_id) const {
+    for (const auto& [aruid, session] : m_sessions)
+        if (session.layer_id == layer_id)
+            return std::addressof(session);
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
 Result SharedBufferManager::PresentSharedFrameBuffer(android::Fence fence,
                                                     Common::Rectangle<s32> crop_region,
                                                     u32 transform, s32 swap_interval, u64 layer_id,
@@ -352,14 +479,20 @@ Result SharedBufferManager::PresentSharedFrameBuffer(android::Fence fence,
    std::shared_ptr<android::BufferQueueProducer> producer;
    R_TRY(m_container.GetLayerProducerHandle(std::addressof(producer), layer_id));

+    s32 producer_slot;
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_guard};
+        R_TRY(this->GetProducerSlotLocked(std::addressof(producer_slot), layer_id, slot));
+    }
+
    // Request to queue the buffer.
    std::shared_ptr<android::GraphicBuffer> buffer;
-    R_UNLESS(producer->RequestBuffer(static_cast<s32>(slot), std::addressof(buffer)) ==
+    R_UNLESS(producer->RequestBuffer(producer_slot, std::addressof(buffer)) ==
                 android::Status::NoError,
             VI::ResultOperationFailed);

    ON_RESULT_FAILURE {
-        producer->CancelBuffer(static_cast<s32>(slot), fence);
+        producer->CancelBuffer(producer_slot, fence);
    };

    // Queue the buffer to the producer.
@@ -369,12 +502,10 @@ Result SharedBufferManager::PresentSharedFrameBuffer(android::Fence fence,
    input.fence = fence;
    input.transform = static_cast<android::NativeWindowTransform>(transform);
    input.swap_interval = swap_interval;
-    R_UNLESS(producer->QueueBuffer(static_cast<s32>(slot), input, std::addressof(output)) ==
+    R_UNLESS(producer->QueueBuffer(producer_slot, input, std::addressof(output)) ==
                 android::Status::NoError,
             VI::ResultOperationFailed);

-    (void)m_container.SetLayerZIndex(layer_id, 100000);
-
    // We succeeded.
    R_SUCCEED();
 }
@@ -384,8 +515,14 @@ Result SharedBufferManager::CancelSharedFrameBuffer(u64 layer_id, s64 slot) {
    std::shared_ptr<android::BufferQueueProducer> producer;
    R_TRY(m_container.GetLayerProducerHandle(std::addressof(producer), layer_id));

+    s32 producer_slot;
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lk{m_guard};
+        R_TRY(this->GetProducerSlotLocked(std::addressof(producer_slot), layer_id, slot));
+    }
+
    // Cancel.
-    producer->CancelBuffer(static_cast<s32>(slot), android::Fence::NoFence());
+    producer->CancelBuffer(producer_slot, android::Fence::NoFence());

    // We succeeded.
    R_SUCCEED();
@@ -404,31 +541,47 @@ Result SharedBufferManager::GetSharedFrameBufferAcquirableEvent(Kernel::KReadabl
    R_SUCCEED();
 }

-Result SharedBufferManager::WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(bool* out_was_written, s32* out_layer_index) {
-    std::vector<u8> capture_buffer(m_system.GPU().GetAppletCaptureBuffer());
-    Common::ScratchBuffer<u32> scratch;
+Result SharedBufferManager::WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(bool* out_was_written, s32* out_layer_index, CaptureKind kind) {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_guard};
+    R_UNLESS(m_buffer_page_group != nullptr, VI::ResultNotFound);

-    // TODO: this could be optimized
-    s64 e = -1280 * 768 * 4;
-    for (auto& block : *m_buffer_page_group) {
-        u8* start = m_system.DeviceMemory().GetPointer<u8>(block.GetAddress());
-        u8* end = m_system.DeviceMemory().GetPointer<u8>(block.GetAddress() + block.GetSize());
+    const std::vector<u8> capture = m_system.GPU().GetAppletCaptureBuffer();
+    const u32 slot = GetCaptureSlot(kind);

-        for (; start < end; start++) {
-            *start = 0;
-            if (e >= 0 && e < static_cast<s64>(capture_buffer.size())) {
-                *start = capture_buffer[e];
-            }
-            e++;
-        }
-
-        m_system.GPU().Host1x().MemoryManager().ApplyOpOnPointer(start, scratch, [&](DAddr addr) {
-            m_system.GPU().InvalidateRegion(addr, end - start);
-        });
+    if (capture.size() < SharedBufferSlotSize) {
+        //LOG_WARNING(Service_VI, "Capture buffer is {} bytes, expected at least {}; not writing",
+        //            capture.size(), SharedBufferSlotSize);
+        *out_was_written = false;
+        *out_layer_index = static_cast<s32>(slot);
+        R_SUCCEED();
    }

+    ForEachPoolChunk(m_system, *m_buffer_page_group, u64{slot} * SharedBufferSlotSize,
+                     SharedBufferSlotSize,
+                     [&](u8* dst, u64 src_offset, u64 length) {
+                         std::memcpy(dst, capture.data() + src_offset, length);
+                     });
+
    *out_was_written = true;
-    *out_layer_index = 1;
+    *out_layer_index = static_cast<s32>(slot);
+    R_SUCCEED();
+}
+
+Result SharedBufferManager::ClearAppletCaptureBuffer(s32 layer_index, u32 color) {
+    std::scoped_lock lk{m_guard};
+    R_UNLESS(m_buffer_page_group != nullptr, VI::ResultNotFound);
+
+    if (layer_index < 0 || layer_index >= static_cast<s32>(SharedBufferNumCaptureSlots)) {
+        LOG_WARNING(Service_VI, "Couldnt clear non-capture slot {}", layer_index);
+        R_SUCCEED();
+    }
+
+    ForEachPoolChunk(m_system, *m_buffer_page_group, u64{static_cast<u32>(layer_index)} * SharedBufferSlotSize,
+                     SharedBufferSlotSize, [&](u8* dst, u64 src_offset, u64 length) {
+                         ASSERT(src_offset % sizeof(u32) == 0 && length % sizeof(u32) == 0);
+                         std::fill_n(reinterpret_cast<u32*>(dst), length / sizeof(u32), color);
+                     });
+
    R_SUCCEED();
 }

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -48,6 +48,12 @@ static_assert(sizeof(SharedMemoryPoolLayout) == 0x188, "SharedMemoryPoolLayout h

 struct SharedBufferSession;

+enum class CaptureKind : u32 {
+    LastApplication,
+    LastForeground,
+    CallerApplet,
+};
+
 class SharedBufferManager final {
 public:
    explicit SharedBufferManager(Core::System& system, Container& container,
@@ -68,9 +74,15 @@ public:
    Result CancelSharedFrameBuffer(u64 layer_id, s64 slot);
    Result GetSharedFrameBufferAcquirableEvent(Kernel::KReadableEvent** out_event, u64 layer_id);

-    Result WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(bool* out_was_written, s32* out_layer_index);
+    Result WriteAppletCaptureBuffer(bool* out_was_written, s32* out_layer_index, CaptureKind kind);
+    Result ClearAppletCaptureBuffer(s32 layer_index, u32 color);

 private:
+    const SharedBufferSession* FindSessionByLayerIdLocked(u64 layer_id) const;
+
+    /// Converts a pool slot index, which is what the guest works in, back to the buffer queues slot index
+    Result GetProducerSlotLocked(s32* out_producer_slot, u64 layer_id, s64 pool_slot) const;
+
    u64 m_next_buffer_id = 1;
    u64 m_display_id = 0;
    u64 m_buffer_id = 0;
@@ -89,6 +101,7 @@ struct SharedBufferSession {
    Nvidia::NvCore::SessionId session_id = {};
    u64 layer_id = {};
    u32 buffer_nvmap_handle = 0;
+    u32 presentation_slot_base = 0;
 };

 } // namespace Service::VI
@@ -209,7 +209,10 @@ std::optional<VAddr> AppLoader_NSO::LoadModule(Kernel::KProcess& process, Core::

    // Apply cheats if they exist and the program has a valid title ID
    if (pm) {
-        system.SetApplicationProcessBuildID(nso_header.build_id);
+        // TODO(Maufeat): Check if there is a better way to check
+        if (name == "main")
+            system.SetApplicationProcessBuildID(nso_header.build_id);
+
        const auto cheats = pm->CreateCheatList(nso_header.build_id);
        if (!cheats.empty()) {
            system.RegisterCheatList(cheats, nso_header.build_id, load_base, image_size);
@@ -51,24 +51,41 @@ StandardVmCallbacks::StandardVmCallbacks(System& system_, const CheatProcessMeta

 StandardVmCallbacks::~StandardVmCallbacks() = default;

+Kernel::KProcess* StandardVmCallbacks::GetProcess() const {
+    if (cached_process != nullptr && cached_process_id == metadata.process_id) {
+        return cached_process;
+    }
+
+    auto process = system.Kernel().GetProcessByProcessId(metadata.process_id);
+    cached_process = process.IsNull() ? nullptr : process.GetPointerUnsafe();
+    cached_process_id = metadata.process_id;
+    return cached_process;
+}
+
 void StandardVmCallbacks::MemoryReadUnsafe(VAddr address, void* data, u64 size) {
+    auto* const process = this->GetProcess();
+
    // Return zero on invalid address
-    if (!IsAddressInRange(address) || !system.ApplicationMemory().IsValidVirtualAddress(address)) {
+    if (process == nullptr || !IsAddressInRange(address) ||
+        !process->GetMemory().IsValidVirtualAddress(address)) {
        std::memset(data, 0, size);
        return;
    }

-    system.ApplicationMemory().ReadBlock(address, data, size);
+    process->GetMemory().ReadBlock(address, data, size);
 }

 void StandardVmCallbacks::MemoryWriteUnsafe(VAddr address, const void* data, u64 size) {
+    auto* const process = this->GetProcess();
+
    // Skip invalid memory write address
-    if (!IsAddressInRange(address) || !system.ApplicationMemory().IsValidVirtualAddress(address)) {
+    if (process == nullptr || !IsAddressInRange(address) ||
+        !process->GetMemory().IsValidVirtualAddress(address)) {
        return;
    }

-    if (system.ApplicationMemory().WriteBlock(address, data, size)) {
-        Core::InvalidateInstructionCacheRange(system.ApplicationProcess(), address, size);
+    if (process->GetMemory().WriteBlock(address, data, size)) {
+        Core::InvalidateInstructionCacheRange(process, address, size);
    }
 }

@@ -91,14 +108,16 @@ u64 StandardVmCallbacks::HidKeysDown() {
 }

 void StandardVmCallbacks::PauseProcess() {
-    if (!system.ApplicationProcess()->IsSuspended()) {
-        system.ApplicationProcess()->SetActivity(system.Kernel(), Kernel::Svc::ProcessActivity::Paused);
+    auto* const process = this->GetProcess();
+    if (process != nullptr && !process->IsSuspended()) {
+        process->SetActivity(system.Kernel(), Kernel::Svc::ProcessActivity::Paused);
    }
 }

 void StandardVmCallbacks::ResumeProcess() {
-    if (system.ApplicationProcess()->IsSuspended()) {
-        system.ApplicationProcess()->SetActivity(system.Kernel(), Kernel::Svc::ProcessActivity::Runnable);
+    auto* const process = this->GetProcess();
+    if (process != nullptr && process->IsSuspended()) {
+        process->SetActivity(system.Kernel(), Kernel::Svc::ProcessActivity::Runnable);
    }
 }

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

@@ -15,6 +18,10 @@ namespace Core {
 class System;
 }

+namespace Kernel {
+class KProcess;
+}
+
 namespace Core::Timing {
 class CoreTiming;
 struct EventType;
@@ -38,8 +45,12 @@ public:
 private:
    bool IsAddressInRange(VAddr address) const;

+    Kernel::KProcess* GetProcess() const;
+
    const CheatProcessMetadata& metadata;
    Core::System& system;
+    mutable Kernel::KProcess* cached_process{};
+    mutable u64 cached_process_id{};
 };

 // Intermediary class that parses a text file or other disk format for storing cheats into a
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ void Reporter::SaveUnimplementedFunctionReport(Service::HLERequestContext& ctx,
    const auto title_id = system.GetApplicationProcessProgramID();
    auto out = GetFullDataAuto(timestamp, title_id, system);

-    auto function_out = GetHLERequestContextData(ctx, system.ApplicationMemory());
+    auto function_out = GetHLERequestContextData(ctx, ctx.GetMemory());
    function_out["command_id"] = command_id;
    function_out["function_name"] = name;
    function_out["service_name"] = service_name;
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

@@ -62,8 +65,9 @@ void HidbusBase::DisablePollingMode() {
    polling_mode_enabled = false;
 }

-void HidbusBase::SetTransferMemoryAddress(Common::ProcessAddress t_mem) {
+void HidbusBase::SetTransferMemoryAddress(Common::ProcessAddress t_mem, Kernel::KProcess* owner) {
    transfer_memory = t_mem;
+    transfer_memory_owner = owner;
 }

 Kernel::KReadableEvent& HidbusBase::GetSendCommandAsycEvent() const {
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

@@ -14,6 +17,7 @@ class System;

 namespace Kernel {
 class KEvent;
+class KProcess;
 class KReadableEvent;
 } // namespace Kernel

@@ -138,7 +142,7 @@ public:
    void DisablePollingMode();

    // Called on EnableJoyPollingReceiveMode
-    void SetTransferMemoryAddress(Common::ProcessAddress t_mem);
+    void SetTransferMemoryAddress(Common::ProcessAddress t_mem, Kernel::KProcess* owner);

    Kernel::KReadableEvent& GetSendCommandAsycEvent() const;

@@ -175,6 +179,7 @@ protected:
    ButtonOnlyPollingDataAccessor button_only_data{};

    Common::ProcessAddress transfer_memory{};
+    Kernel::KProcess* transfer_memory_owner{};

    Core::System& system;
    Kernel::KEvent* send_command_async_event;
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@

 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_event.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_process.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_readable_event.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
 #include "hid_core/frontend/emulated_controller.h"
@@ -67,8 +68,10 @@ void RingController::OnUpdate() {
        curr_entry.polling_data.out_size = sizeof(ringcon_value);
        std::memcpy(curr_entry.polling_data.data.data(), &ringcon_value, sizeof(ringcon_value));

-        system.ApplicationMemory().WriteBlock(transfer_memory, &enable_sixaxis_data,
-                                              sizeof(enable_sixaxis_data));
+        if (transfer_memory_owner != nullptr) {
+            transfer_memory_owner->GetMemory().WriteBlock(transfer_memory, &enable_sixaxis_data,
+                                                          sizeof(enable_sixaxis_data));
+        }
        break;
    }
    default:
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_process.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
 #include "hid_core/frontend/emulated_controller.h"
 #include "hid_core/hid_core.h"
@@ -48,10 +49,12 @@ void ImageTransferProcessor::OnControllerUpdate(Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType
    if (type != Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType::IrSensor) {
        return;
    }
-    if (transfer_memory == 0) {
+    if (transfer_memory == 0 || transfer_memory_owner == nullptr) {
        return;
    }

