fix span shit

Signed-off-by: lizzie <lizzie@eden-emu.dev>

dist/qt_themes/default/style.qss

@@ -509,8 +509,6 @@ QWidget#contentRichDialog QLabel#label_title_rich {
 }
 
 QWidget#contentDialog QLabel#label_dialog {
-    background: #2E2E2E;
-
     padding: 20px 65px;
 }
 

docs/Settings.md

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ This guide will walk you through adding a new boolean toggle setting to Eden's c
 Firstly add your desired toggle:
 
 Example: `src/common/setting.h`
-
 ```cpp
 SwitchableSetting<bool> your_setting_name{linkage, false, "your_setting_name", Category::RendererExtensions};
 ```
@@ -68,7 +67,6 @@ Common Categories:
 Add the toggle to the Qt UI, where you wish for it to appear and place it there.
 
 Example: `src/qt_common/config/shared_translation.cpp`
-
 ```cpp
 INSERT(Settings,
        your_setting_name,
@@ -93,7 +91,6 @@ INSERT(Settings,
 Add where it should be in the settings.
 
 Example: `src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/model/BooleanSetting.kt`
-
 ```kts
 RENDERER_YOUR_SETTING_NAME("your_setting_name"),
 ```
@@ -109,7 +106,6 @@ RENDERER_YOUR_SETTING_NAME("your_setting_name"),
 Add the toggle to the Kotlin (Android) UI
 
 Example: `src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/model/view/SettingsItem.kt`
-
 ```kts
 put(
     SwitchSetting(
@@ -127,7 +123,6 @@ put(
 Add your setting within the right category.
 
 Example: `src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/ui/SettingsFragmentPresenter.kt`
-
 ```kts
 add(BooleanSetting.RENDERER_YOUR_SETTING_NAME.key)
 ```
@@ -142,7 +137,6 @@ add(BooleanSetting.RENDERER_YOUR_SETTING_NAME.key)
 Add your setting and description in the appropriate place.
 
 Example: `src/android/app/src/main/res/values/strings.xml`
-
 ```xml
 <string name="your_setting_name">Your Setting Display Name</string>
 <string name="your_setting_name_description">Detailed description of what this setting does. Explain any caveats, requirements, or warnings here.</string>
@@ -156,7 +150,6 @@ Now the UI part is done find a place in the code for the toggle,
 And use it to your heart's desire!
 
 Example:
-
 ```cpp
 const bool your_value = Settings::values.your_setting_name.GetValue();
 
@@ -203,31 +196,25 @@ Common advantages recap:
 
 #### Accessing Debug Knobs (dev side)
 
-Use the `Settings::GetDebugKnobAt(u8 i)` function to check if a specific bit is set:
+Use the `Settings::getDebugKnobAt(u8 i)` function to check if a specific bit is set:
 
 ```cpp
 //cpp side
 #include "common/settings.h"
 
-//To use it as a general purpose uint var:
-unsigned int debug_knobs = Settings::values.debug_knobs.GetValue();
-
 // Check if bit 0 is set
-bool feature_enabled = Settings::GetDebugKnobAt(0);
+bool feature_enabled = Settings::getDebugKnobAt(0);
 
 // Check if bit 15 is set
-bool another_feature = Settings::GetDebugKnobAt(15);
+bool another_feature = Settings::getDebugKnobAt(15);
 ```
 
 ```kts
 //kotlin side
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.Settings
 
-//To use it as a general purpose uint var
-val debug_knobs: Int = UShortSetting.DEBUG_KNOBS.getInt()
-
 // Check if bit x is set
-bool feature_enabled = Settings.GetDebugKnobAt(x); //x as integer from 0 to 15
+bool feature_enabled = Settings.getDebugKnobAt(x); //x as integer from 0 to 15
 ```
 
 The function returns `true` if the specified bit (0-15) is set in the `debug_knobs` value, `false` otherwise.
@@ -260,7 +247,6 @@ There are two main confusions when talking about knobs:
 Sometimes when an user reports: knobs 1 and 2 gets better performance, dev may get confuse whether he means the knobs 1 and 2 literally, or the 1st and 2nd knobs (knobs 0 and 1).
 
 Debug knobs are **zero-based**, which means:
-
 * The first knob is the knob(0) (or knob0 henceforth), and the last one is the 15 (knob15, likewise)
 * You can talk: "knob0 is enabled/disabled", "In this video i was using only knobs 0 and 2", etc.
 
@@ -273,7 +259,6 @@ Whenever you're instructing tests or reporting results, be precise about whether
 
 ALWAYS use the word in PLURAL (knobs), without mentioning which one, to refer to the setting, aka multiple knobs at once:
 Examples:
-
 - **knobs=0**: no knobs enabled
 - **knobs=1**: knob0 enabled, others disabled
 - **knobs=2**: knob1 enabled, others disabled
@@ -285,7 +270,6 @@ Examples:
 