+    auto& memory = transfer_memory_owner->GetMemory();
+
    const auto& camera_data = npad_device->GetCamera();

    // This indicates how much ambient light is present
@@ -61,16 +64,14 @@ void ImageTransferProcessor::OnControllerUpdate(Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType
    if (camera_data.format != current_config.origin_format) {
        LOG_WARNING(Service_IRS, "Wrong Input format {} expected {}", camera_data.format,
                    current_config.origin_format);
-        system.ApplicationMemory().ZeroBlock(transfer_memory,
-                                             GetDataSize(current_config.trimming_format));
+        memory.ZeroBlock(transfer_memory, GetDataSize(current_config.trimming_format));
        return;
    }

    if (current_config.origin_format > current_config.trimming_format) {
        LOG_WARNING(Service_IRS, "Origin format {} is smaller than trimming format {}",
                    current_config.origin_format, current_config.trimming_format);
-        system.ApplicationMemory().ZeroBlock(transfer_memory,
-                                             GetDataSize(current_config.trimming_format));
+        memory.ZeroBlock(transfer_memory, GetDataSize(current_config.trimming_format));
        return;
    }

@@ -87,8 +88,7 @@ void ImageTransferProcessor::OnControllerUpdate(Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType
                    "Trimming area ({}, {}, {}, {}) is outside of origin area ({}, {})",
                    current_config.trimming_start_x, current_config.trimming_start_y,
                    trimming_width, trimming_height, origin_width, origin_height);
-        system.ApplicationMemory().ZeroBlock(transfer_memory,
-                                             GetDataSize(current_config.trimming_format));
+        memory.ZeroBlock(transfer_memory, GetDataSize(current_config.trimming_format));
        return;
    }

@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ void ImageTransferProcessor::OnControllerUpdate(Core::HID::ControllerTriggerType
        }
    }

-    system.ApplicationMemory().WriteBlock(transfer_memory, window_data.data(),
-                                          GetDataSize(current_config.trimming_format));
+    memory.WriteBlock(transfer_memory, window_data.data(),
+                      GetDataSize(current_config.trimming_format));

    if (!IsProcessorActive()) {
        StartProcessor();
@@ -143,14 +143,19 @@ void ImageTransferProcessor::SetConfig(
    npad_device->SetCameraFormat(current_config.origin_format);
 }

-void ImageTransferProcessor::SetTransferMemoryAddress(Common::ProcessAddress t_mem) {
+void ImageTransferProcessor::SetTransferMemoryAddress(Common::ProcessAddress t_mem,
+                                                      Kernel::KProcess* owner) {
    transfer_memory = t_mem;
+    transfer_memory_owner = owner;
 }

 Core::IrSensor::ImageTransferProcessorState ImageTransferProcessor::GetState(
    std::span<u8> data) const {
+    if (transfer_memory_owner == nullptr)
+        return processor_state;
+
    const auto size = (std::min)(GetDataSize(current_config.trimming_format), data.size());
-    system.ApplicationMemory().ReadBlock(transfer_memory, data.data(), size);
+    transfer_memory_owner->GetMemory().ReadBlock(transfer_memory, data.data(), size);
    return processor_state;
 }

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

@@ -9,6 +12,10 @@
 #include "hid_core/irsensor/irs_types.h"
 #include "hid_core/irsensor/processor_base.h"

+namespace Kernel {
+class KProcess;
+}
+
 namespace Core {
 class System;
 }
@@ -39,7 +46,7 @@ public:
    void SetConfig(Core::IrSensor::PackedImageTransferProcessorExConfig config);

    // Transfer memory where the image data will be stored
-    void SetTransferMemoryAddress(Common::ProcessAddress t_mem);
+    void SetTransferMemoryAddress(Common::ProcessAddress t_mem, Kernel::KProcess* owner);

    Core::IrSensor::ImageTransferProcessorState GetState(std::span<u8> data) const;

@@ -75,5 +82,6 @@ private:

    Core::System& system;
    Common::ProcessAddress transfer_memory{};
+    Kernel::KProcess* transfer_memory_owner{};
 };
 } // namespace Service::IRS
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

@@ -6,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/frontend/emu_window.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_process.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
 #include "hid_core/frontend/emulated_console.h"
 #include "hid_core/frontend/emulated_devices.h"
@@ -24,7 +28,7 @@ void SevenSixAxis::OnInit() {}
 void SevenSixAxis::OnRelease() {}

 void SevenSixAxis::OnUpdate(const Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing) {
-    if (!IsControllerActivated() || transfer_memory == 0) {
+    if (!IsControllerActivated() || transfer_memory == 0 || transfer_memory_owner == nullptr) {
        seven_sixaxis_lifo.buffer_count = 0;
        seven_sixaxis_lifo.buffer_tail = 0;
        return;
@@ -51,12 +55,13 @@ void SevenSixAxis::OnUpdate(const Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing) {
    };

    seven_sixaxis_lifo.WriteNextEntry(next_seven_sixaxis_state);
-    system.ApplicationMemory().WriteBlock(transfer_memory, &seven_sixaxis_lifo,
-                                          sizeof(seven_sixaxis_lifo));
+    transfer_memory_owner->GetMemory().WriteBlock(transfer_memory, &seven_sixaxis_lifo,
+                                                  sizeof(seven_sixaxis_lifo));
 }

-void SevenSixAxis::SetTransferMemoryAddress(Common::ProcessAddress t_mem) {
+void SevenSixAxis::SetTransferMemoryAddress(Common::ProcessAddress t_mem, Kernel::KProcess* owner) {
    transfer_memory = t_mem;
+    transfer_memory_owner = owner;
 }

 void SevenSixAxis::ResetTimestamp() {
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2023 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

@@ -9,6 +12,10 @@
 #include "hid_core/resources/controller_base.h"
 #include "hid_core/resources/ring_lifo.h"

+namespace Kernel {
+class KProcess;
+}
+
 namespace Core {
 class System;
 } // namespace Core
@@ -33,7 +40,7 @@ public:
    void OnUpdate(const Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing) override;

    // Called on InitializeSevenSixAxisSensor
-    void SetTransferMemoryAddress(Common::ProcessAddress t_mem);
+    void SetTransferMemoryAddress(Common::ProcessAddress t_mem, Kernel::KProcess* owner);

    // Called on ResetSevenSixAxisSensorTimestamp
    void ResetTimestamp();
@@ -58,6 +65,7 @@ private:

    SevenSixAxisState next_seven_sixaxis_state{};
    Common::ProcessAddress transfer_memory{};
+    Kernel::KProcess* transfer_memory_owner{};
    Core::HID::EmulatedConsole* console = nullptr;

    Core::System& system;
@@ -548,8 +548,18 @@ void TouchResource::OnTouchUpdate(s64 timestamp) {
            }

            auto& touch_shared = applet_data->shared_memory_format->touch_screen;
-            StorePreviousTouchState(previous_touch_state, data.finger_map, current_touch_state, bool(applet_data->flag.enable_touchscreen));
-            touch_shared.touch_screen_lifo.WriteNextEntry(current_touch_state);
+
+            if (applet_data->flag.enable_touchscreen) {
+                StorePreviousTouchState(previous_touch_state, data.finger_map, current_touch_state, true);
+                touch_shared.touch_screen_lifo.WriteNextEntry(current_touch_state);
+            } else {
+                TouchScreenState denied{};
+                denied.sampling_number = current_touch_state.sampling_number;
+                denied.entry_count = 0;
+                data.finger_map.finger_count = 0;
+                data.finger_map.finger_ids = {};
+                touch_shared.touch_screen_lifo.WriteNextEntry(denied);
+            }
        }
    }
 }
@@ -51,7 +51,18 @@ void EmuThread::run() {
            QtCommon::system->Run();
            m_stopped.Reset();

-            m_should_run_cv.wait(lk, stop_token, [&] { return !m_should_run; });
+            m_should_run_cv.wait(lk, stop_token, [&] {
+                return !m_should_run || m_pending_shader_cache_title.has_value();
+            });
+
+            if (m_should_run && m_pending_shader_cache_title.has_value()) {
+                const u64 program_id = *m_pending_shader_cache_title;
+                m_pending_shader_cache_title.reset();
+
+                lk.unlock();
+                this->ReloadDiskShaderCache(program_id);
+                lk.lock();
+            }
        } else {
            QtCommon::system->Pause();
            m_stopped.Set();
@@ -67,6 +78,32 @@ void EmuThread::run() {
    QtCommon::system->ShutdownMainProcess();
 }

+void EmuThread::ReloadDiskShaderCache(u64 program_id) {
+    if (!Settings::values.use_disk_shader_cache.GetValue()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    LOG_INFO(Frontend, "Reloading disk shader cache for {:016X}", program_id);
+
+    auto& system = *QtCommon::system;
+    auto& gpu = system.GPU();
+
+    system.Pause();
+    gpu.WaitForIdle();
+    gpu.ObtainContext();
+
+    emit ShaderCacheReloadStarted();
+    emit LoadProgress(VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage::Prepare, 0, 0);
+    system.Renderer().ReadRasterizer()->LoadDiskResources(program_id, m_stop_source.get_token(),
+        [this](VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage stage, std::size_t value, std::size_t total) {
+            emit LoadProgress(stage, value, total);
+        });
+    emit LoadProgress(VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage::Complete, 0, 0);
+    emit ShaderCacheReloadFinished();
+
+    gpu.ReleaseContext();
+}
+
 // Unlock while emitting signals so that the main thread can
 // continue pumping events.

@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@

 #pragma once

+#include <optional>
+
 #include <QThread>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
 #include "common/thread.h"

@@ -63,9 +66,19 @@ public:
        m_stop_source.request_stop();
    }

+    /**
+     * Requests that the disk shader cache be reloaded for a different title.
+     */
+    void RequestDiskShaderCacheReload(u64 program_id) {
+        std::unique_lock run_lk{m_should_run_mutex};
+        m_pending_shader_cache_title = program_id;
+        m_should_run_cv.notify_one();
+    }
+
 private:
    void EmulationPaused(std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lk);
    void EmulationResumed(std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lk);
+    void ReloadDiskShaderCache(u64 program_id);

 private:
    std::stop_source m_stop_source;
@@ -73,6 +86,7 @@ private:
    std::condition_variable_any m_should_run_cv;
    Common::Event m_stopped;
    bool m_should_run{true};
+    std::optional<u64> m_pending_shader_cache_title;

 signals:
    /**
@@ -94,4 +108,7 @@ signals:
    void DebugModeLeft();

    void LoadProgress(VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage stage, std::size_t value, std::size_t total);
+
+    void ShaderCacheReloadStarted();
+    void ShaderCacheReloadFinished();
 };
@@ -1,11 +1,35 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

+#include <algorithm>
+
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "video_core/framebuffer_config.h"

 namespace Tegra {

+std::span<const FramebufferConfig> FilterLayerStack(
+    std::span<const FramebufferConfig> layers, Service::Nvnflinger::LayerStackId stack,
+    std::vector<FramebufferConfig>& scratch) {
+    const u32 bit = Service::Nvnflinger::LayerStackBit(stack);
+
+    if (std::ranges::all_of(layers,
+                            [bit](const auto& layer) { return (layer.layer_stack_mask & bit) != 0; }))
+        return layers;
+
+    scratch.clear();
+    for (const auto& layer : layers) {
+        if ((layer.layer_stack_mask & bit) != 0) {
+            scratch.push_back(layer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return scratch;
+}
+
 Common::Rectangle<f32> NormalizeCrop(const FramebufferConfig& framebuffer, u32 texture_width,
                                     u32 texture_height) {
    f32 left, top, right, bottom;
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

 #pragma once

+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/math_util.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvnflinger/buffer_transform_flags.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/nvnflinger/hwc_layer.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvnflinger/pixel_format.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvnflinger/ui/fence.h"

@@ -30,9 +37,17 @@ struct FramebufferConfig {
    Service::android::BufferTransformFlags transform_flags{};
    Common::Rectangle<int> crop_rect{};
    BlendMode blending{};
+    u32 layer_stack_mask{Service::Nvnflinger::DefaultLayerStackMask};
 };

 Common::Rectangle<f32> NormalizeCrop(const FramebufferConfig& framebuffer, u32 texture_width,
                                     u32 texture_height);

+/**
+ * Returns the subset of layers belonging to a stack.
+ */
+std::span<const FramebufferConfig> FilterLayerStack(std::span<const FramebufferConfig> layers,
+                                                    Service::Nvnflinger::LayerStackId stack,
+                                                    std::vector<FramebufferConfig>& scratch);
+
 } // namespace Tegra
@@ -144,6 +144,12 @@ struct GPU::Impl {
        sync_request_cv.wait(lck, [this, fence] { return CurrentSyncRequestFence() >= fence; });
    }

+    void WaitForIdle() {
+        const u64 fence = RequestSyncOperation([] {});
+        gpu_thread.TickGPU(is_async);
+        WaitForSyncOperation(fence);
+    }
+
    /// Tick pending requests within the GPU.
    void TickWork() {
        std::unique_lock lck{sync_request_mutex};
@@ -484,6 +490,10 @@ void GPU::NotifyShutdown() {
    impl->NotifyShutdown();
 }

+void GPU::WaitForIdle() {
+    impl->WaitForIdle();
+}
+
 void GPU::ObtainContext() {
    impl->ObtainContext();
 }
@@ -168,6 +168,8 @@ public:

    void WaitForSyncOperation(u64 fence);

+    void WaitForIdle();
+
    /// Tick pending requests within the GPU.
    void TickWork();

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ set(SHADER_FILES
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/blit_color_float.frag
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/block_linear_unswizzle_2d.comp
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/blit_color_msaa.frag
-    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/blit_depth.frag
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/blit_depth_msaa.frag
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/blit_depth_stencil_msaa.frag
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/block_linear_unswizzle_3d.comp
@@ -31,12 +30,8 @@ set(SHADER_FILES
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_float_to_depth.frag
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa.comp
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa.frag
-    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth.frag
-    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_stencil.frag
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa.comp
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa.frag
-    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth.frag
-    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_stencil.frag
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/convert_s8d24_to_abgr8.frag
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/full_screen_triangle.vert
    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/fxaa.frag
@@ -168,44 +163,6 @@ foreach(SOURCE_FILE IN ITEMS ${SHADER_FILES})
    endif()
 endforeach()

-# Integer variants of the MSAA conversion shaders. They only differ from the float
-# source in the sampler and output types, so they are generated from it via defines.
-set(SHADER_TYPE_VARIANTS
-    "convert_msaa_to_non_msaa.frag|sint|isampler2DMS|ivec4"
-    "convert_msaa_to_non_msaa.frag|uint|usampler2DMS|uvec4"
-    "convert_non_msaa_to_msaa.frag|sint|isampler2D|ivec4"
-    "convert_non_msaa_to_msaa.frag|uint|usampler2D|uvec4"
-)
-
-foreach(VARIANT IN ITEMS ${SHADER_TYPE_VARIANTS})
-    string(REPLACE "|" ";" VARIANT_PARTS ${VARIANT})
-    list(GET VARIANT_PARTS 0 VARIANT_FILENAME)
-    list(GET VARIANT_PARTS 1 VARIANT_SUFFIX)
-    list(GET VARIANT_PARTS 2 VARIANT_SAMPLER)
-    list(GET VARIANT_PARTS 3 VARIANT_TEXEL)
-
-    set(VARIANT_SOURCE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${VARIANT_FILENAME})
-    get_filename_component(VARIANT_STEM ${VARIANT_FILENAME} NAME_WE)
-    get_filename_component(VARIANT_EXT ${VARIANT_FILENAME} EXT)
-    string(REPLACE "." "" VARIANT_EXT ${VARIANT_EXT})
-    set(VARIANT_NAME ${VARIANT_STEM}_${VARIANT_SUFFIX}_${VARIANT_EXT})
-
-    string(TOUPPER ${VARIANT_NAME}_SPV VARIANT_VARIABLE_NAME)
-    set(VARIANT_HEADER_FILE ${SHADER_DIR}/${VARIANT_NAME}_spv.h)
-    add_custom_command(
-        OUTPUT
-            ${VARIANT_HEADER_FILE}
-        COMMAND
-            ${GLSLANGVALIDATOR} -V ${QUIET_FLAG} -I"${FIDELITYFX_INCLUDE_DIR}" ${GLSL_FLAGS}
-            -DSAMPLER_TYPE=${VARIANT_SAMPLER} -DTEXEL_TYPE=${VARIANT_TEXEL}
-            --variable-name ${VARIANT_VARIABLE_NAME} -o ${VARIANT_HEADER_FILE} ${VARIANT_SOURCE}
-            --target-env ${SPIR_V_VERSION}
-        MAIN_DEPENDENCY
-            ${VARIANT_SOURCE}
-    )
-    set(SHADER_HEADERS ${SHADER_HEADERS} ${VARIANT_HEADER_FILE})
-endforeach()
-
 foreach(FILEPATH IN ITEMS ${FIDELITYFX_FILES})
    get_filename_component(FILENAME ${FILEPATH} NAME)
    string(REPLACE "." "_" HEADER_NAME ${FILENAME})
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
-#version 450 core
-
-layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2D depth_tex;
-
-layout(location = 0) in vec2 texcoord;
-
-void main() {
-    gl_FragDepth = textureLod(depth_tex, texcoord, 0).r;
-}
@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2DMS depth_tex;
 layout(location = 0) in vec2 texcoord;

 void main() {
-    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(depth_tex, ivec2(texcoord), gl_SampleID).r;
+    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(depth_tex, ivec2(texcoord), 0).r;
 }
@@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ layout(binding = 1) uniform usampler2DMS stencil_tex;
 layout(location = 0) in vec2 texcoord;

 void main() {
-    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(depth_tex, ivec2(texcoord), gl_SampleID).r;
-    gl_FragStencilRefARB = int(texelFetch(stencil_tex, ivec2(texcoord), gl_SampleID).r);
+    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(depth_tex, ivec2(texcoord), 0).r;
+    gl_FragStencilRefARB = int(texelFetch(stencil_tex, ivec2(texcoord), 0).r);
 }
@@ -3,14 +3,7 @@

 #version 450 core

-#ifndef SAMPLER_TYPE
-#define SAMPLER_TYPE sampler2DMS
-#endif
-#ifndef TEXEL_TYPE
-#define TEXEL_TYPE vec4
-#endif
-
-layout(binding = 0) uniform SAMPLER_TYPE msaa_in;
+layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2DMS msaa_in;

 layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
    ivec2 dst_offset;
@@ -18,7 +11,7 @@ layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
    ivec2 scale;
 };

-layout(location = 0) out TEXEL_TYPE frag_color;
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 frag_color;

 void main() {
    const ivec2 coord = ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) - dst_offset + src_offset;
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
-#version 450 core
-
-layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2DMS msaa_in;
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    ivec2 dst_offset;
-    ivec2 src_offset;
-    ivec2 scale;
-};
-
-void main() {
-    const ivec2 coord = ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) - dst_offset + src_offset;
-    const ivec2 msaa_coord = coord / scale;
-    const ivec2 sample_offset = coord % scale;
-    const int sample_id = sample_offset.x + scale.x * sample_offset.y;
-    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(msaa_in, msaa_coord, sample_id).r;
-}
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
-#version 450 core
-#extension GL_ARB_shader_stencil_export : require
-
-layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2DMS depth_tex;
-layout(binding = 1) uniform usampler2DMS stencil_tex;
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    ivec2 dst_offset;
-    ivec2 src_offset;
-    ivec2 scale;
-};
-
-void main() {
-    const ivec2 coord = ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) - dst_offset + src_offset;
-    const ivec2 msaa_coord = coord / scale;
-    const ivec2 sample_offset = coord % scale;
-    const int sample_id = sample_offset.x + scale.x * sample_offset.y;
-    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(depth_tex, msaa_coord, sample_id).r;
-    gl_FragStencilRefARB = int(texelFetch(stencil_tex, msaa_coord, sample_id).r);
-}
@@ -3,14 +3,7 @@

 #version 450 core

-#ifndef SAMPLER_TYPE
-#define SAMPLER_TYPE sampler2D
-#endif
-#ifndef TEXEL_TYPE
-#define TEXEL_TYPE vec4
-#endif
-
-layout(binding = 0) uniform SAMPLER_TYPE img_in;
+layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2D img_in;

 layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
    ivec2 dst_offset;
@@ -18,7 +11,7 @@ layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
    ivec2 scale;
 };

-layout(location = 0) out TEXEL_TYPE frag_color;
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 frag_color;

 void main() {
    const ivec2 msaa_coord = ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) - dst_offset;
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
-#version 450 core
-
-layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2D img_in;
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    ivec2 dst_offset;
-    ivec2 src_offset;
-    ivec2 scale;
-};
-
-void main() {
-    const ivec2 msaa_coord = ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) - dst_offset;
-    const ivec2 sample_offset = ivec2(gl_SampleID % scale.x, gl_SampleID / scale.x);
-    const ivec2 coord = msaa_coord * scale + sample_offset + src_offset;
-    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(img_in, coord, 0).r;
-}
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
-#version 450 core
-#extension GL_ARB_shader_stencil_export : require
-
-layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2D depth_tex;
-layout(binding = 1) uniform usampler2D stencil_tex;
-
-layout(push_constant) uniform PushConstants {
-    ivec2 dst_offset;
-    ivec2 src_offset;
-    ivec2 scale;
-};
-
-void main() {
-    const ivec2 msaa_coord = ivec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) - dst_offset;
-    const ivec2 sample_offset = ivec2(gl_SampleID % scale.x, gl_SampleID / scale.x);
-    const ivec2 coord = msaa_coord * scale + sample_offset + src_offset;
-    gl_FragDepth = texelFetch(depth_tex, coord, 0).r;
-    gl_FragStencilRefARB = int(texelFetch(stencil_tex, coord, 0).r);
-}
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ bool RendererBase::IsScreenshotPending() const {
 }

 void RendererBase::RequestScreenshot(void* data, std::function<void(bool)> callback,
-                                     const Layout::FramebufferLayout& layout) {
+                                     const Layout::FramebufferLayout& layout,
+                                     Service::Nvnflinger::LayerStackId layer_stack) {
    if (renderer_settings.screenshot_requested) {
        LOG_ERROR(Render, "A screenshot is already requested or in progress, ignoring the request");
        return;
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ void RendererBase::RequestScreenshot(void* data, std::function<void(bool)> callb
    renderer_settings.screenshot_bits = data;
    renderer_settings.screenshot_complete_callback = async_callback;
    renderer_settings.screenshot_framebuffer_layout = layout;
+    renderer_settings.screenshot_layer_stack = layer_stack;
    renderer_settings.screenshot_requested = true;
 }

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2014 Citra Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

@@ -26,6 +29,7 @@ struct RendererSettings {
    void* screenshot_bits{};
    std::function<void(bool)> screenshot_complete_callback;
    Layout::FramebufferLayout screenshot_framebuffer_layout;
+    Service::Nvnflinger::LayerStackId screenshot_layer_stack{Service::Nvnflinger::LayerStackId::Default};
 };

 class RendererBase {
@@ -88,9 +92,11 @@ public:
    /// Returns true if a screenshot is being processed
    bool IsScreenshotPending() const;

-    /// Request a screenshot of the next frame
+    /// Request a screenshot of the next frame.
    void RequestScreenshot(void* data, std::function<void(bool)> callback,
-                           const Layout::FramebufferLayout& layout);
+                           const Layout::FramebufferLayout& layout,
+                           Service::Nvnflinger::LayerStackId layer_stack =
+                               Service::Nvnflinger::LayerStackId::Default);

 protected:
    Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window; ///< Reference to the render window handle.
@@ -75,8 +75,6 @@ public:

    void Finish();

-    void FlushDeferredClear() {}
-
    StagingBufferMap UploadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred = false);

    StagingBufferMap DownloadStagingBuffer(size_t size, bool deferred = false);
@@ -372,7 +370,6 @@ struct TextureCacheParams {
    static constexpr bool HAS_EMULATED_COPIES = true;
    static constexpr bool HAS_DEVICE_MEMORY_INFO = true;
    static constexpr bool IMPLEMENTS_ASYNC_DOWNLOADS = true;
-    static constexpr bool HAS_MSAA_DOWNLOADS = false;

    using Runtime = OpenGL::TextureCacheRuntime;
    using Image = OpenGL::Image;
@@ -199,7 +199,10 @@ void RendererOpenGL::RenderScreenshot(std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig>
        return;
    }

-    RenderToBuffer(framebuffers, renderer_settings.screenshot_framebuffer_layout,
+    const auto screenshot_layers = Tegra::FilterLayerStack(
+        framebuffers, renderer_settings.screenshot_layer_stack, screenshot_layer_scratch);
+
+    RenderToBuffer(screenshot_layers, renderer_settings.screenshot_framebuffer_layout,
                   renderer_settings.screenshot_bits);

    renderer_settings.screenshot_complete_callback(true);
@@ -208,6 +211,12 @@ void RendererOpenGL::RenderScreenshot(std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig>

 void RendererOpenGL::RenderAppletCaptureLayer(
    std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig> framebuffers) {
+    const auto capture_layers = Tegra::FilterLayerStack(
+        framebuffers, Service::Nvnflinger::LayerStackId::LastFrame, applet_capture_layers);
+
+    if (capture_layers.empty())
+        return;
+
    GLint old_read_fb;
    GLint old_draw_fb;
    glGetIntegerv(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING, &old_read_fb);
@@ -217,7 +226,7 @@ void RendererOpenGL::RenderAppletCaptureLayer(
    glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_RENDERBUFFER,
                              capture_renderbuffer.handle);

-    blit_applet->DrawScreen(framebuffers, VideoCore::Capture::Layout, true);
+    blit_applet->DrawScreen(capture_layers, VideoCore::Capture::Layout, true);

    glBindFramebuffer(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, old_read_fb);
    glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, old_draw_fb);
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2014 Citra Emulator Project
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ private:
    void RenderScreenshot(std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig> framebuffers);
    void RenderAppletCaptureLayer(std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig> framebuffers);

+    std::vector<Tegra::FramebufferConfig> applet_capture_layers;
+    std::vector<Tegra::FramebufferConfig> screenshot_layer_scratch;
+
    Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window;
    Tegra::MaxwellDeviceMemoryManager& device_memory;
    Tegra::GPU& gpu;
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #include "common/settings.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/blit_color_float_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/blit_color_msaa_frag_spv.h"
-#include "video_core/host_shaders/blit_depth_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/blit_depth_msaa_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/blit_depth_stencil_msaa_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_abgr8_to_d24s8_frag_spv.h"
@@ -22,15 +21,7 @@
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_depth_to_float_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_float_to_depth_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_frag_spv.h"
-#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_frag_spv.h"
-#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_stencil_frag_spv.h"
-#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_sint_frag_spv.h"
-#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_uint_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_frag_spv.h"
-#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_sint_frag_spv.h"
-#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_uint_frag_spv.h"
-#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_frag_spv.h"
-#include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_stencil_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/convert_s8d24_to_abgr8_frag_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/full_screen_triangle_vert_spv.h"
 #include "video_core/host_shaders/vulkan_blit_depth_stencil_frag_spv.h"
@@ -527,19 +518,8 @@ void RecordShaderReadBarrier(Scheduler& scheduler, const ImageView& image_view)
    }
 }