 Use the word in SINGULAR (knob), or in plural but referring which ones, when meaning multiple knobs at once:
 Examples:
-
 - **knob0**: knob 0 enabled, others disabled
 - **knob1**: knob 1 enabled, others disabled
 - **knobs 0 and 1**: knobs 0 and 1 enabled, others disabled
@@ -298,12 +282,12 @@ Examples:
 
 ```cpp
 void SomeFunction() {
-    if (Settings::GetDebugKnobAt(0)) {
+    if (Settings::getDebugKnobAt(0)) {
         LOG_DEBUG(Common, "Debug feature 0 is enabled");
         // Additional debug code here
     }
     
-    if (Settings::GetDebugKnobAt(1)) {
+    if (Settings::getDebugKnobAt(1)) {
         LOG_DEBUG(Common, "Debug feature 1 is enabled");
         // Different debug behavior
     }
@@ -315,7 +299,7 @@ void SomeFunction() {
 ```cpp
 bool UseOptimizedPath() {
     // Skip optimization if debug bit 2 is set for testing
-    return !Settings::GetDebugKnobAt(2);
+    return !Settings::getDebugKnobAt(2);
 }
 ```
 
@@ -325,7 +309,7 @@ bool UseOptimizedPath() {
 void ExperimentalFeature() {
     static constexpr u8 EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURE_BIT = 3;
     
-    if (!Settings::GetDebugKnobAt(EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURE_BIT)) {
+    if (!Settings::getDebugKnobAt(EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURE_BIT)) {
         // Fallback to stable implementation
         StableImplementation();
         return;

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/NativeLibrary.kt

@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ object NativeLibrary {
 
     external fun refreshThreadPolicies()
 
-    external fun GetDebugKnobAt(index: Int): Boolean
+    external fun getDebugKnobAt(index: Int): Boolean
 
     /**
      * Set the current speed limit to the configured turbo speed.

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/model/Settings.kt

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ object Settings {
     fun getPlayerString(player: Int): String =
         YuzuApplication.appContext.getString(R.string.preferences_player, player)
 
-    fun GetDebugKnobAt(index: Int): Boolean {
+    fun getDebugKnobAt(index: Int): Boolean {
-        return org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.NativeLibrary.GetDebugKnobAt(index)
+        return org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.NativeLibrary.getDebugKnobAt(index)
     }
 
     const val PREF_FIRST_APP_LAUNCH = "FirstApplicationLaunch"

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/model/ShortSetting.kt

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.NativeConfig
 enum class ShortSetting(override val key: String) : AbstractShortSetting {
     RENDERER_SPEED_LIMIT("speed_limit"),
     RENDERER_TURBO_SPEED_LIMIT("turbo_speed_limit"),
-    RENDERER_SLOW_SPEED_LIMIT("slow_speed_limit")
+    RENDERER_SLOW_SPEED_LIMIT("slow_speed_limit"),
+    DEBUG_KNOBS("debug_knobs")
     ;
 
     override fun getShort(needsGlobal: Boolean): Short = NativeConfig.getShort(key, needsGlobal)

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/model/UShortSetting.kt

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
-package org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model
-
-import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.NativeConfig
-
-enum class UShortSetting(override val key: String) : AbstractIntSetting {
-    DEBUG_KNOBS("debug_knobs")
-    ;
-
-    override fun getInt(needsGlobal: Boolean): Int =
-        NativeConfig.getUnsignedShort(key, needsGlobal)
-
-    override fun setInt(value: Int) {
-        if (NativeConfig.isPerGameConfigLoaded()) {
-            global = false
-        }
-        NativeConfig.setUnsignedShort(key, value)
-    }
-
-    override val defaultValue: Int by lazy { NativeConfig.getDefaultToString(key).toInt() }
-
-    override fun getValueAsString(needsGlobal: Boolean): String = getInt(needsGlobal).toString()
-
-    override fun reset() = NativeConfig.setUnsignedShort(key, defaultValue)
-}

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/model/view/SettingsItem.kt

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.IntSetting
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.LongSetting
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.ShortSetting
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.StringSetting
-import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.UShortSetting
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.network.NetDataValidators
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.LosslessScalingHelper
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.NativeConfig
@@ -1035,7 +1034,7 @@ abstract class SettingsItem(
             )
             put(
                 SpinBoxSetting(
-                    UShortSetting.DEBUG_KNOBS,
+                    ShortSetting.DEBUG_KNOBS,
                     titleId = R.string.debug_knobs,
                     descriptionId = R.string.debug_knobs_description,
                     valueHint = R.string.debug_knobs_hint,

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/features/settings/ui/SettingsFragmentPresenter.kt

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.Settings
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.Settings.MenuTag
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.ShortSetting
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.StringSetting
-import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.UShortSetting
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.features.settings.model.view.*
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.InputHandler
 import org.yuzu.yuzu_emu.utils.LosslessScalingHelper
@@ -1327,7 +1326,7 @@ class SettingsFragmentPresenter(
 
             add(HeaderSetting(R.string.general))
 
-            add(UShortSetting.DEBUG_KNOBS.key)
+            add(ShortSetting.DEBUG_KNOBS.key)
             add(StringSetting.PROGRAM_ARGS.key)
 
             if (!NativeConfig.isPerGameConfigLoaded()) {

src/android/app/src/main/java/org/yuzu/yuzu_emu/utils/NativeConfig.kt

@@ -80,12 +80,6 @@ object NativeConfig {
     @Synchronized
     external fun setShort(key: String, value: Short)
 
-    @Synchronized
-    external fun getUnsignedShort(key: String, needsGlobal: Boolean): Int
-
-    @Synchronized
-    external fun setUnsignedShort(key: String, value: Int)
-
     @Synchronized
     external fun getInt(key: String, needsGlobal: Boolean): Int
 

src/android/app/src/main/jni/native.cpp

@@ -1300,8 +1300,8 @@ void Java_org_yuzu_yuzu_1emu_NativeLibrary_refreshThreadPolicies(JNIEnv* env, jo
     Common::RefreshThreadPolicies();
 }
 
-jboolean Java_org_yuzu_yuzu_1emu_NativeLibrary_GetDebugKnobAt(JNIEnv* env, jobject jobj, jint index) {
+jboolean Java_org_yuzu_yuzu_1emu_NativeLibrary_getDebugKnobAt(JNIEnv* env, jobject jobj, jint index) {
-    return static_cast<jboolean>(Settings::GetDebugKnobAt(static_cast<u8>(index)));
+    return static_cast<jboolean>(Settings::getDebugKnobAt(static_cast<u8>(index)));
 }
 
 void Java_org_yuzu_yuzu_1emu_NativeLibrary_setTurboSpeedLimit(JNIEnv *env, jobject jobj, jboolean enabled) {

src/android/app/src/main/jni/native_config.cpp

@@ -130,25 +130,6 @@ void Java_org_yuzu_yuzu_1emu_utils_NativeConfig_setShort(JNIEnv* env, jobject ob
     setting->SetValue(value);
 }
 
-jint Java_org_yuzu_yuzu_1emu_utils_NativeConfig_getUnsignedShort(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj,
-                                                                 jstring jkey,
-                                                                 jboolean needGlobal) {
-    auto setting = getSetting<u16>(env, jkey);
-    if (setting == nullptr) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return static_cast<jint>(setting->GetValue(static_cast<bool>(needGlobal)));
-}
-
-void Java_org_yuzu_yuzu_1emu_utils_NativeConfig_setUnsignedShort(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj,
-                                                                  jstring jkey, jint value) {
-    auto setting = getSetting<u16>(env, jkey);
-    if (setting == nullptr) {
-        return;
-    }
-    setting->SetValue(static_cast<u16>(value));
-}
-
 jint Java_org_yuzu_yuzu_1emu_utils_NativeConfig_getInt(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, jstring jkey,
                                                        jboolean needGlobal) {
     auto setting = getSetting<int>(env, jkey);

src/audio_core/audio_core.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 namespace AudioCore {
 
 AudioCore::AudioCore(Core::System& system) {
-    audio_manager.emplace();
+    audio_manager.emplace(system);
     CreateSinks();
     // Must be created after the sinks
     adsp.emplace(system, *output_sink);

src/audio_core/audio_in_manager.cpp

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
 
 namespace AudioCore::AudioIn {
 
-Manager::Manager(Core::System& system_) : system{system_} {
+Manager::Manager(Core::System& system) {
     std::iota(session_ids.begin(), session_ids.end(), 0);
     num_free_sessions = MaxInSessions;
 }
 
-Result Manager::AcquireSessionId(size_t& session_id) {
+Result Manager::AcquireSessionId(Core::System& system, size_t& session_id) {
     if (num_free_sessions == 0) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_Audio, "All 4 AudioIn sessions are in use, cannot create any more");
         return Service::Audio::ResultOutOfSessions;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Result Manager::AcquireSessionId(size_t& session_id) {
     return ResultSuccess;
 }
 
-void Manager::ReleaseSessionId(const size_t session_id) {
+void Manager::ReleaseSessionId(Core::System& system, const size_t session_id) {
     std::scoped_lock l{mutex};
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_Audio, "Freeing AudioIn session {}", session_id);
     session_ids[free_session_id] = session_id;
@@ -41,21 +41,20 @@ void Manager::ReleaseSessionId(const size_t session_id) {
     applet_resource_user_ids[session_id] = 0;
 }
 
-Result Manager::LinkToManager() {
+Result Manager::LinkToManager(Core::System& system) {
     std::scoped_lock l{mutex};
     if (!linked_to_manager) {
-        system.AudioCore().GetAudioManager().SetInManager(std::bind(&Manager::BufferReleaseAndRegister, this));
+        system.AudioCore().GetAudioManager().SetInManager(&Manager::BufferReleaseAndRegister);
         linked_to_manager = true;
     }
 
     return ResultSuccess;
 }
 
-void Manager::Start() {
+void Manager::Start(Core::System& system) {
     if (sessions_started) {
         return;
     }
-
     std::scoped_lock l{mutex};
     for (auto& session : sessions) {
         if (session) {
@@ -66,21 +65,19 @@ void Manager::Start() {
     sessions_started = true;
 }
 
-void Manager::BufferReleaseAndRegister() {
+void Manager::BufferReleaseAndRegister(void *data, Core::System& system) noexcept {
-    std::scoped_lock l{mutex};
+    Manager* this_ = (Manager*)data;
-    for (auto& session : sessions) {
+    std::scoped_lock l{this_->mutex};
+    for (auto& session : this_->sessions) {
         if (session != nullptr) {
             session->ReleaseAndRegisterBuffers();
         }
     }
 }
 
-u32 Manager::GetDeviceNames(std::span<Renderer::AudioDevice::AudioDeviceName> names,
+u32 Manager::GetDeviceNames(Core::System& system, std::span<Renderer::AudioDevice::AudioDeviceName> names, [[maybe_unused]] const bool filter) {
-                            [[maybe_unused]] const bool filter) {
     std::scoped_lock l{mutex};
-
+    LinkToManager(system);
-    LinkToManager();
-
     auto input_devices{Sink::GetDeviceListForSink(Settings::values.sink_id.GetValue(), true)};
     if (!input_devices.empty() && !names.empty()) {
         names[0] = Renderer::AudioDevice::AudioDeviceName("Uac");

src/audio_core/audio_in_manager.h

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -30,31 +33,29 @@ public:
      * @param session_id - Output session_id.
      * @return Result code.
      */
-    Result AcquireSessionId(size_t& session_id);
+    Result AcquireSessionId(Core::System& system, size_t& session_id);
 
     /**
      * Release a session id on close.
      *
      * @param session_id - Session id to free.
      */
-    void ReleaseSessionId(size_t session_id);
+    void ReleaseSessionId(Core::System& system, const size_t session_id);
 
     /**
      * Link the audio in manager to the main audio manager.
      *
      * @return Result code.
      */
-    Result LinkToManager();
+    Result LinkToManager(Core::System& system);
 
     /**
      * Start the audio in manager.
      */
-    void Start();
+    void Start(Core::System& system);
 
-    /**
+    /// @brief Callback function, called by the audio manager when the audio in event is signalled.
-     * Callback function, called by the audio manager when the audio in event is signalled.
+    static void BufferReleaseAndRegister(void *data, Core::System& system) noexcept;
-     */
-    void BufferReleaseAndRegister();
 
     /**
      * Get a list of audio in device names.
@@ -64,10 +65,8 @@ public:
      *
      * @return Number of names written.
      */
-    u32 GetDeviceNames(std::span<Renderer::AudioDevice::AudioDeviceName> names, bool filter);
+    u32 GetDeviceNames(Core::System& system, std::span<Renderer::AudioDevice::AudioDeviceName> names, bool filter);
 
-    /// Core system
-    Core::System& system;
     /// Array of session ids
     std::array<size_t, MaxInSessions> session_ids{};
     /// Array of resource user ids

src/audio_core/audio_manager.cpp