-[[nodiscard]] MSAACopyFormatClass FormatClass(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat format) {
-    if (!VideoCore::Surface::IsPixelFormatInteger(format)) {
-        return MSAACopyFormatClass::Float;
-    }
-    if (VideoCore::Surface::IsPixelFormatSignedInteger(format)) {
-        return MSAACopyFormatClass::SignedInteger;
-    }
-    return MSAACopyFormatClass::UnsignedInteger;
-}
-
 [[nodiscard]] vk::ImageView MakeMSAACopyView(const vk::Device& device, VkImage image,
-                                             VkFormat format, u32 base_level, u32 base_layer,
-                                             VkImageAspectFlags aspect_mask) {
+                                             VkFormat format, u32 base_level) {
    return device.CreateImageView(VkImageViewCreateInfo{
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext = nullptr,
@@ -554,10 +534,10 @@ void RecordShaderReadBarrier(Scheduler& scheduler, const ImageView& image_view)
            .a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
        },
        .subresourceRange{
-            .aspectMask = aspect_mask,
+            .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
            .baseMipLevel = base_level,
            .levelCount = 1,
-            .baseArrayLayer = base_layer,
+            .baseArrayLayer = 0,
            .layerCount = 1,
        },
    });
@@ -606,17 +586,12 @@ BlitImageHelper::BlitImageHelper(const Device& device_, Scheduler& scheduler_,
      msaa_copy_pipeline_layout(device.GetLogical().CreatePipelineLayout(PipelineLayoutCreateInfo(
          one_texture_set_layout.address(),
          PUSH_CONSTANT_RANGE<VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, sizeof(MSAACopyPushConstants)>))),
-      msaa_copy_depth_stencil_pipeline_layout(
-          device.GetLogical().CreatePipelineLayout(PipelineLayoutCreateInfo(
-              two_textures_set_layout.address(),
-              PUSH_CONSTANT_RANGE<VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, sizeof(MSAACopyPushConstants)>))),
      full_screen_vert(BuildShader(device, FULL_SCREEN_TRIANGLE_VERT_SPV)),
      blit_color_to_color_frag(BuildShader(device, BLIT_COLOR_FLOAT_FRAG_SPV)),
      blit_color_msaa_frag(BuildShader(device, BLIT_COLOR_MSAA_FRAG_SPV)),
      blit_depth_stencil_frag(device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported()
                             ? BuildShader(device, VULKAN_BLIT_DEPTH_STENCIL_FRAG_SPV)
                             : vk::ShaderModule{}),
-      blit_depth_frag(BuildShader(device, BLIT_DEPTH_FRAG_SPV)),
      blit_depth_msaa_frag(BuildShader(device, BLIT_DEPTH_MSAA_FRAG_SPV)),
      blit_depth_stencil_msaa_frag(device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported()
                             ? BuildShader(device, BLIT_DEPTH_STENCIL_MSAA_FRAG_SPV)
@@ -634,25 +609,7 @@ BlitImageHelper::BlitImageHelper(const Device& device_, Scheduler& scheduler_,
      convert_d24s8_to_abgr8_frag(BuildShader(device, CONVERT_D24S8_TO_ABGR8_FRAG_SPV)),
      convert_s8d24_to_abgr8_frag(BuildShader(device, CONVERT_S8D24_TO_ABGR8_FRAG_SPV)),
      convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_frag(BuildShader(device, CONVERT_MSAA_TO_NON_MSAA_FRAG_SPV)),
-      convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_sint_frag(
-          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_MSAA_TO_NON_MSAA_SINT_FRAG_SPV)),
-      convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_uint_frag(
-          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_MSAA_TO_NON_MSAA_UINT_FRAG_SPV)),
-      convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_frag(
-          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_MSAA_TO_NON_MSAA_DEPTH_FRAG_SPV)),
-      convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_stencil_frag(
-          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_MSAA_TO_NON_MSAA_DEPTH_STENCIL_FRAG_SPV)),
      convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_frag(BuildShader(device, CONVERT_NON_MSAA_TO_MSAA_FRAG_SPV)),
-      convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_sint_frag(
-          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_NON_MSAA_TO_MSAA_SINT_FRAG_SPV)),
-      convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_uint_frag(
-          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_NON_MSAA_TO_MSAA_UINT_FRAG_SPV)),
-      convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_frag(
-          BuildShader(device, CONVERT_NON_MSAA_TO_MSAA_DEPTH_FRAG_SPV)),
-      convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_stencil_frag(
-          device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported()
-              ? BuildShader(device, CONVERT_NON_MSAA_TO_MSAA_DEPTH_STENCIL_FRAG_SPV)
-              : vk::ShaderModule{}),
      linear_sampler(device.GetLogical().CreateSampler(SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO<VK_FILTER_LINEAR>)),
      nearest_sampler(device.GetLogical().CreateSampler(SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO<VK_FILTER_NEAREST>)) {}

@@ -667,13 +624,24 @@ void BlitImageHelper::BlitColor(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, const ImageV
        .renderpass = dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(),
        .operation = operation,
    };
-    VkSampler sampler = *nearest_sampler;
-    if (is_linear) {
-        sampler = *linear_sampler;
-    }
-    BlitImpl(dst_framebuffer, src_image_view, dst_region, src_region,
-             FindOrEmplaceColorPipeline(key), sampler,
-             src_image_view.Handle(Shader::TextureType::Color2D), VK_NULL_HANDLE, false);
+    const VkPipelineLayout layout = *one_texture_pipeline_layout;
+    const VkSampler sampler = is_linear ? *linear_sampler : *nearest_sampler;
+    const VkPipeline pipeline = FindOrEmplaceColorPipeline(key);
+    const VkImageView src_view = src_image_view.Handle(Shader::TextureType::Color2D);
+
+    RecordShaderReadBarrier(scheduler, src_image_view);
+    scheduler.RequestRenderpass(dst_framebuffer);
+    scheduler.Record([this, dst_region, src_region, pipeline, layout, sampler,
+                      src_view](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+        const VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = one_texture_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
+        UpdateOneTextureDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view);
+        cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
+        cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
+                                  nullptr);
+        BindBlitState(cmdbuf, layout, dst_region, src_region);
+        cmdbuf.Draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
+    });
+    scheduler.InvalidateState();
 }

 void BlitImageHelper::BlitColor(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, VkImageView src_image_view,
@@ -702,29 +670,24 @@ void BlitImageHelper::BlitColor(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, VkImageView
    });
 }

-void BlitImageHelper::BlitImpl(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
-                               const ImageView& src_image_view, const Region2D& dst_region,
-                               const Region2D& src_region, VkPipeline pipeline, VkSampler sampler,
-                               VkImageView src_view, VkImageView src_stencil_view,
-                               bool blit_stencil) {
-    VkPipelineLayout layout = *one_texture_pipeline_layout;
-    if (blit_stencil) {
-        layout = *two_textures_pipeline_layout;
-    }
+void BlitImageHelper::BlitColorMSAA(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
+                                    const ImageView& src_image_view, const Region2D& dst_region,
+                                    const Region2D& src_region) {
+    const BlitMSAAPipelineKey key{
+        .renderpass = dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(),
+        .samples = dst_framebuffer->Samples(),
+    };
+    const VkPipelineLayout layout = *one_texture_pipeline_layout;
+    const VkSampler sampler = *nearest_sampler;
+    const VkPipeline pipeline = FindOrEmplaceBlitColorMSAAPipeline(key);
+    const VkImageView src_view = src_image_view.Handle(Shader::TextureType::Color2D);

    RecordShaderReadBarrier(scheduler, src_image_view);
    scheduler.RequestRenderpass(dst_framebuffer);
-    scheduler.Record([this, dst_region, src_region, pipeline, layout, sampler, src_view,
-                      src_stencil_view, blit_stencil](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
-        VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-        if (blit_stencil) {
-            descriptor_set = two_textures_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
-            UpdateTwoTexturesDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view,
-                                           src_stencil_view);
-        } else {
-            descriptor_set = one_texture_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
-            UpdateOneTextureDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view);
-        }
+    scheduler.Record([this, dst_region, src_region, pipeline, layout, sampler,
+                      src_view](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+        const VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = one_texture_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
+        UpdateOneTextureDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view);
        cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
        cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
                                  nullptr);
@@ -734,56 +697,41 @@ void BlitImageHelper::BlitImpl(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
    scheduler.InvalidateState();
 }

-void BlitImageHelper::BlitColorMSAA(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
-                                    const ImageView& src_image_view, const Region2D& dst_region,
-                                    const Region2D& src_region) {
-    const BlitMSAAPipelineKey key{
-        .renderpass = dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(),
-        .samples = dst_framebuffer->Samples(),
-    };
-    BlitImpl(dst_framebuffer, src_image_view, dst_region, src_region,
-             FindOrEmplaceBlitColorMSAAPipeline(key), *nearest_sampler,
-             src_image_view.Handle(Shader::TextureType::Color2D), VK_NULL_HANDLE, false);
-}
-
-void BlitImageHelper::BlitDepthStencilMSAA(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
-                                           ImageView& src_image_view, const Region2D& dst_region,
-                                           const Region2D& src_region) {
-    const bool blit_stencil =
-        dst_framebuffer->HasAspectStencilBit() && device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported();
-    const BlitMSAAPipelineKey key{
-        .renderpass = dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(),
-        .samples = dst_framebuffer->Samples(),
-    };
-    VkImageView src_stencil_view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    if (blit_stencil) {
-        src_stencil_view = src_image_view.StencilView();
-    }
-    BlitImpl(dst_framebuffer, src_image_view, dst_region, src_region,
-             FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthStencilMSAAPipeline(key, blit_stencil), *nearest_sampler,
-             src_image_view.DepthView(), src_stencil_view, blit_stencil);
-}
-
-void BlitImageHelper::BlitDepth(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, ImageView& src_image_view,
-                                const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region) {
-    BlitImpl(dst_framebuffer, src_image_view, dst_region, src_region,
-             FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthPipeline(dst_framebuffer->RenderPass()), *nearest_sampler,
-             src_image_view.DepthView(), VK_NULL_HANDLE, false);
-}
-
 void BlitImageHelper::ResolveDepthStencil(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
                                          ImageView& src_image_view, const Region2D& dst_region,
                                          const Region2D& src_region) {
    const bool resolve_stencil =
        dst_framebuffer->HasAspectStencilBit() && device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported();
-    VkImageView src_stencil_view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    if (resolve_stencil) {
-        src_stencil_view = src_image_view.StencilView();
-    }
-    BlitImpl(dst_framebuffer, src_image_view, dst_region, src_region,
-             FindOrEmplaceResolveDepthStencilPipeline(dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(),
-                                                      resolve_stencil),
-             *nearest_sampler, src_image_view.DepthView(), src_stencil_view, resolve_stencil);
+    const VkPipeline pipeline =
+        FindOrEmplaceResolveDepthStencilPipeline(dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(), resolve_stencil);
+    const VkPipelineLayout layout =
+        resolve_stencil ? *two_textures_pipeline_layout : *one_texture_pipeline_layout;
+    const VkSampler sampler = *nearest_sampler;
+    const VkImageView src_depth_view = src_image_view.DepthView();
+    const VkImageView src_stencil_view =
+        resolve_stencil ? src_image_view.StencilView() : VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    RecordShaderReadBarrier(scheduler, src_image_view);
+    scheduler.RequestRenderpass(dst_framebuffer);
+    scheduler.Record([this, dst_region, src_region, pipeline, layout, sampler, src_depth_view,
+                      src_stencil_view, resolve_stencil](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+        if (resolve_stencil) {
+            const VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = two_textures_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
+            UpdateTwoTexturesDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_depth_view,
+                                           src_stencil_view);
+            cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
+                                      nullptr);
+        } else {
+            const VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = one_texture_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
+            UpdateOneTextureDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_depth_view);
+            cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
+                                      nullptr);
+        }
+        cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
+        BindBlitState(cmdbuf, layout, dst_region, src_region);
+        cmdbuf.Draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
+    });
+    scheduler.InvalidateState();
 }

 void BlitImageHelper::BlitDepthStencil(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
@@ -791,23 +739,35 @@ void BlitImageHelper::BlitDepthStencil(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
                                       const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region,
                                       Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Filter filter,
                                       Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Operation operation) {
+    if (!device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported()) {
+        return;
+    }
    ASSERT(filter == Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Filter::Point);
    ASSERT(operation == Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Operation::SrcCopy);
-    const bool blit_stencil = device.IsExtShaderStencilExportSupported();
    const BlitImagePipelineKey key{
        .renderpass = dst_framebuffer->RenderPass(),
        .operation = operation,
    };
-    VkPipeline pipeline{};
-    VkImageView src_stencil_view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    if (blit_stencil) {
-        pipeline = FindOrEmplaceDepthStencilPipeline(key);
-        src_stencil_view = src_image_view.StencilView();
-    } else {
-        pipeline = FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthPipeline(key.renderpass);
-    }
-    BlitImpl(dst_framebuffer, src_image_view, dst_region, src_region, pipeline, *nearest_sampler,
-             src_image_view.DepthView(), src_stencil_view, blit_stencil);
+    const VkPipelineLayout layout = *two_textures_pipeline_layout;
+    const VkSampler sampler = *nearest_sampler;
+    const VkPipeline pipeline = FindOrEmplaceDepthStencilPipeline(key);
+    const VkImageView src_depth_view = src_image_view.DepthView();
+    const VkImageView src_stencil_view = src_image_view.StencilView();
+
+    RecordShaderReadBarrier(scheduler, src_image_view);
+    scheduler.RequestRenderpass(dst_framebuffer);
+    scheduler.Record([dst_region, src_region, pipeline, layout, sampler, src_depth_view,
+                      src_stencil_view, this](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+        const VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = two_textures_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
+        UpdateTwoTexturesDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_depth_view,
+                                       src_stencil_view);
+        cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
+        cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
+                                  nullptr);
+        BindBlitState(cmdbuf, layout, dst_region, src_region);
+        cmdbuf.Draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
+    });
+    scheduler.InvalidateState();
 }

 void BlitImageHelper::ConvertD32ToR32(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
@@ -922,183 +882,19 @@ void BlitImageHelper::ClearDepthStencil(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, bool
    scheduler.InvalidateState();
 }

-void BlitImageHelper::CopyMSAAImpl(VkRenderPass renderpass, VkPipeline pipeline,
-                                   VkPipelineLayout layout, VkImage dst_image,
-                                   VkFormat dst_vk_format, VkImage src_image,
-                                   VkFormat src_vk_format, s32 scale_x, s32 scale_y,
-                                   std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies,
-                                   const MSAACopyAspectInfo& aspect_info, bool copy_stencil) {
-    while (!msaa_copy_resources.empty() && scheduler.IsFree(msaa_copy_resources.front().tick)) {
-        msaa_copy_resources.pop_front();
-    }
-    const VkSampler sampler = *nearest_sampler;
-    for (const VideoCommon::ImageCopy& copy : copies) {
-        const s32 num_layers = (std::min)(copy.src_subresource.num_layers,
-                                          copy.dst_subresource.num_layers);
-        for (s32 layer = 0; layer < num_layers; ++layer) {
-            const u32 src_level = static_cast<u32>(copy.src_subresource.base_level);
-            const u32 src_layer = static_cast<u32>(copy.src_subresource.base_layer + layer);
-            vk::ImageView src_view =
-                MakeMSAACopyView(device.GetLogical(), src_image, src_vk_format, src_level,
-                                 src_layer, aspect_info.src_view_aspect);
-            vk::ImageView src_stencil_view;
-            if (copy_stencil) {
-                src_stencil_view =
-                    MakeMSAACopyView(device.GetLogical(), src_image, src_vk_format, src_level,
-                                     src_layer, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT);
-            }
-            vk::ImageView dst_view =
-                MakeMSAACopyView(device.GetLogical(), dst_image, dst_vk_format,
-                                 static_cast<u32>(copy.dst_subresource.base_level),
-                                 static_cast<u32>(copy.dst_subresource.base_layer + layer),
-                                 aspect_info.attachment_aspect);
-            const VkOffset2D dst_offset{copy.dst_offset.x, copy.dst_offset.y};
-            const VkExtent2D dst_extent{copy.extent.width, copy.extent.height};
-            const VkRect2D render_area{
-                .offset = dst_offset,
-                .extent = dst_extent,
-            };
-            vk::Framebuffer framebuffer = device.GetLogical().CreateFramebuffer(VkFramebufferCreateInfo{
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
-                .pNext = nullptr,
-                .flags = 0,
-                .renderPass = renderpass,
-                .attachmentCount = 1,
-                .pAttachments = dst_view.address(),
-                .width = static_cast<u32>(dst_offset.x) + dst_extent.width,
-                .height = static_cast<u32>(dst_offset.y) + dst_extent.height,
-                .layers = 1,
-            });
-            const MSAACopyPushConstants push_constants{
-                .dst_offset = {dst_offset.x, dst_offset.y},
-                .src_offset = {copy.src_offset.x, copy.src_offset.y},
-                .scale = {scale_x, scale_y},
-            };
-            VkImageView src_stencil_handle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-            if (copy_stencil) {
-                src_stencil_handle = *src_stencil_view;
-            }
-            scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-            scheduler.Record([this, pipeline, layout, sampler, renderpass,
-                              framebuffer_handle = *framebuffer, src_view_handle = *src_view,
-                              src_stencil_handle, src = src_image, dst = dst_image, render_area,
-                              aspect_info, push_constants](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
-                const VkImageSubresourceRange barrier_range{
-                    .aspectMask = aspect_info.barrier_aspect,
-                    .baseMipLevel = 0,
-                    .levelCount = VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS,
-                    .baseArrayLayer = 0,
-                    .layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
-                };
-                const std::array pre_barriers{
-                    VkImageMemoryBarrier{
-                        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
-                        .pNext = nullptr,
-                        .srcAccessMask = aspect_info.pre_src_access,
-                        .dstAccessMask = aspect_info.pre_src_dst_access,
-                        .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-                        .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-                        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-                        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-                        .image = src,
-                        .subresourceRange = barrier_range,
-                    },
-                    VkImageMemoryBarrier{
-                        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
-                        .pNext = nullptr,
-                        .srcAccessMask = aspect_info.pre_src_access,
-                        .dstAccessMask = aspect_info.pre_dst_dst_access,
-                        .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-                        .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-                        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-                        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-                        .image = dst,
-                        .subresourceRange = barrier_range,
-                    },
-                };
-                cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(aspect_info.pre_src_stages, aspect_info.pre_dst_stages, 0,
-                                       nullptr, nullptr, pre_barriers);
-                const VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderpass_bi{
-                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
-                    .pNext = nullptr,
-                    .renderPass = renderpass,
-                    .framebuffer = framebuffer_handle,
-                    .renderArea = render_area,
-                    .clearValueCount = 0,
-                    .pClearValues = nullptr,
-                };
-                cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(renderpass_bi, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
-                VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-                if (src_stencil_handle != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-                    descriptor_set = two_textures_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
-                    UpdateTwoTexturesDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view_handle,
-                                                   src_stencil_handle);
-                } else {
-                    descriptor_set = one_texture_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
-                    UpdateOneTextureDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view_handle);
-                }
-                cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
-                cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
-                                          nullptr);
-                const VkViewport viewport{
-                    .x = static_cast<float>(render_area.offset.x),
-                    .y = static_cast<float>(render_area.offset.y),
-                    .width = static_cast<float>(render_area.extent.width),
-                    .height = static_cast<float>(render_area.extent.height),
-                    .minDepth = 0.0f,
-                    .maxDepth = 1.0f,
-                };
-                cmdbuf.SetViewport(0, viewport);
-                cmdbuf.SetScissor(0, render_area);
-                cmdbuf.PushConstants(layout, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, push_constants);
-                cmdbuf.Draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
-                cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
-                const VkImageMemoryBarrier post_barrier{
-                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
-                    .pNext = nullptr,
-                    .srcAccessMask = aspect_info.post_src_access,
-                    .dstAccessMask = aspect_info.post_dst_access,
-                    .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-                    .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-                    .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-                    .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
-                    .image = dst,
-                    .subresourceRange = barrier_range,
-                };
-                cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(aspect_info.post_src_stages, aspect_info.post_dst_stages, 0,
-                                       post_barrier);
-            });
-            msaa_copy_resources.push_back(MSAACopyResources{
-                .tick = scheduler.CurrentTick(),
-                .src_view = std::move(src_view),
-                .dst_view = std::move(dst_view),
-                .framebuffer = std::move(framebuffer),
-            });
-            if (copy_stencil) {
-                msaa_copy_resources.push_back(MSAACopyResources{
-                    .tick = scheduler.CurrentTick(),
-                    .src_view = std::move(src_stencil_view),
-                    .dst_view = vk::ImageView{},
-                    .framebuffer = vk::Framebuffer{},
-                });
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    scheduler.InvalidateState();
-}
-
 void BlitImageHelper::CopyMSAA(RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache, VkImage dst_image,
                               VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat dst_format, VkImage src_image,
                               VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat src_format, u32 num_samples,
                               std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies,
                               bool msaa_to_non_msaa) {
+    while (!msaa_copy_resources.empty() && scheduler.IsFree(msaa_copy_resources.front().tick)) {
+        msaa_copy_resources.pop_front();
+    }
    const auto [samples_x, samples_y] = VideoCommon::SamplesLog2(static_cast<int>(num_samples));
    const s32 scale_x = 1 << samples_x;
    const s32 scale_y = 1 << samples_y;
-    VkSampleCountFlagBits samples = SampleCountFlag(num_samples);
-    if (msaa_to_non_msaa) {
-        samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-    }
+    const VkSampleCountFlagBits samples =
+        msaa_to_non_msaa ? VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT : SampleCountFlag(num_samples);
    RenderPassKey renderpass_key{};
    renderpass_key.color_formats.fill(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat::Invalid);
    renderpass_key.color_formats[0] = dst_format;
@@ -1109,35 +905,149 @@ void BlitImageHelper::CopyMSAA(RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache, VkImage dst_i
        .renderpass = renderpass,
        .samples = samples,
        .msaa_to_non_msaa = msaa_to_non_msaa,
-        .format_class = FormatClass(dst_format),
-    };
-    const MSAACopyAspectInfo aspect_info{
-        .src_view_aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
-        .attachment_aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
-        .barrier_aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
-        .pre_src_access = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT |
-                          VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
-        .pre_src_dst_access = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
-        .pre_dst_dst_access =
-            VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
-        .pre_src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT |
-                          VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT |
-                          VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
-        .pre_dst_stages =
-            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
-        .post_src_access = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
-        .post_dst_access = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
-        .post_src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
-        .post_dst_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
-                           VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
    };
+    const VkPipeline pipeline = FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyPipeline(key);
+    const VkPipelineLayout layout = *msaa_copy_pipeline_layout;
+    const VkSampler sampler = *nearest_sampler;
    const VkFormat src_vk_format =
        MaxwellToVK::SurfaceFormat(device, FormatType::Optimal, true, src_format).format;
    const VkFormat dst_vk_format =
        MaxwellToVK::SurfaceFormat(device, FormatType::Optimal, true, dst_format).format;
-    CopyMSAAImpl(renderpass, FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyPipeline(key), *msaa_copy_pipeline_layout,
-                 dst_image, dst_vk_format, src_image, src_vk_format, scale_x, scale_y, copies,
-                 aspect_info, false);
+    for (const VideoCommon::ImageCopy& copy : copies) {
+        ASSERT(copy.src_subresource.base_layer == 0);
+        ASSERT(copy.src_subresource.num_layers == 1);
+        ASSERT(copy.dst_subresource.base_layer == 0);
+        ASSERT(copy.dst_subresource.num_layers == 1);
+        vk::ImageView src_view =
+            MakeMSAACopyView(device.GetLogical(), src_image, src_vk_format,
+                             static_cast<u32>(copy.src_subresource.base_level));
+        vk::ImageView dst_view =
+            MakeMSAACopyView(device.GetLogical(), dst_image, dst_vk_format,
+                             static_cast<u32>(copy.dst_subresource.base_level));
+        const VkOffset2D dst_offset{copy.dst_offset.x, copy.dst_offset.y};
+        const VkExtent2D dst_extent{copy.extent.width, copy.extent.height};
+        const VkRect2D render_area{
+            .offset = dst_offset,
+            .extent = dst_extent,
+        };
+        vk::Framebuffer framebuffer = device.GetLogical().CreateFramebuffer(VkFramebufferCreateInfo{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+            .pNext = nullptr,
+            .flags = 0,
+            .renderPass = renderpass,
+            .attachmentCount = 1,
+            .pAttachments = dst_view.address(),
+            .width = static_cast<u32>(dst_offset.x) + dst_extent.width,
+            .height = static_cast<u32>(dst_offset.y) + dst_extent.height,
+            .layers = 1,
+        });
+        const MSAACopyPushConstants push_constants{
+            .dst_offset = {dst_offset.x, dst_offset.y},
+            .src_offset = {copy.src_offset.x, copy.src_offset.y},
+            .scale = {scale_x, scale_y},
+        };
+        scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
+        scheduler.Record([this, pipeline, layout, sampler, renderpass,
+                          framebuffer_handle = *framebuffer, src_view_handle = *src_view,
+                          src = src_image, dst = dst_image, render_area,
+                          push_constants](vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) {
+            constexpr VkImageSubresourceRange color_range{
+                .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+                .baseMipLevel = 0,
+                .levelCount = VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS,
+                .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+                .layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS,
+            };
+            const std::array pre_barriers{
+                VkImageMemoryBarrier{
+                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+                    .pNext = nullptr,
+                    .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
+                                     VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
+                    .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
+                    .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+                    .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+                    .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                    .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                    .image = src,
+                    .subresourceRange = color_range,
+                },
+                VkImageMemoryBarrier{
+                    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+                    .pNext = nullptr,
+                    .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
+                                     VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
+                    .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT |
+                                     VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+                    .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+                    .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+                    .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                    .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                    .image = dst,
+                    .subresourceRange = color_range,
+                },
+            };
+            cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT |
+                                       VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT |
+                                       VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
+                                       VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
+                                   VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
+                                       VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+                                   0, nullptr, nullptr, pre_barriers);
+            const VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderpass_bi{
+                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
+                .pNext = nullptr,
+                .renderPass = renderpass,
+                .framebuffer = framebuffer_handle,
+                .renderArea = render_area,
+                .clearValueCount = 0,
+                .pClearValues = nullptr,
+            };
+            cmdbuf.BeginRenderPass(renderpass_bi, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
+            const VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set = one_texture_descriptor_allocator.Commit();
+            UpdateOneTextureDescriptorSet(device, descriptor_set, sampler, src_view_handle);
+            cmdbuf.BindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline);
+            cmdbuf.BindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, layout, 0, descriptor_set,
+                                      nullptr);
+            const VkViewport viewport{
+                .x = static_cast<float>(render_area.offset.x),
+                .y = static_cast<float>(render_area.offset.y),
+                .width = static_cast<float>(render_area.extent.width),
+                .height = static_cast<float>(render_area.extent.height),
+                .minDepth = 0.0f,
+                .maxDepth = 1.0f,
+            };
+            cmdbuf.SetViewport(0, viewport);
+            cmdbuf.SetScissor(0, render_area);
+            cmdbuf.PushConstants(layout, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, push_constants);
+            cmdbuf.Draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
+            cmdbuf.EndRenderPass();
+            const VkImageMemoryBarrier post_barrier{
+                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+                .pNext = nullptr,
+                .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+                .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT,
+                .oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+                .newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
+                .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+                .image = dst,
+                .subresourceRange = color_range,
+            };
+            cmdbuf.PipelineBarrier(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+                                   VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT |
+                                       VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT |
+                                       VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
+                                   0, post_barrier);
+        });
+        msaa_copy_resources.push_back(MSAACopyResources{
+            .tick = scheduler.CurrentTick(),
+            .src_view = std::move(src_view),
+            .dst_view = std::move(dst_view),
+            .framebuffer = std::move(framebuffer),
+        });
+    }
+    scheduler.InvalidateState();
 }

 void BlitImageHelper::Convert(VkPipeline pipeline, const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
@@ -1469,87 +1379,6 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceBlitColorMSAAPipeline(const BlitMSAAPip
    return *blit_msaa_color_pipelines.back();
 }

-VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthStencilMSAAPipeline(
-    const BlitMSAAPipelineKey& key, bool blit_stencil) {
-    auto& keys = blit_stencil ? blit_msaa_depth_stencil_keys : blit_msaa_depth_keys;
-    auto& pipelines = blit_stencil ? blit_msaa_depth_stencil_pipelines : blit_msaa_depth_pipelines;
-    const auto it = std::ranges::find(keys, key);
-    if (it != keys.end()) {
-        return *pipelines[std::distance(keys.begin(), it)];
-    }
-    keys.push_back(key);
-    const std::array stages =
-        MakeStages(*full_screen_vert,
-                   blit_stencil ? *blit_depth_stencil_msaa_frag : *blit_depth_msaa_frag);
-    const VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample_ci{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pNext = nullptr,
-        .flags = 0,
-        .rasterizationSamples = key.samples,
-        .sampleShadingEnable = VK_TRUE,
-        .minSampleShading = 1.0f,
-        .pSampleMask = nullptr,
-        .alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE,
-        .alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE,
-    };
-    const VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo input_assembly_ci = GetPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(device);
-    pipelines.push_back(device.GetLogical().CreateGraphicsPipeline({
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pNext = nullptr,
-        .flags = 0,
-        .stageCount = static_cast<u32>(stages.size()),
-        .pStages = stages.data(),
-        .pVertexInputState = &PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly_ci,
-        .pTessellationState = nullptr,
-        .pViewportState = &PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pRasterizationState = &PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pMultisampleState = &multisample_ci,
-        .pDepthStencilState = blit_stencil ? &PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO
-                                           : &PIPELINE_DEPTH_ONLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pColorBlendState = &PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_EMPTY_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pDynamicState = &PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .layout = blit_stencil ? *two_textures_pipeline_layout : *one_texture_pipeline_layout,
-        .renderPass = key.renderpass,
-        .subpass = 0,
-        .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
-        .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }));
-    return *pipelines.back();
-}
-
-VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthPipeline(VkRenderPass renderpass) {
-    const auto it = std::ranges::find(blit_depth_keys, renderpass);
-    if (it != blit_depth_keys.end()) {
-        return *blit_depth_pipelines[std::distance(blit_depth_keys.begin(), it)];
-    }
-    blit_depth_keys.push_back(renderpass);
-    const std::array stages = MakeStages(*full_screen_vert, *blit_depth_frag);
-    const VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo input_assembly_ci = GetPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(device);
-    blit_depth_pipelines.push_back(device.GetLogical().CreateGraphicsPipeline({
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pNext = nullptr,
-        .flags = 0,
-        .stageCount = static_cast<u32>(stages.size()),
-        .pStages = stages.data(),
-        .pVertexInputState = &PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly_ci,
-        .pTessellationState = nullptr,
-        .pViewportState = &PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pRasterizationState = &PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pMultisampleState = &PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pDepthStencilState = &PIPELINE_DEPTH_ONLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pColorBlendState = &PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_EMPTY_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pDynamicState = &PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .layout = *one_texture_pipeline_layout,
-        .renderPass = renderpass,
-        .subpass = 0,
-        .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
-        .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }));
-    return *blit_depth_pipelines.back();
-}
-
 VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceResolveDepthStencilPipeline(VkRenderPass renderpass,
                                                                     bool resolve_stencil) {
    auto& keys = resolve_stencil ? resolve_depth_stencil_keys : resolve_depth_keys;
@@ -1588,83 +1417,15 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceResolveDepthStencilPipeline(VkRenderPas
    return *pipelines.back();
 }