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 
 namespace AudioCore {
 
-AudioManager::AudioManager() {
+AudioManager::AudioManager(Core::System& system) {
-    thread = std::jthread([this](std::stop_token stop_token) {
+    thread = std::jthread([&](std::stop_token stop_token) {
         Common::SetCurrentThreadName("AudioManager");
         std::unique_lock l{events.GetAudioEventLock()};
         events.ClearEvents();
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ AudioManager::AudioManager() {
                 const auto event_type = Event::Type(i);
                 if (events.CheckAudioEventSet(event_type) || timed_out) {
                     if (buffer_events[i]) {
-                        buffer_events[i]();
+                        buffer_events[i](this, system);
                     }
                 }
                 events.SetAudioEvent(event_type, false);

src/audio_core/audio_manager.h

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
 
 #include "audio_core/audio_event.h"
 
+namespace Core {
+class System;
+}
+
 union Result;
 
 namespace AudioCore {
@@ -34,10 +38,9 @@ namespace AudioCore {
  * This is only used by audio in and audio out.
  */
 class AudioManager {
-    using BufferEventFunc = std::function<void()>;
+    using BufferEventFunc = void (*)(void *data, Core::System& system) noexcept;
-
 public:
-    explicit AudioManager();
+    explicit AudioManager(Core::System& system);
 
     /**
      * Shutdown the audio manager.

src/audio_core/audio_out_manager.cpp

@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
 
 namespace AudioCore::AudioOut {
 
-Manager::Manager(Core::System& system_) : system{system_} {
+Manager::Manager(Core::System& system) {
     std::iota(session_ids.begin(), session_ids.end(), 0);
     num_free_sessions = MaxOutSessions;
 }
 
-Result Manager::AcquireSessionId(size_t& session_id) {
+Result Manager::AcquireSessionId(Core::System& system, size_t& session_id) {
     if (num_free_sessions == 0) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_Audio, "All 12 Audio Out sessions are in use, cannot create any more");
         return Service::Audio::ResultOutOfSessions;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Result Manager::AcquireSessionId(size_t& session_id) {
     return ResultSuccess;
 }
 
-void Manager::ReleaseSessionId(const size_t session_id) {
+void Manager::ReleaseSessionId(Core::System& system, const size_t session_id) {
     std::scoped_lock l{mutex};
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_Audio, "Freeing AudioOut session {}", session_id);
     session_ids[free_session_id] = session_id;
@@ -40,17 +40,17 @@ void Manager::ReleaseSessionId(const size_t session_id) {
     applet_resource_user_ids[session_id] = 0;
 }
 
-Result Manager::LinkToManager() {
+Result Manager::LinkToManager(Core::System& system) {
     std::scoped_lock l{mutex};
     if (!linked_to_manager) {
-        system.AudioCore().GetAudioManager().SetOutManager(std::bind(&Manager::BufferReleaseAndRegister, this));
+        system.AudioCore().GetAudioManager().SetOutManager(&Manager::BufferReleaseAndRegister);
         linked_to_manager = true;
     }
 
     return ResultSuccess;
 }
 
-void Manager::Start() {
+void Manager::Start(Core::System& system) {
     if (sessions_started) {
         return;
     }
@@ -65,19 +65,14 @@ void Manager::Start() {
     sessions_started = true;
 }
 
-void Manager::BufferReleaseAndRegister() {
+void Manager::BufferReleaseAndRegister(void *data, Core::System& system) noexcept {
-    std::scoped_lock l{mutex};
+    Manager* this_ = (Manager*)data;
-    for (auto& session : sessions) {
+    std::scoped_lock l{this_->mutex};
+    for (auto& session : this_->sessions) {
         if (session != nullptr) {
             session->ReleaseAndRegisterBuffers();
         }
     }
 }
 
-u32 Manager::GetAudioOutDeviceNames(
-    std::vector<Renderer::AudioDevice::AudioDeviceName>& names) const {
-    names.emplace_back("DeviceOut");
-    return 1;
-}
-
 } // namespace AudioCore::AudioOut

src/audio_core/audio_out_manager.h

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -29,42 +32,32 @@ public:
      * @param session_id - Output session_id.
      * @return Result code.
      */
-    Result AcquireSessionId(size_t& session_id);
+    Result AcquireSessionId(Core::System& system, size_t& session_id);
 
     /**
      * Release a session id on close.
      *
      * @param session_id - Session id to free.
      */
-    void ReleaseSessionId(size_t session_id);
+    void ReleaseSessionId(Core::System& system, const size_t session_id);
 
     /**
      * Link this manager to the main audio manager.
      *
      * @return Result code.
      */
-    Result LinkToManager();
+    Result LinkToManager(Core::System& system);
 
     /**
      * Start the audio out manager.
      */
-    void Start();
+    void Start(Core::System& system);
 
     /**
      * Callback function, called by the audio manager when the audio out event is signalled.
      */
-    void BufferReleaseAndRegister();
+    static void BufferReleaseAndRegister(void* data, Core::System& system) noexcept;
 
-    /**
-     * Get a list of audio out device names.
-     *
-     * @param names     - Output container to write names to.
-     * @return Number of names written.
-     */
-    u32 GetAudioOutDeviceNames(std::vector<Renderer::AudioDevice::AudioDeviceName>& names) const;
-
-    /// Core system
-    Core::System& system;
     /// Array of session ids
     std::array<size_t, MaxOutSessions> session_ids{};
     /// Array of resource user ids

src/audio_core/audio_render_manager.cpp

@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #include "audio_core/audio_render_manager.h"
 #include "audio_core/common/audio_renderer_parameter.h"
+#include "audio_core/renderer/system_manager.h"
 #include "audio_core/common/feature_support.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 
 namespace AudioCore::Renderer {
 
 Manager::Manager(Core::System& system_)
-    : system{system_}, system_manager{std::make_unique<SystemManager>(system)} {
+    : system_manager{std::make_unique<SystemManager>(system_)}
+{
     std::iota(session_ids.begin(), session_ids.end(), 0);
 }
 
@@ -59,11 +64,11 @@ u32 Manager::GetSessionCount() const {
     return session_count;
 }
 
-bool Manager::AddSystem(System& system_) {
+bool Manager::AddSystem(Renderer::System& system_) {
     return system_manager->Add(system_);
 }
 
-bool Manager::RemoveSystem(System& system_) {
+bool Manager::RemoveSystem(Renderer::System& system_) {
     return system_manager->Remove(system_);
 }
 

src/audio_core/audio_render_manager.h

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ public:
      * @param system - The system to add.
      * @return True if the system was successfully added, otherwise false.