-void BlitImageHelper::CopyMSAADepth(RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache, VkImage dst_image,
-                                    VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat dst_format, VkImage src_image,
-                                    VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat src_format, u32 num_samples,
-                                    std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies,
-                                    bool copy_stencil, bool msaa_to_non_msaa) {
-    const auto [samples_x, samples_y] = VideoCommon::SamplesLog2(static_cast<int>(num_samples));
-    const s32 scale_x = 1 << samples_x;
-    const s32 scale_y = 1 << samples_y;
-    VkSampleCountFlagBits samples = SampleCountFlag(num_samples);
-    if (msaa_to_non_msaa) {
-        samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
-    }
-    RenderPassKey renderpass_key{};
-    renderpass_key.color_formats.fill(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat::Invalid);
-    renderpass_key.depth_format = dst_format;
-    renderpass_key.samples = samples;
-    const VkRenderPass renderpass = render_pass_cache.Get(renderpass_key);
-    const MSAACopyPipelineKey key{
-        .renderpass = renderpass,
-        .samples = samples,
-        .msaa_to_non_msaa = msaa_to_non_msaa,
-        .format_class = MSAACopyFormatClass::Float,
-    };
-    VkImageAspectFlags attachment_aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
-    if (VideoCore::Surface::GetFormatType(dst_format) ==
-        VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceType::DepthStencil) {
-        attachment_aspect |= VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT;
-    }
-    VkPipelineLayout layout = *msaa_copy_pipeline_layout;
-    if (copy_stencil) {
-        layout = *msaa_copy_depth_stencil_pipeline_layout;
-    }
-    const MSAACopyAspectInfo aspect_info{
-        .src_view_aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT,
-        .attachment_aspect = attachment_aspect,
-        .barrier_aspect = attachment_aspect,
-        .pre_src_access =
-            VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT,
-        .pre_src_dst_access = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
-        .pre_dst_dst_access = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT |
-                              VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
-        .pre_src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT |
-                          VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT |
-                          VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
-        .pre_dst_stages =
-            VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
-        .post_src_access = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
-        .post_dst_access = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT |
-                           VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT,
-        .post_src_stages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
-        .post_dst_stages = vk::PIPELINE_STAGE_GRAPHICS_COMPUTE_TRANSFER,
-    };
-    const VkFormat src_vk_format =
-        MaxwellToVK::SurfaceFormat(device, FormatType::Optimal, true, src_format).format;
-    const VkFormat dst_vk_format =
-        MaxwellToVK::SurfaceFormat(device, FormatType::Optimal, true, dst_format).format;
-    CopyMSAAImpl(renderpass, FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyDepthPipeline(key, copy_stencil), layout,
-                 dst_image, dst_vk_format, src_image, src_vk_format, scale_x, scale_y, copies,
-                 aspect_info, copy_stencil);
-}
-
 VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyPipeline(const MSAACopyPipelineKey& key) {
    const auto it = std::ranges::find(msaa_copy_keys, key);
    if (it != msaa_copy_keys.end()) {
        return *msaa_copy_pipelines[std::distance(msaa_copy_keys.begin(), it)];
    }
    msaa_copy_keys.push_back(key);
-    VkShaderModule frag_module = key.msaa_to_non_msaa ? *convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_frag
-                                                     : *convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_frag;
-    if (key.format_class == MSAACopyFormatClass::SignedInteger) {
-        frag_module = key.msaa_to_non_msaa ? *convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_sint_frag
-                                           : *convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_sint_frag;
-    } else if (key.format_class == MSAACopyFormatClass::UnsignedInteger) {
-        frag_module = key.msaa_to_non_msaa ? *convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_uint_frag
-                                           : *convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_uint_frag;
-    }
-    const std::array stages = MakeStages(*clear_color_vert, frag_module);
+    const std::array stages = MakeStages(*clear_color_vert, key.msaa_to_non_msaa
+                                                                ? *convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_frag
+                                                                : *convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_frag);
    const VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample_ci{
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext = nullptr,
@@ -1701,85 +1462,6 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyPipeline(const MSAACopyPipeline
    return *msaa_copy_pipelines.back();
 }

-VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyDepthPipeline(const MSAACopyPipelineKey& key,
-                                                               bool copy_stencil) {
-    auto& keys = copy_stencil ? msaa_copy_depth_stencil_keys : msaa_copy_depth_keys;
-    auto& pipelines = copy_stencil ? msaa_copy_depth_stencil_pipelines : msaa_copy_depth_pipelines;
-    const auto it = std::ranges::find(keys, key);
-    if (it != keys.end()) {
-        return *pipelines[std::distance(keys.begin(), it)];
-    }
-    keys.push_back(key);
-    VkShaderModule frag_module;
-    if (key.msaa_to_non_msaa) {
-        frag_module = copy_stencil ? *convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_stencil_frag
-                                   : *convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_frag;
-    } else {
-        frag_module = copy_stencil ? *convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_stencil_frag
-                                   : *convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_frag;
-    }
-    const std::array stages = MakeStages(*clear_color_vert, frag_module);
-    const VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample_ci{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pNext = nullptr,
-        .flags = 0,
-        .rasterizationSamples = key.samples,
-        .sampleShadingEnable = key.msaa_to_non_msaa ? VK_FALSE : VK_TRUE,
-        .minSampleShading = key.msaa_to_non_msaa ? 0.0f : 1.0f,
-        .pSampleMask = nullptr,
-        .alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE,
-        .alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE,
-    };
-    static constexpr VkStencilOpState REPLACE_STENCIL_OP{
-        .failOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_REPLACE,
-        .passOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_REPLACE,
-        .depthFailOp = VK_STENCIL_OP_REPLACE,
-        .compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS,
-        .compareMask = 0xFF,
-        .writeMask = 0xFF,
-        .reference = 0,
-    };
-    const VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depth_stencil_ci{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pNext = nullptr,
-        .flags = 0,
-        .depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE,
-        .depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE,
-        .depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS,
-        .depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE,
-        .stencilTestEnable = copy_stencil ? VK_TRUE : VK_FALSE,
-        .front = copy_stencil ? REPLACE_STENCIL_OP : VkStencilOpState{},
-        .back = copy_stencil ? REPLACE_STENCIL_OP : VkStencilOpState{},
-        .minDepthBounds = 0.0f,
-        .maxDepthBounds = 0.0f,
-    };
-    const VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo input_assembly_ci =
-        GetPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo(device);
-    pipelines.push_back(device.GetLogical().CreateGraphicsPipeline({
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pNext = nullptr,
-        .flags = 0,
-        .stageCount = static_cast<u32>(stages.size()),
-        .pStages = stages.data(),
-        .pVertexInputState = &PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly_ci,
-        .pTessellationState = nullptr,
-        .pViewportState = &PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pRasterizationState = &PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pMultisampleState = &multisample_ci,
-        .pDepthStencilState = &depth_stencil_ci,
-        .pColorBlendState = &PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_EMPTY_CREATE_INFO,
-        .pDynamicState = &PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
-        .layout = copy_stencil ? *msaa_copy_depth_stencil_pipeline_layout
-                               : *msaa_copy_pipeline_layout,
-        .renderPass = key.renderpass,
-        .subpass = 0,
-        .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
-        .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }));
-    return *pipelines.back();
-}
-
 void BlitImageHelper::ConvertDepthToColorPipeline(vk::Pipeline& pipeline, VkRenderPass renderpass) {
    ConvertPipeline(pipeline, renderpass, false);
 }
@@ -45,19 +45,12 @@ struct BlitDepthStencilPipelineKey {
    u32 stencil_ref;
 };

-enum class MSAACopyFormatClass : u32 {
-    Float,
-    SignedInteger,
-    UnsignedInteger,
-};
-
 struct MSAACopyPipelineKey {
    constexpr auto operator<=>(const MSAACopyPipelineKey&) const noexcept = default;

    VkRenderPass renderpass;
    VkSampleCountFlagBits samples;
    bool msaa_to_non_msaa;
-    MSAACopyFormatClass format_class;
 };

 struct BlitMSAAPipelineKey {
@@ -85,12 +78,6 @@ public:
    void BlitColorMSAA(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, const ImageView& src_image_view,
                       const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region);

-    void BlitDepthStencilMSAA(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, ImageView& src_image_view,
-                              const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region);
-
-    void BlitDepth(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, ImageView& src_image_view,
-                   const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region);
-
    void ResolveDepthStencil(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, ImageView& src_image_view,
                             const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region);

@@ -129,39 +116,7 @@ public:
                  VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat src_format, u32 num_samples,
                  std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies, bool msaa_to_non_msaa);

-    void CopyMSAADepth(RenderPassCache& render_pass_cache, VkImage dst_image,
-                       VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat dst_format, VkImage src_image,
-                       VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat src_format, u32 num_samples,
-                       std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies, bool copy_stencil,
-                       bool msaa_to_non_msaa);
-
 private:
-    struct MSAACopyAspectInfo {
-        VkImageAspectFlags src_view_aspect;
-        VkImageAspectFlags attachment_aspect;
-        VkImageAspectFlags barrier_aspect;
-        VkAccessFlags pre_src_access;
-        VkAccessFlags pre_src_dst_access;
-        VkAccessFlags pre_dst_dst_access;
-        VkPipelineStageFlags pre_src_stages;
-        VkPipelineStageFlags pre_dst_stages;
-        VkAccessFlags post_src_access;
-        VkAccessFlags post_dst_access;
-        VkPipelineStageFlags post_src_stages;
-        VkPipelineStageFlags post_dst_stages;
-    };
-
-    void BlitImpl(const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, const ImageView& src_image_view,
-                  const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region, VkPipeline pipeline,
-                  VkSampler sampler, VkImageView src_view, VkImageView src_stencil_view,
-                  bool blit_stencil);
-
-    void CopyMSAAImpl(VkRenderPass renderpass, VkPipeline pipeline, VkPipelineLayout layout,
-                      VkImage dst_image, VkFormat dst_vk_format, VkImage src_image,
-                      VkFormat src_vk_format, s32 scale_x, s32 scale_y,
-                      std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies,
-                      const MSAACopyAspectInfo& aspect_info, bool copy_stencil);
-
    void Convert(VkPipeline pipeline, const Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer,
                 const ImageView& src_image_view);

@@ -176,13 +131,7 @@ private:
    [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceClearStencilPipeline(
        const BlitDepthStencilPipelineKey& key);
    [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyPipeline(const MSAACopyPipelineKey& key);
-
-    [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyDepthPipeline(const MSAACopyPipelineKey& key,
-                                                                bool copy_stencil);
    [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceBlitColorMSAAPipeline(const BlitMSAAPipelineKey& key);
-    [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthStencilMSAAPipeline(
-        const BlitMSAAPipelineKey& key, bool blit_stencil);
-    [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceBlitDepthPipeline(VkRenderPass renderpass);
    [[nodiscard]] VkPipeline FindOrEmplaceResolveDepthStencilPipeline(VkRenderPass renderpass,
                                                                      bool resolve_stencil);

@@ -213,12 +162,10 @@ private:
    vk::PipelineLayout two_textures_pipeline_layout;
    vk::PipelineLayout clear_color_pipeline_layout;
    vk::PipelineLayout msaa_copy_pipeline_layout;
-    vk::PipelineLayout msaa_copy_depth_stencil_pipeline_layout;
    vk::ShaderModule full_screen_vert;
    vk::ShaderModule blit_color_to_color_frag;
    vk::ShaderModule blit_color_msaa_frag;
    vk::ShaderModule blit_depth_stencil_frag;
-    vk::ShaderModule blit_depth_frag;
    vk::ShaderModule blit_depth_msaa_frag;
    vk::ShaderModule blit_depth_stencil_msaa_frag;
    vk::ShaderModule clear_color_vert;
@@ -232,15 +179,7 @@ private:
    vk::ShaderModule convert_d24s8_to_abgr8_frag;
    vk::ShaderModule convert_s8d24_to_abgr8_frag;
    vk::ShaderModule convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_frag;
-    vk::ShaderModule convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_sint_frag;
-    vk::ShaderModule convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_uint_frag;
-    vk::ShaderModule convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_frag;
-    vk::ShaderModule convert_msaa_to_non_msaa_depth_stencil_frag;
    vk::ShaderModule convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_frag;
-    vk::ShaderModule convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_sint_frag;
-    vk::ShaderModule convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_uint_frag;
-    vk::ShaderModule convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_frag;
-    vk::ShaderModule convert_non_msaa_to_msaa_depth_stencil_frag;
    vk::Sampler linear_sampler;
    vk::Sampler nearest_sampler;

@@ -254,18 +193,8 @@ private:
    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> clear_stencil_pipelines;
    std::vector<MSAACopyPipelineKey> msaa_copy_keys;
    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> msaa_copy_pipelines;
-    std::vector<MSAACopyPipelineKey> msaa_copy_depth_keys;
-    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> msaa_copy_depth_pipelines;
-    std::vector<MSAACopyPipelineKey> msaa_copy_depth_stencil_keys;
-    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> msaa_copy_depth_stencil_pipelines;
    std::vector<BlitMSAAPipelineKey> blit_msaa_color_keys;
    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> blit_msaa_color_pipelines;
-    std::vector<VkRenderPass> blit_depth_keys;
-    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> blit_depth_pipelines;
-    std::vector<BlitMSAAPipelineKey> blit_msaa_depth_keys;
-    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> blit_msaa_depth_pipelines;
-    std::vector<BlitMSAAPipelineKey> blit_msaa_depth_stencil_keys;
-    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> blit_msaa_depth_stencil_pipelines;
    std::vector<VkRenderPass> resolve_depth_keys;
    std::vector<vk::Pipeline> resolve_depth_pipelines;
    std::vector<VkRenderPass> resolve_depth_stencil_keys;
@@ -292,8 +292,11 @@ void RendererVulkan::RenderScreenshot(std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig>
        return;
    }

+    const auto screenshot_layers = Tegra::FilterLayerStack(
+        framebuffers, renderer_settings.screenshot_layer_stack, screenshot_layer_scratch);
+
    const auto& layout{renderer_settings.screenshot_framebuffer_layout};
-    const auto dst_buffer = RenderToBuffer(framebuffers, layout, VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM,
+    const auto dst_buffer = RenderToBuffer(screenshot_layers, layout, VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM,
                                           layout.width * layout.height * 4);

    std::memcpy(renderer_settings.screenshot_bits, dst_buffer.Mapped().data(),
@@ -332,6 +335,12 @@ std::vector<u8> RendererVulkan::GetAppletCaptureBuffer() {

 void RendererVulkan::RenderAppletCaptureLayer(
    std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig> framebuffers) {
+    const auto capture_layers = Tegra::FilterLayerStack(
+        framebuffers, Service::Nvnflinger::LayerStackId::LastFrame, applet_capture_layers);
+
+    if (capture_layers.empty())
+        return;
+
    if (!applet_frame.image) {
        applet_frame.image = CreateWrappedImage(memory_allocator, CaptureImageSize, CaptureFormat);
        applet_frame.image_view = CreateWrappedImageView(device, applet_frame.image, CaptureFormat);
@@ -340,7 +349,7 @@ void RendererVulkan::RenderAppletCaptureLayer(
    }

    scheduler.RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
-    blit_applet.DrawToFrame(device, rasterizer, &applet_frame, framebuffers, VideoCore::Capture::Layout, 1,
+    blit_applet.DrawToFrame(device, rasterizer, &applet_frame, capture_layers, VideoCore::Capture::Layout, 1,
                            CaptureFormat);
 }

@@ -75,6 +75,9 @@ private:
    void RenderScreenshot(std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig> framebuffers);
    void RenderAppletCaptureLayer(std::span<const Tegra::FramebufferConfig> framebuffers);

+    std::vector<Tegra::FramebufferConfig> applet_capture_layers;
+    std::vector<Tegra::FramebufferConfig> screenshot_layer_scratch;
+
    Tegra::MaxwellDeviceMemoryManager& device_memory;
    Tegra::GPU& gpu;

@@ -589,6 +589,14 @@ void PipelineCache::LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, std::stop_token stop_loading
    if (title_id == 0) {
        return;
    }
+    if (!pipeline_cache_filename.empty()) {
+        serialization_thread.WaitForRequests();
+        if (use_vulkan_pipeline_cache && !vulkan_pipeline_cache_filename.empty()) {
+            SerializeVulkanPipelineCache(vulkan_pipeline_cache_filename, vulkan_pipeline_cache,
+                                         CACHE_VERSION);
+        }
+    }
+
    const auto shader_dir{Common::FS::GetEdenPath(Common::FS::EdenPath::ShaderDir)};
    const auto base_dir{shader_dir / fmt::format("{:016x}", title_id)};
    if (!Common::FS::CreateDir(shader_dir) || !Common::FS::CreateDir(base_dir)) {
@@ -424,12 +424,24 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::Clear(u32 layer_count) {
    const bool ds_deferrable =
        !ds_used || ((!framebuffer->HasAspectDepthBit() || use_depth) &&
                     (!framebuffer->HasAspectStencilBit() || use_stencil) && !stencil_partial);
+    const bool can_defer_clear = ENABLE_DEFERRED_CLEAR && !regs.clear_control.use_scissor &&
+                                 regs.clear_surface.layer == 0 &&
+                                 !scheduler.IsRenderPassActive() &&
+                                 (!use_color || color_full_channels) && ds_deferrable;
+    if (!can_defer_clear) {
+        scheduler.RequestRenderpass(framebuffer);
+    }
+
+    query_cache.NotifySegment(true);
+    query_cache.CounterEnable(VideoCommon::QueryType::ZPassPixelCount64, maxwell3d->regs.zpass_pixel_count_enable);
    u32 up_scale = 1;
    u32 down_shift = 0;
    if (texture_cache.IsRescaling()) {
        up_scale = Settings::values.resolution_info.up_scale;
        down_shift = Settings::values.resolution_info.down_shift;
    }
+    UpdateViewportsState(regs);
+
    VkRect2D default_scissor{};
    default_scissor.offset.x = 0;
    default_scissor.offset.y = 0;
@@ -485,22 +497,6 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::Clear(u32 layer_count) {
        return;
    }

-    const bool clear_covers_render_area =
-        clear_rect.rect.offset.x == 0 && clear_rect.rect.offset.y == 0 &&
-        clear_rect.rect.extent.width >= render_area.width &&
-        clear_rect.rect.extent.height >= render_area.height;
-    const bool can_defer_clear = ENABLE_DEFERRED_CLEAR && (!regs.clear_control.use_scissor || clear_covers_render_area) &&
-                                 regs.clear_surface.layer == 0 &&
-                                 !scheduler.IsRenderPassActive() &&
-                                 (!use_color || color_full_channels) && ds_deferrable;
-    if (!can_defer_clear) {
-        scheduler.RequestRenderpass(framebuffer);
-    }
-
-    query_cache.NotifySegment(true);
-    query_cache.CounterEnable(VideoCommon::QueryType::ZPassPixelCount64, maxwell3d->regs.zpass_pixel_count_enable);
-    UpdateViewportsState(regs);
-
    const u32 color_attachment = regs.clear_surface.RT;
    if (use_color && framebuffer->HasAspectColorBit(color_attachment)) {
        const auto format = VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat(regs.rt[color_attachment].format);
@@ -65,72 +65,8 @@ using VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceType;
                .finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
            };
        }
-
-        struct ResolveAspects {
-            bool depth;
-            bool stencil;
-        };
-
-        struct ResolveModes {
-            VkResolveModeFlagBits depth;
-            VkResolveModeFlagBits stencil;
-        };
-
-        constexpr ResolveAspects GetResolveAspects(PixelFormat format) {
-            const SurfaceType surface_type = GetSurfaceType(format);
-            return ResolveAspects{
-                .depth = surface_type == SurfaceType::Depth ||
-                         surface_type == SurfaceType::DepthStencil,
-                .stencil = surface_type == SurfaceType::Stencil ||
-                           surface_type == SurfaceType::DepthStencil,
-            };
-        }
-
-        ResolveModes PickResolveModes(const Device& device, PixelFormat format) {
-            constexpr VkResolveModeFlagBits mode = VK_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_ZERO_BIT;
-
-            const ResolveAspects aspects = GetResolveAspects(format);
-            const bool depth_mode_supported = (device.GetDepthResolveModes() & mode) != 0;
-            const bool stencil_mode_supported = (device.GetStencilResolveModes() & mode) != 0;
-
-            ResolveModes modes{
-                .depth = VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE,
-                .stencil = VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE,
-            };
-            if (aspects.depth && depth_mode_supported) {
-                modes.depth = mode;
-            }
-            if (aspects.stencil && stencil_mode_supported) {
-                modes.stencil = mode;
-            }
-            if (modes.depth == modes.stencil || device.SupportsIndependentResolveNone()) {
-                return modes;
-            }
-            if (modes.depth != VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE && stencil_mode_supported) {
-                modes.stencil = mode;
-            } else if (modes.stencil != VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE && depth_mode_supported) {
-                modes.depth = mode;
-            }
-            return modes;
-        }
    } // Anonymous namespace

-bool SupportsDepthStencilResolve(const Device& device, PixelFormat depth_format) {
-    if (depth_format == PixelFormat::Invalid || !device.IsKhrDepthStencilResolveSupported()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    const ResolveAspects aspects = GetResolveAspects(depth_format);
-    if (!aspects.depth && !aspects.stencil) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    const ResolveModes modes = PickResolveModes(device, depth_format);
-    if ((aspects.depth && modes.depth == VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE) ||
-        (aspects.stencil && modes.stencil == VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    return modes.depth == modes.stencil || device.SupportsIndependentResolveNone();
-}
-
 RenderPassCache::RenderPassCache(const Device& device_) : device{&device_} {}

 VkRenderPass RenderPassCache::Get(const RenderPassKey& key) {
@@ -139,9 +75,7 @@ VkRenderPass RenderPassCache::Get(const RenderPassKey& key) {
    if (!is_new) {
        return *pair->second;
    }
-    static constexpr size_t MAX_ATTACHMENTS =
-        2 * std::tuple_size_v<decltype(RenderPassKey::color_formats)> + 2;
-    boost::container::static_vector<VkAttachmentDescription, MAX_ATTACHMENTS> descriptions;
+    boost::container::static_vector<VkAttachmentDescription, 9> descriptions;
    std::array<VkAttachmentReference, 8> references{};
    u32 num_attachments{};
    u32 num_colors{};
@@ -175,11 +109,8 @@ VkRenderPass RenderPassCache::Get(const RenderPassKey& key) {
        const VkAttachmentLoadOp depth_load_op = key.depth_stencil_clear
                                                     ? VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR
                                                     : VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD;
-        const VkAttachmentStoreOp depth_store_op = key.depth_stencil_discard
-                                                       ? VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE
-                                                       : VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
        descriptions.push_back(AttachmentDescription(*device, key.depth_format, key.samples,
-                                                     depth_load_op, depth_store_op));
+                                                     depth_load_op, VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE));
    }
    std::array<VkAttachmentReference, 8> resolve_references{};
    const bool do_resolve_color =
@@ -202,21 +133,6 @@ VkRenderPass RenderPassCache::Get(const RenderPassKey& key) {
            }
        }
    }
-    const bool do_resolve_depth_stencil = key.resolve_depth_stencil && has_depth &&
-                                          key.samples != VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT &&
-                                          SupportsDepthStencilResolve(*device, key.depth_format);
-    VkAttachmentReference depth_resolve_reference{};
-    if (do_resolve_depth_stencil) {
-        depth_resolve_reference = VkAttachmentReference{
-            .attachment = static_cast<u32>(descriptions.size()),
-            .layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL,
-        };
-        VkAttachmentDescription resolve_desc =
-            AttachmentDescription(*device, key.depth_format, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
-                                  VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE, VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE);
-        resolve_desc.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
-        descriptions.push_back(resolve_desc);
-    }
    const VkSubpassDescription subpass{
        .flags = 0,
        .pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
@@ -241,92 +157,6 @@ VkRenderPass RenderPassCache::Get(const RenderPassKey& key) {
            .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT,
            .dependencyFlags = VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT
    };
-
-    if (device->IsKhrCreateRenderPass2Supported()) {
-        boost::container::static_vector<VkAttachmentDescription2, MAX_ATTACHMENTS> descriptions2;
-        for (const VkAttachmentDescription& description : descriptions) {
-            descriptions2.push_back(VkAttachmentDescription2{
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_2,
-                .pNext = nullptr,
-                .flags = description.flags,
-                .format = description.format,
-                .samples = description.samples,
-                .loadOp = description.loadOp,
-                .storeOp = description.storeOp,
-                .stencilLoadOp = description.stencilLoadOp,
-                .stencilStoreOp = description.stencilStoreOp,
-                .initialLayout = description.initialLayout,
-                .finalLayout = description.finalLayout,
-            });
-        }
-        const auto promote = [](const VkAttachmentReference& reference) {
-            return VkAttachmentReference2{
-                .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_2,
-                .pNext = nullptr,
-                .attachment = reference.attachment,
-                .layout = reference.layout,
-                .aspectMask = 0,
-            };
-        };
-        std::array<VkAttachmentReference2, 8> references2{};
-        std::array<VkAttachmentReference2, 8> resolve_references2{};
-        for (size_t index = 0; index < references.size(); ++index) {
-            references2[index] = promote(references[index]);
-            resolve_references2[index] = promote(resolve_references[index]);
-        }
-        const VkAttachmentReference2 depth_reference2 = promote(depth_reference);
-        const VkAttachmentReference2 depth_resolve_reference2 = promote(depth_resolve_reference);
-        const ResolveModes resolve_modes = PickResolveModes(*device, key.depth_format);
-        const VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve depth_stencil_resolve{
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_DEPTH_STENCIL_RESOLVE,
-            .pNext = nullptr,
-            .depthResolveMode = resolve_modes.depth,
-            .stencilResolveMode = resolve_modes.stencil,
-            .pDepthStencilResolveAttachment = &depth_resolve_reference2,
-        };
-        const VkSubpassDescription2 subpass2{
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_2,
-            .pNext = do_resolve_depth_stencil ? &depth_stencil_resolve : nullptr,
-            .flags = 0,
-            .pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
-            .viewMask = 0,
-            .inputAttachmentCount = 0,
-            .pInputAttachments = nullptr,
-            .colorAttachmentCount = num_attachments,
-            .pColorAttachments = references2.data(),
-            .pResolveAttachments = do_resolve_color ? resolve_references2.data() : nullptr,
-            .pDepthStencilAttachment = has_depth ? &depth_reference2 : nullptr,
-            .preserveAttachmentCount = 0,
-            .pPreserveAttachments = nullptr,
-        };
-        const VkSubpassDependency2 dependency2{
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DEPENDENCY_2,
-            .pNext = nullptr,
-            .srcSubpass = dependency.srcSubpass,
-            .dstSubpass = dependency.dstSubpass,
-            .srcStageMask = dependency.srcStageMask,
-            .dstStageMask = dependency.dstStageMask,
-            .srcAccessMask = dependency.srcAccessMask,
-            .dstAccessMask = dependency.dstAccessMask,
-            .dependencyFlags = dependency.dependencyFlags,
-            .viewOffset = 0,
-        };
-        pair->second = device->GetLogical().CreateRenderPass2({
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO_2,
-            .pNext = nullptr,
-            .flags = 0,
-            .attachmentCount = static_cast<u32>(descriptions2.size()),
-            .pAttachments = descriptions2.empty() ? nullptr : descriptions2.data(),
-            .subpassCount = 1,
-            .pSubpasses = &subpass2,
-            .dependencyCount = 1,
-            .pDependencies = &dependency2,
-            .correlatedViewMaskCount = 0,
-            .pCorrelatedViewMasks = nullptr,
-        });
-        return *pair->second;
-    }
-
    pair->second = device->GetLogical().CreateRenderPass({
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext = nullptr,
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include <mutex>
 #include <ankerl/unordered_dense.h>

-#include "common/container_hash.h"
 #include "video_core/surface.h"
 #include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_wrapper.h"

@@ -22,11 +21,9 @@ struct RenderPassKey {
    VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat depth_format;
    VkSampleCountFlagBits samples;
    bool resolve_color;
-    bool resolve_depth_stencil;
    u32 color_clear_mask;
    bool depth_stencil_clear;
    u32 color_discard_mask;
-    bool depth_stencil_discard;
 };

 } // namespace Vulkan
@@ -34,28 +31,17 @@ struct RenderPassKey {
 namespace std {
 template <>
 struct hash<Vulkan::RenderPassKey> {
-    static_assert(std::tuple_size_v<decltype(Vulkan::RenderPassKey::color_formats)> <= 8);
-    static_assert(static_cast<u32>(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat::Invalid) <= 0xFF);
-    static_assert(static_cast<u32>(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat::Max) <= 0xFF);
-    static_assert(VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT <= 0xFF);
-
    [[nodiscard]] size_t operator()(const Vulkan::RenderPassKey& key) const noexcept {
-        u64 formats = 0;
-        for (size_t index = 0; index < key.color_formats.size(); ++index) {
-            formats |= static_cast<u64>(key.color_formats[index]) << (index * 8);
+        size_t value = static_cast<size_t>(key.depth_format) << 48;
+        value ^= static_cast<size_t>(key.samples) << 52;
+        value ^= static_cast<size_t>(key.resolve_color) << 63;
+        value ^= static_cast<size_t>(key.color_clear_mask) << 54;
+        value ^= static_cast<size_t>(key.depth_stencil_clear) << 62;
+        value ^= static_cast<size_t>(key.color_discard_mask) << 24;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < key.color_formats.size(); ++i) {
+            value ^= static_cast<size_t>(key.color_formats[i]) << (i * 6);
        }
-        const u64 state = static_cast<u64>(key.depth_format) |
-                          (static_cast<u64>(key.samples) << 8) |
-                          (static_cast<u64>(key.color_clear_mask) << 16) |
-                          (static_cast<u64>(key.color_discard_mask) << 24) |
-                          (static_cast<u64>(key.resolve_color) << 32) |
-                          (static_cast<u64>(key.depth_stencil_clear) << 33) |
-                          (static_cast<u64>(key.resolve_depth_stencil) << 34) |
-                          (static_cast<u64>(key.depth_stencil_discard) << 35);
-        size_t seed = 0;
-        Common::HashCombine(seed, formats);
-        Common::HashCombine(seed, state);
-        return seed;
+        return value;
    }
 };
 } // namespace std
@@ -64,9 +50,6 @@ namespace Vulkan {

 class Device;