      */
-    bool AddSystem(System& system);
+    bool AddSystem(Renderer::System& system);
 
     /**
      * Remove a renderer system from the manager.
@@ -79,7 +82,7 @@ public:
      * @param system - The system to remove.
      * @return True if the system was successfully removed, otherwise false.
      */
-    bool RemoveSystem(System& system);
+    bool RemoveSystem(Renderer::System& system);
 
     /**
      * Free a session id when the system wants to shut down.
@@ -89,8 +92,6 @@ public:
     void ReleaseSessionId(s32 session_id);
 
 private:
-    /// Core system
-    Core::System& system;
     /// Session ids, -1 when in use
     std::array<s32, MaxRendererSessions> session_ids{};
     /// Number of active renderers

src/audio_core/common/workbuffer_allocator.h

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -16,8 +19,9 @@ namespace AudioCore {
  */
 class WorkbufferAllocator {
 public:
-    explicit WorkbufferAllocator(std::span<u8> buffer_, u64 size_)
+    explicit WorkbufferAllocator(std::span<u8> buffer_)
-        : buffer{reinterpret_cast<u64>(buffer_.data())}, size{size_} {}
+        : buffer{buffer_}
+    {}
 
     /**
      * Allocate the given count of T elements, aligned to alignment.
@@ -29,36 +33,31 @@ public:
     template <typename T>
     std::span<T> Allocate(u64 count, u64 alignment) {
         u64 out{0};
-        u64 byte_size{count * sizeof(T)};
+        u64 byte_size = count * sizeof(T);
-
         if (byte_size > 0) {
-            auto current{buffer + offset};
+            auto current{uintptr_t(buffer.data()) + offset};
             auto aligned_buffer{Common::AlignUp(current, alignment)};
-            if (aligned_buffer + byte_size <= buffer + size) {
+            if (aligned_buffer + byte_size <= uintptr_t(buffer.data()) + buffer.size()) {
                 out = aligned_buffer;
-                offset = byte_size - buffer + aligned_buffer;
+                offset = byte_size - uintptr_t(buffer.data()) + aligned_buffer;
             } else {
                 LOG_ERROR(
                     Service_Audio,
                     "Allocated buffer was too small to hold new alloc.\nAllocator size={:08X}, "
                     "offset={:08X}.\nAttempting to allocate {:08X} with alignment={:02X}",
-                    size, offset, byte_size, alignment);
+                    buffer.size(), offset, byte_size, alignment);
                 count = 0;
             }
         }
-
         return std::span<T>(reinterpret_cast<T*>(out), count);
     }
 
-    /**
+    /// @brief Align the current offset to the given alignment.
-     * Align the current offset to the given alignment.
+    /// @param alignment - The required starting alignment.
-     *
-     * @param alignment - The required starting alignment.
-     */
     void Align(u64 alignment) {
-        auto current{buffer + offset};
+        auto current{uintptr_t(buffer.data()) + offset};
         auto aligned_buffer{Common::AlignUp(current, alignment)};
-        offset = 0 - buffer + aligned_buffer;
+        offset = 0 - uintptr_t(buffer.data()) + aligned_buffer;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ public:
      * @return The size of the current buffer.
      */
     u64 GetSize() const {
-        return size;
+        return buffer.size();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -85,14 +84,11 @@ public:
      * @return The remaining size left in the buffer.
      */
     u64 GetRemainingSize() const {
-        return size - offset;
+        return buffer.size() - offset;
     }
 
 private:
-    /// The buffer into which we are allocating.
+    const std::span<u8> buffer;
-    u64 buffer;
-    /// Size of the buffer we're allocating to.
-    u64 size;
     /// Current offset into the buffer, an error will be thrown if it exceeds size.
     u64 offset{};
 };

src/audio_core/in/audio_in.cpp

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -8,42 +11,43 @@
 namespace AudioCore::AudioIn {
 
 In::In(Core::System& system_, Manager& manager_, Kernel::KEvent* event_, size_t session_id_)
-    : manager{manager_}, parent_mutex{manager.mutex}, event{event_}, system{system_, event,
+    : manager{manager_}, parent_mutex{manager.mutex}, event{event_}
-                                                                            session_id_} {}
+    , audio_system{system_, event, session_id_}
+{}
 
-void In::Free() {
+void In::Free(Core::System& system) {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    manager.ReleaseSessionId(system.GetSessionId());
+    manager.ReleaseSessionId(system, audio_system.GetSessionId());
 }
 
 System& In::GetSystem() {
-    return system;
+    return audio_system;
 }
 
 AudioIn::State In::GetState() {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.GetState();
+    return audio_system.GetState();
 }
 
 Result In::StartSystem() {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.Start();
+    return audio_system.Start();
 }
 
 void In::StartSession() {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    system.StartSession();
+    audio_system.StartSession();
 }
 
 Result In::StopSystem() {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.Stop();
+    return audio_system.Stop();
 }
 
 Result In::AppendBuffer(const AudioInBuffer& buffer, u64 tag) {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
 
-    if (system.AppendBuffer(buffer, tag)) {
+    if (audio_system.AppendBuffer(buffer, tag)) {
         return ResultSuccess;
     }
     return Service::Audio::ResultBufferCountReached;
@@ -51,20 +55,20 @@ Result In::AppendBuffer(const AudioInBuffer& buffer, u64 tag) {
 
 void In::ReleaseAndRegisterBuffers() {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    if (system.GetState() == State::Started) {
+    if (audio_system.GetState() == State::Started) {
-        system.ReleaseBuffers();
+        audio_system.ReleaseBuffers();
-        system.RegisterBuffers();
+        audio_system.RegisterBuffers();
     }
 }
 
 bool In::FlushAudioInBuffers() {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.FlushAudioInBuffers();
+    return audio_system.FlushAudioInBuffers();
 }
 
 u32 In::GetReleasedBuffers(std::span<u64> tags) {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.GetReleasedBuffers(tags);
+    return audio_system.GetReleasedBuffers(tags);
 }
 
 Kernel::KReadableEvent& In::GetBufferEvent() {
@@ -74,27 +78,27 @@ Kernel::KReadableEvent& In::GetBufferEvent() {
 
 f32 In::GetVolume() const {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.GetVolume();
+    return audio_system.GetVolume();
 }
 
 void In::SetVolume(f32 volume) {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    system.SetVolume(volume);
+    audio_system.SetVolume(volume);
 }
 
 bool In::ContainsAudioBuffer(u64 tag) const {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.ContainsAudioBuffer(tag);
+    return audio_system.ContainsAudioBuffer(tag);
 }
 
 u32 In::GetBufferCount() const {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.GetBufferCount();
+    return audio_system.GetBufferCount();
 }
 
 u64 In::GetPlayedSampleCount() const {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.GetPlayedSampleCount();
+    return audio_system.GetPlayedSampleCount();
 }
 
 } // namespace AudioCore::AudioIn

src/audio_core/in/audio_in.h

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -30,7 +33,7 @@ public:
     /**
      * Free this audio in from the audio in manager.
      */
-    void Free();
+    void Free(Core::System& system);
 
     /**
      * Get this audio in's system.
@@ -141,7 +144,7 @@ private:
     /// Buffer event, signalled when buffers are ready to be released
     Kernel::KEvent* event;
     /// Main audio in system
-    System system;
+    System audio_system;
 };
 
 } // namespace AudioCore::AudioIn

src/audio_core/out/audio_out.cpp

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -8,42 +11,43 @@
 namespace AudioCore::AudioOut {
 
 Out::Out(Core::System& system_, Manager& manager_, Kernel::KEvent* event_, size_t session_id_)
-    : manager{manager_}, parent_mutex{manager.mutex}, event{event_}, system{system_, event,
+    : manager{manager_}, parent_mutex{manager.mutex}, event{event_}
-                                                                            session_id_} {}
+    , audio_system{system_, event, session_id_}
+{}
 
-void Out::Free() {
+void Out::Free(Core::System& system) {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    manager.ReleaseSessionId(system.GetSessionId());
+    manager.ReleaseSessionId(system, audio_system.GetSessionId());
 }
 
 System& Out::GetSystem() {
-    return system;
+    return audio_system;
 }
 
 AudioOut::State Out::GetState() {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.GetState();
+    return audio_system.GetState();
 }
 
 Result Out::StartSystem() {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.Start();
+    return audio_system.Start();
 }
 
 void Out::StartSession() {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    system.StartSession();
+    audio_system.StartSession();
 }
 
 Result Out::StopSystem() {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.Stop();
+    return audio_system.Stop();
 }
 
 Result Out::AppendBuffer(const AudioOutBuffer& buffer, const u64 tag) {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
 
-    if (system.AppendBuffer(buffer, tag)) {
+    if (audio_system.AppendBuffer(buffer, tag)) {
         return ResultSuccess;
     }
     return Service::Audio::ResultBufferCountReached;
@@ -51,20 +55,20 @@ Result Out::AppendBuffer(const AudioOutBuffer& buffer, const u64 tag) {
 
 void Out::ReleaseAndRegisterBuffers() {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    if (system.GetState() == State::Started) {
+    if (audio_system.GetState() == State::Started) {
-        system.ReleaseBuffers();
+        audio_system.ReleaseBuffers();
-        system.RegisterBuffers();
+        audio_system.RegisterBuffers();
     }
 }
 
 bool Out::FlushAudioOutBuffers() {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.FlushAudioOutBuffers();
+    return audio_system.FlushAudioOutBuffers();
 }
 
 u32 Out::GetReleasedBuffers(std::span<u64> tags) {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.GetReleasedBuffers(tags);
+    return audio_system.GetReleasedBuffers(tags);
 }
 
 Kernel::KReadableEvent& Out::GetBufferEvent() {
@@ -74,27 +78,27 @@ Kernel::KReadableEvent& Out::GetBufferEvent() {
 
 f32 Out::GetVolume() const {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.GetVolume();
+    return audio_system.GetVolume();
 }
 
 void Out::SetVolume(const f32 volume) {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    system.SetVolume(volume);
+    audio_system.SetVolume(volume);
 }
 
 bool Out::ContainsAudioBuffer(const u64 tag) const {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.ContainsAudioBuffer(tag);
+    return audio_system.ContainsAudioBuffer(tag);
 }
 
 u32 Out::GetBufferCount() const {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.GetBufferCount();
+    return audio_system.GetBufferCount();
 }
 
 u64 Out::GetPlayedSampleCount() const {
     std::scoped_lock l{parent_mutex};
-    return system.GetPlayedSampleCount();
+    return audio_system.GetPlayedSampleCount();
 }
 
 } // namespace AudioCore::AudioOut

src/audio_core/out/audio_out.h

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -30,7 +33,7 @@ public:
     /**
      * Free this audio out from the audio out manager.
      */
-    void Free();
+    void Free(Core::System& system);
 
     /**
      * Get this audio out's system.
@@ -141,7 +144,7 @@ private:
     /// Buffer event, signalled when buffers are ready to be released
     Kernel::KEvent* event;
     /// Main audio out system
-    System system;
+    System audio_system;
 };
 
 } // namespace AudioCore::AudioOut

src/audio_core/renderer/audio_renderer.cpp

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -13,56 +16,48 @@
 namespace AudioCore::Renderer {
 
 Renderer::Renderer(Core::System& system_, Manager& manager_, Kernel::KEvent* rendered_event)
-    : core{system_}, manager{manager_}, system{system_, rendered_event} {}
+    : system{system_}, manager{manager_}
+    , audio_system{system_, rendered_event}
+{}
 
-Result Renderer::Initialize(const AudioRendererParameterInternal& params,
+Result Renderer::Initialize(const AudioRendererParameterInternal& params, Kernel::KTransferMemory* transfer_memory, const u64 transfer_memory_size, Kernel::KProcess* process_handle, const u64 applet_resource_user_id, const s32 session_id) {
-                            Kernel::KTransferMemory* transfer_memory,
-                            const u64 transfer_memory_size, Kernel::KProcess* process_handle,
-                            const u64 applet_resource_user_id, const s32 session_id) {
     if (params.execution_mode == ExecutionMode::Auto) {
-        if (!manager.AddSystem(system)) {
+        if (!manager.AddSystem(audio_system)) {
-            LOG_ERROR(Service_Audio,
+            LOG_ERROR(Service_Audio, "Both Audio Render sessions are in use, cannot create any more");
-                      "Both Audio Render sessions are in use, cannot create any more");
             return Service::Audio::ResultOutOfSessions;
         }
         system_registered = true;
     }
 
     initialized = true;
-    system.Initialize(params, transfer_memory, transfer_memory_size, process_handle,
+    audio_system.Initialize(params, transfer_memory, transfer_memory_size, process_handle, applet_resource_user_id, session_id);