-[[nodiscard]] bool SupportsDepthStencilResolve(const Device& device,
-                                               VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat depth_format);
-
 class RenderPassCache {
 public:
    explicit RenderPassCache(const Device& device_);
@@ -132,7 +132,6 @@ void Scheduler::BeginRenderPassImpl(const Framebuffer* framebuffer, VkRenderPass
    num_renderpass_images = framebuffer->NumImages();
    renderpass_images = framebuffer->Images();
    renderpass_image_ranges = framebuffer->ImageRanges();
-    framebuffer->MarkResolveShadowsUpToDate();
 }

 void Scheduler::RealizeDeferredClear() {
@@ -156,10 +155,8 @@ void Scheduler::RealizeDeferredClear() {
    }
    const u32 color_discard_mask =
        dc.framebuffer->DiscardsMsaaColor() ? dc.color_clear_mask : 0u;
-    const bool depth_stencil_discard =
-        dc.depth_stencil && dc.framebuffer->DiscardsMsaaDepthStencil();
    const VkRenderPass renderpass = dc.framebuffer->RenderPassVariant(
-        dc.color_clear_mask, dc.depth_stencil, color_discard_mask, depth_stencil_discard);
+        dc.color_clear_mask, dc.depth_stencil, color_discard_mask);
    EndRenderPass();
    BeginRenderPassImpl(dc.framebuffer, renderpass, clear_values.data(), count);
 }
@@ -193,14 +190,6 @@ bool Scheduler::DeferDepthStencilClear(const Framebuffer* framebuffer, const VkC
    return true;
 }

-void Scheduler::FlushDeferredClear() {
-    if (deferred_clear.framebuffer == nullptr) {
-        return;
-    }
-    RealizeDeferredClear();
-    EndRenderPass();
-}
-
 void Scheduler::RequestRenderpass(const Framebuffer* framebuffer) {
    if (deferred_clear.framebuffer == framebuffer) {
        RealizeDeferredClear();
@@ -65,9 +65,6 @@ public:
    /// Defers a full depth/stencil clear so it becomes the next render pass.
    bool DeferDepthStencilClear(const Framebuffer* framebuffer, const VkClearValue& value);

-    /// Realizes any pending deferred clear before its framebuffer can be moved or freed.
-    void FlushDeferredClear();
-
    /// Requests the current execution context to be able to execute operations only allowed outside
    /// of a renderpass.
    void RequestOutsideRenderPassOperationContext();
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_ALIGNMENT = 256;
 // Windows ones however, can intake bigger buffers and generally do not OOM.
 // - GTX 960 on Windows will not OOM with 256mib
 // - GT 1030 on ^NIX will OOM with 256mib
-#if defined(__FreeBSD__)
-constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 128_MiB;
-#else
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__ANDROID__)
 constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 256_MiB;
+#else
+constexpr VkDeviceSize MAX_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 128_MiB;
 #endif

 size_t GetStreamBufferSize(const Device& device) {
@@ -60,8 +60,6 @@ public:

    void TickFrame();

-    void FlushDeferredClear();
-
    u64 GetDeviceLocalMemory() const;

    u64 GetDeviceMemoryUsage() const;
@@ -70,12 +68,6 @@ public:

    std::optional<size_t> GetSamplerHeapBudget() const;

-    bool CanDownloadMsaa(const VideoCommon::ImageInfo& info) const;
-
-    [[nodiscard]] VkImage AcquireMsaaScratchImage(const VkImageCreateInfo& image_ci);
-
-    void ReleaseMsaaScratchImage(VkImage image);
-
    void BlitImage(Framebuffer* dst_framebuffer, ImageView& dst, ImageView& src,
                   const Region2D& dst_region, const Region2D& src_region,
                   Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Filter filter,
@@ -125,20 +117,16 @@ public:
        VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
        VkExtent2D extent{};
        u32 layers = 0;
-        VkImageAspectFlags aspect_mask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
        bool up_to_date = false;
    };

    [[nodiscard]] VkImageView GetOrCreateResolveShadow(VkImage msaa_image, VkFormat format,
-                                                       VkExtent2D extent, u32 layers,
-                                                       VkImageAspectFlags aspect_mask);
+                                                       VkExtent2D extent, u32 layers);

    [[nodiscard]] const ResolveShadow* GetValidResolveShadow(VkImage msaa_image) const;

    void InvalidateResolveShadow(VkImage msaa_image);

-    void MarkResolveShadowUpToDate(VkImage msaa_image);
-
    void EraseResolveShadow(VkImage msaa_image);

    std::span<const VkFormat> ViewFormats(PixelFormat format) {
@@ -166,30 +154,8 @@ public:

    static constexpr size_t indexing_slots = 8 * sizeof(size_t);
    std::array<vk::Buffer, indexing_slots> buffers{};
-    struct MsaaScratchKey {
-        VkFormat format;
-        VkImageType type;
-        u32 width;
-        u32 height;
-        u32 depth;
-        u32 levels;
-        u32 layers;
-        VkImageUsageFlags usage;
-        VkImageCreateFlags flags;
-
-        bool operator==(const MsaaScratchKey&) const noexcept = default;
-    };
-
-    struct MsaaScratchImage {
-        MsaaScratchKey key;
-        vk::Image image;
-        u64 tick;
-        u32 unused_frames;
-    };
-
-    std::vector<MsaaScratchImage> msaa_scratch_images;
+    std::vector<std::pair<u64, vk::Image>> pending_msaa_images;
    ankerl::unordered_dense::map<VkImage, ResolveShadow> resolve_shadows;
-    std::vector<std::pair<u64, ResolveShadow>> pending_resolve_shadows;
 };

 class Framebuffer {
@@ -225,8 +191,7 @@ public:
    }

    [[nodiscard]] VkRenderPass RenderPassVariant(u32 color_clear_mask, bool depth_stencil_clear,
-                                                 u32 color_discard_mask,
-                                                 bool depth_stencil_discard) const;
+                                                 u32 color_discard_mask) const;

    [[nodiscard]] VkExtent2D RenderArea() const noexcept {
        return render_area;
@@ -268,21 +233,19 @@ public:
        return is_rescaled;
    }

+    [[nodiscard]] bool HasResolveColor() const noexcept {
+        return !resolve_images.empty();
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] VkImage ResolveColorImage(size_t index) const noexcept {
+        return index < resolve_images.size() ? *resolve_images[index] : VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    }
+
    [[nodiscard]] bool DiscardsMsaaColor() const noexcept {
        return discard_msaa_color;
    }

-    [[nodiscard]] bool DiscardsMsaaDepthStencil() const noexcept {
-        return discard_msaa_depth_stencil;
-    }
-
-    /// Records that a render pass has begun, so its resolve attachments will hold valid contents
-    /// once it ends.
-    void MarkResolveShadowsUpToDate() const;
-
 private:
-    static constexpr size_t NUM_MEMOIZED_RENDER_PASS_VARIANTS = 8;
-
    vk::Framebuffer framebuffer;
    VkRenderPass renderpass{};
    VkExtent2D render_area{};
@@ -295,16 +258,11 @@ private:
    bool has_depth{};
    bool has_stencil{};
    bool is_rescaled{};
-    std::array<VkImage, 9> resolve_shadow_images{};
-    u32 num_resolve_shadows = 0;
-    TextureCacheRuntime* runtime_ptr{nullptr};
+    std::vector<vk::Image> resolve_images;
+    std::vector<vk::ImageView> resolve_image_views;
    RenderPassKey render_pass_key{};
    RenderPassCache* render_pass_cache{nullptr};
    bool discard_msaa_color{};
-    bool discard_msaa_depth_stencil{};
-    mutable std::array<u32, NUM_MEMOIZED_RENDER_PASS_VARIANTS> variant_keys{};
-    mutable std::array<VkRenderPass, NUM_MEMOIZED_RENDER_PASS_VARIANTS> variant_render_passes{};
-    mutable u32 num_memoized_variants{};
 };

 class Image : public VideoCommon::ImageBase {
@@ -528,7 +486,6 @@ struct TextureCacheParams {
    static constexpr bool HAS_EMULATED_COPIES = false;
    static constexpr bool HAS_DEVICE_MEMORY_INFO = true;
    static constexpr bool IMPLEMENTS_ASYNC_DOWNLOADS = true;
-    static constexpr bool HAS_MSAA_DOWNLOADS = true;

    using Runtime = Vulkan::TextureCacheRuntime;
    using Image = Vulkan::Image;
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2025 Eden Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later

 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void ImageBase::InsertView(const ImageViewInfo& view_info, ImageViewId image_vie
    image_view_ids.push_back(image_view_id);
 }

-bool ImageBase::IsSafeGpuCopy() const noexcept {
+bool ImageBase::IsSafeDownload() const noexcept {
    // Skip images that were not modified from the GPU
    if (False(flags & ImageFlagBits::GpuModified)) {
        return false;
@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@ bool ImageBase::IsSafeGpuCopy() const noexcept {
    if (True(flags & ImageFlagBits::CpuModified)) {
        return false;
    }
+    if (info.num_samples > 1) {
+        LOG_WARNING(HW_GPU, "MSAA image downloads are not implemented");
+        return false;
+    }
    return true;
 }

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

@@ -67,7 +64,7 @@ struct ImageBase {

    void InsertView(const ImageViewInfo& view_info, ImageViewId image_view_id);

-    [[nodiscard]] bool IsSafeGpuCopy() const noexcept;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsSafeDownload() const noexcept;

    [[nodiscard]] bool Overlaps(VAddr overlap_cpu_addr, size_t overlap_size) const noexcept {
        const VAddr overlap_end = overlap_cpu_addr + overlap_size;
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ void TextureCache<P>::RunGarbageCollector() {
        if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::IsDecoding)) {
            return false;
        }
-        const bool must_download = IsDownloadable(image) && False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::BadOverlap);
+        const bool must_download = image.IsSafeDownload() && False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::BadOverlap);
        if ((!aggressive_mode && True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::CostlyLoad)) || (!high_priority_mode && must_download)) {
            return false;
        }
@@ -577,7 +577,6 @@ FramebufferId TextureCache<P>::GetFramebufferId(const RenderTargets& key) {
        return id ? &slot_image_views[id] : nullptr;
    });
    ImageView* const depth_buffer = key.depth_buffer_id ? &slot_image_views[key.depth_buffer_id] : nullptr;
-    runtime.FlushDeferredClear();
    framebuffer_id = slot_framebuffers.insert(runtime, color_buffers, depth_buffer, key);
    return framebuffer_id;
 }
@@ -595,26 +594,11 @@ void TextureCache<P>::WriteMemory(DAddr cpu_addr, size_t size) {
    });
 }

-template <class P>
-bool TextureCache<P>::IsDownloadable(const ImageBase& image) const noexcept {
-    if (!image.IsSafeGpuCopy()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (image.info.num_samples == 1) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    if constexpr (P::HAS_MSAA_DOWNLOADS) {
-        return runtime.CanDownloadMsaa(image.info);
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
-}
-
 template <class P>
 void TextureCache<P>::DownloadMemory(DAddr cpu_addr, size_t size) {
    boost::container::small_vector<ImageId, 16> images;
-    ForEachImageInRegion(cpu_addr, size, [this, &images](ImageId image_id, ImageBase& image) {
-        if (!IsDownloadable(image)) {
+    ForEachImageInRegion(cpu_addr, size, [&images](ImageId image_id, ImageBase& image) {
+        if (!image.IsSafeDownload()) {
            return;
        }
        image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::GpuModified;
@@ -1492,12 +1476,12 @@ template <class P>
 bool TextureCache<P>::ScaleUp(Image& image) {
    const bool has_copy = image.HasScaled();
    const bool rescaled = image.ScaleUp();
-    if (!has_copy && image.HasScaled()) {
-        total_used_memory += GetScaledImageSizeBytes(image);
-    }
    if (!rescaled) {
        return false;
    }
+    if (!has_copy) {
+        total_used_memory += GetScaledImageSizeBytes(image);
+    }
    InvalidateScale(image);
    return true;
 }
@@ -1707,10 +1691,7 @@ ImageId TextureCache<P>::JoinImages(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, DA
    for (const auto& copy_object : join_copies_to_do) {
        Image& overlap = slot_images[copy_object.id];
        if (copy_object.is_alias) {
-            if (!overlap.IsSafeGpuCopy()) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (overlap.info.num_samples != new_image.info.num_samples) {
+            if (!overlap.IsSafeDownload()) {
                continue;
            }
            const auto alias_pointer = join_alias_indices.find(copy_object.id);
@@ -2480,7 +2461,6 @@ void TextureCache<P>::RemoveImageViewReferences(std::span<const ImageViewId> rem

 template <class P>
 void TextureCache<P>::RemoveFramebuffers(std::span<const ImageViewId> removed_views) {
-    runtime.FlushDeferredClear();
    auto it = framebuffers.begin();
    while (it != framebuffers.end()) {
        if (it->first.Contains(removed_views)) {
@@ -303,8 +303,6 @@ private:
    FramebufferId GetFramebufferId(const RenderTargets& key);

    /// Refresh the contents (pixel data) of an image
-    [[nodiscard]] bool IsDownloadable(const ImageBase& image) const noexcept;
-
    void RefreshContents(Image& image, ImageId image_id);

    /// Upload data from guest to an image
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Maufeat	e3b6f7a358	fix filepath when launching another program index	2026-08-23 12:14:38 +02:00
Maufeat	cd8540c4b4	Merge branch 'master' into feat/qlaunch-ovl-fixes # Conflicts: # src/core/hle/service/caps/caps_manager.cpp # src/core/hle/service/pctl/parental_control_service.h # src/yuzu_cmd/yuzu.cpp	2026-08-23 00:53:11 +02:00
Maufeat	fb9b62be78	Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/feat/qlaunch-ovl-fixes' into feat/qlaunch-ovl-fixes	2026-08-23 00:46:36 +02:00
Maufeat	ddd735922e	headers	2026-08-04 08:39:30 +02:00
Maufeat	25e6db0b36	a lot	2026-08-04 08:39:30 +02:00
Maufeat	d6ea9c1c63	headers	2026-07-30 21:05:55 +02:00
Maufeat	2b0b178c09	a lot	2026-07-30 20:34:50 +02:00