-                      applet_resource_user_id, session_id);
-
     return ResultSuccess;
 }
 
 void Renderer::Finalize() {
-    auto session_id{system.GetSessionId()};
+    auto const session_id{audio_system.GetSessionId()};
-
+    audio_system.Finalize();
-    system.Finalize();
-
     if (system_registered) {
-        manager.RemoveSystem(system);
+        manager.RemoveSystem(audio_system);
         system_registered = false;
     }
-
     manager.ReleaseSessionId(session_id);
 }
 
 System& Renderer::GetSystem() {
-    return system;
+    return audio_system;
 }
 
 void Renderer::Start() {
-    system.Start();
+    audio_system.Start();
 }
 
 void Renderer::Stop() {
-    system.Stop();
+    audio_system.Stop();
 }
 
-Result Renderer::RequestUpdate(std::span<const u8> input, std::span<u8> performance,
+Result Renderer::RequestUpdate(std::span<const u8> input, std::span<u8> performance, std::span<u8> output) {
-                               std::span<u8> output) {
+    return audio_system.Update(input, performance, output);
-    return system.Update(input, performance, output);
 }
 
 } // namespace AudioCore::Renderer

src/audio_core/renderer/audio_renderer.h

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
     /// System core
-    Core::System& core;
+    Core::System& system;
     /// Manager this renderer is registered with
     Manager& manager;
     /// Is the audio renderer initialized?
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@ private:
     /// Is the system registered with the manager?
     bool system_registered{};
     /// Audio render system, main driver of audio rendering
-    System system;
+    System audio_system;
 };
 
 } // namespace Renderer

src/audio_core/renderer/system.cpp

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ Result System::Initialize(const AudioRendererParameterInternal& params,
     PoolMapper pool_mapper(process_handle, false);
     pool_mapper.InitializeSystemPool(memory_pool_info, workbuffer.get(), workbuffer_size);
 
-    WorkbufferAllocator allocator({workbuffer.get(), workbuffer_size}, workbuffer_size);
+    WorkbufferAllocator allocator({workbuffer.get(), workbuffer_size});
 
     samples_workbuffer =
         allocator.Allocate<s32>((voice_channels + mix_buffer_count) * sample_count, 0x10);

src/common/logging.cpp

@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ struct LogcatBackend : public Backend {
             }
         }();
         auto const df = GetDirectFormatArgs(entry);
-        __android_log_print(android_log_priority, "YuzuNative", "%s %s:%u:%s: %s", df.class_name, entry.filename, entry.line_num, entry.function, entry.message);
+        __android_log_print(android_log_priority, "YuzuNative", CCB_PRINTF_FMT, df.time_seconds, df.time_fractional, df.class_name, df.level_name, entry.filename, entry.line_num, entry.function, entry.message);
     }
     void Flush() noexcept override {}
 };
@@ -428,33 +428,21 @@ void FmtLogMessageImpl(Class log_class, Level log_level, const char* filename, u
         auto const flush = ::Settings::values.log_flush_line.GetValue();
         char buffer[BUFSIZ];
         auto result = fmt::vformat_to_n(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, format, args);
-        Entry e{
+        buffer[(std::min)(result.size, sizeof(buffer) - 1)] = '\0';
-            .message = nullptr,
+        logging_instance->ForEachBackend([=](Backend& backend) {
-            .message_len = 0,
+            backend.Write(Entry{
+                .message = buffer,
+                .message_len = (std::min)(result.size, sizeof(buffer) - 1),
                 .timestamp = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - logging_instance->time_origin),
                 .log_class = log_class,
                 .log_level = log_level,
                 .filename = TrimSourcePath(filename),
                 .function = function,
                 .line_num = line_num,
-        };
-        if (result.size <= sizeof(buffer) - 1) {
-            buffer[(std::min)(result.size, sizeof(buffer) - 1)] = '\0';
-            e.message = buffer;
-            e.message_len = (std::min)(result.size, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
-            logging_instance->ForEachBackend([=](Backend& backend) {
-                backend.Write(e);
-                if (flush) backend.Flush();
             });
-        } else {
+            if (flush)
-            std::string s = fmt::vformat(format, args);
+                backend.Flush();
-            e.message = s.c_str();
-            e.message_len = s.size();
-            logging_instance->ForEachBackend([=](Backend& backend) {
-                backend.Write(e);
-                if (flush) backend.Flush();
         });
     }
 }
-}
 } // namespace Common::Log

src/common/settings.cpp

@@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ void LogSettings() {
                     setting->UsingGlobal() ? '-' : 'C', TranslateCategory(category),
                     setting->GetLabel());
                 if (is_default)
-                    settings_list.push_back(fmt::format("{}: {}", name, setting->Canonicalize()));
+                    settings_list.push_back(fmt::format("{}: {}\n", name, setting->Canonicalize()));
                 else
-                    settings_list.push_front(fmt::format("{}: {}", name, setting->Canonicalize()));
+                    settings_list.push_front(fmt::format("{}: {}\n", name, setting->Canonicalize()));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ void LogSettings() {
 #undef LOG_PATH
 }
 
-bool GetDebugKnobAt(u8 i) {
+bool getDebugKnobAt(u8 i) {
     return (values.debug_knobs.GetValue() & (1 << (i & 0xF))) != 0;
 }
 

src/common/settings.h

@@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ struct Values {
                                            0,
                                            65535,
                                            "debug_knobs",
-                                           Category::System,
+                                           Category::Debugging,
                                            Specialization::Countable,
                                            true,
                                            true};
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ constexpr u32 MAX_FRAME_GEN_MULTIPLIER = 4;
 
 [[nodiscard]] size_t FrameGenMaxGenerations();
 
-bool GetDebugKnobAt(u8 i);
+bool getDebugKnobAt(u8 i);
 
 void UpdateGPUAccuracy();
 bool IsGPULevelHigh();

src/core/file_sys/ips_layer.cpp

@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <map>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
-#include <span>
-#include <cctype>
-#include <ankerl/unordered_dense.h>
 
 #include "common/hex_util.h"
 #include "common/logging.h"
@@ -24,30 +22,61 @@ enum class IPSFileType {
     Error,
 };
 
-static IPSFileType IdentifyMagic(std::span<const u8> magic) {
+constexpr std::array<std::pair<const char*, const char*>, 11> ESCAPE_CHARACTER_MAP{{
-    if (magic.size() >= 5) {
+    {"\\a", "\a"},
-        if (std::memcmp(magic.data(), "PATCH", 5) == 0)
+    {"\\b", "\b"},
-            return IPSFileType::IPS;
+    {"\\f", "\f"},
-        if (std::memcmp(magic.data(), "IPS32", 5) == 0)
+    {"\\n", "\n"},
-            return IPSFileType::IPS32;
+    {"\\r", "\r"},
-    }
+    {"\\t", "\t"},
+    {"\\v", "\v"},
+    {"\\\\", "\\"},
+    {"\\\'", "\'"},
+    {"\\\"", "\""},
+    {"\\\?", "\?"},
+}};
+
+static IPSFileType IdentifyMagic(const std::vector<u8>& magic) {
+    if (magic.size() != 5) {
         return IPSFileType::Error;
     }
 
-static bool IsEOF(IPSFileType type, std::span<const u8> magic) {
+    static constexpr std::array<u8, 5> patch_magic{{'P', 'A', 'T', 'C', 'H'}};
-    return (type == IPSFileType::IPS && magic.size() > 3 && std::memcmp(magic.data(), "EOF", 3) == 0)
+    if (std::equal(magic.begin(), magic.end(), patch_magic.begin())) {
-        || (type == IPSFileType::IPS32 && magic.size() > 4 && std::memcmp(magic.data(), "EEOF", 4) == 0);
+        return IPSFileType::IPS;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr std::array<u8, 5> ips32_magic{{'I', 'P', 'S', '3', '2'}};
+    if (std::equal(magic.begin(), magic.end(), ips32_magic.begin())) {
+        return IPSFileType::IPS32;
+    }
+
+    return IPSFileType::Error;
+}
+
+static bool IsEOF(IPSFileType type, const std::vector<u8>& data) {
+    static constexpr std::array<u8, 3> eof{{'E', 'O', 'F'}};
+    if (type == IPSFileType::IPS && std::equal(data.begin(), data.end(), eof.begin())) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr std::array<u8, 4> eeof{{'E', 'E', 'O', 'F'}};
+    return type == IPSFileType::IPS32 && std::equal(data.begin(), data.end(), eeof.begin());
 }
 
 VirtualFile PatchIPS(const VirtualFile& in, const VirtualFile& ips) {
     if (in == nullptr || ips == nullptr)
         return nullptr;
 
-    auto in_data = in->ReadAllBytes();
+    const auto type = IdentifyMagic(ips->ReadBytes(0x5));
-    auto const type = IdentifyMagic(in_data);
     if (type == IPSFileType::Error)
         return nullptr;
 
+    auto in_data = in->ReadAllBytes();
+    if (in_data.size() == 0) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
     std::vector<u8> temp(type == IPSFileType::IPS ? 3 : 4);
     u64 offset = 5; // After header
     while (ips->Read(temp.data(), temp.size(), offset) == temp.size()) {
@@ -56,9 +85,12 @@ VirtualFile PatchIPS(const VirtualFile& in, const VirtualFile& ips) {
             break;
         }
 
-        u32 real_offset = (type == IPSFileType::IPS32)
+        u32 real_offset{};
-            ? ((temp[0] << 24) | (temp[1] << 16) | (temp[2] << 8) | temp[3])
+        if (type == IPSFileType::IPS32)
-            : ((temp[0] << 16) | (temp[1] << 8) | temp[2]);
+            real_offset = (temp[0] << 24) | (temp[1] << 16) | (temp[2] << 8) | temp[3];
+        else
+            real_offset = (temp[0] << 16) | (temp[1] << 8) | temp[2];
+
         if (real_offset > in_data.size()) {
             return nullptr;
         }
@@ -81,35 +113,34 @@ VirtualFile PatchIPS(const VirtualFile& in, const VirtualFile& ips) {
                 return nullptr;
 
             if (real_offset + rle_size > in_data.size())
-                rle_size = u16(in_data.size() - real_offset);
+                rle_size = static_cast<u16>(in_data.size() - real_offset);
             std::memset(in_data.data() + real_offset, *data, rle_size);
         } else { // Standard Patch
             auto read = data_size;
             if (real_offset + read > in_data.size())
-                read = u16(in_data.size() - real_offset);
+                read = static_cast<u16>(in_data.size() - real_offset);
             if (ips->Read(in_data.data() + real_offset, read, offset) != data_size)
                 return nullptr;
             offset += data_size;
         }
     }
-    if (IsEOF(type, temp)) {
+
-        return std::make_shared<VectorVfsFile>(std::move(in_data), in->GetName(), in->GetContainingDirectory());
+    if (!IsEOF(type, temp)) {
-    }
         return nullptr;
     }
 
+    return std::make_shared<VectorVfsFile>(std::move(in_data), in->GetName(),
+                                           in->GetContainingDirectory());
+}
 
-struct IPSwitchRecord {
-    std::array<uint8_t, 256 - sizeof(size_t)> data;
-    size_t count;
-};
 struct IPSwitchCompiler::IPSwitchPatch {
-    ankerl::unordered_dense::map<u32, IPSwitchRecord> records;
+    std::string name;
     bool enabled;
+    std::map<u32, std::vector<u8>> records;
 };
 
 IPSwitchCompiler::IPSwitchCompiler(VirtualFile patch_text_) : patch_text(std::move(patch_text_)) {
-    Parse(patch_text->ReadAllBytes());
+    Parse();
 }
 
 IPSwitchCompiler::~IPSwitchCompiler() = default;
@@ -118,185 +149,201 @@ std::array<u8, 32> IPSwitchCompiler::GetBuildID() const {
     return nso_build_id;
 }
 
-static IPSwitchRecord EscapeStringSequences(std::string_view sv) {
+bool IPSwitchCompiler::IsValid() const {
-    IPSwitchRecord r{};
+    return valid;
-    for (auto it = sv.cbegin(); it != sv.cend(); ) {
-        if (*it == '\\' && it + 1 < sv.cend()) {
-            switch (it[1]) {
-            case 'a': r.data[r.count] = '\a'; break;
-            case 'b': r.data[r.count] = '\b'; break;
-            case 'e': r.data[r.count] = '\e'; break;
-            case 'f': r.data[r.count] = '\f'; break;
-            case 'n': r.data[r.count] = '\n'; break;
-            case 'r': r.data[r.count] = '\r'; break;
-            case 't': r.data[r.count] = '\t'; break;
-            case 'v': r.data[r.count] = '\v'; break;
-            case '?': r.data[r.count] = '\?'; break;
-            default: r.data[r.count] = it[1]; break;
-            }
-            ++r.count;
-            it += 2;
-        } else {
-            ++r.count;
-            ++it;
-        }
-    }
-    return r;
 }
 
-void IPSwitchCompiler::Parse(std::span<u8 const> bytes) {
+static bool StartsWith(std::string_view base, std::string_view check) {
-    LOG_INFO(Loader, "IPSwitchCompiler: '{}'", patch_text->GetName());
+    return base.size() >= check.size() && base.substr(0, check.size()) == check;
-    bool is_little_endian = true;
-    s64 offset_shift = 0;
-    //bool print_values = false;
-    auto const parse_line = [&](std::string_view const line) {
-        // Keep in mind lines have trimmed spaces (at the end & start)!
-        LOG_INFO(Loader, "<{}>", line);
-        // IPSwitch is case insensitive
-        // Yes this is how the logic goes for the main reference parsers!
-        if (line.size() > 2 && line[0] == '@') {
-            switch (line[1]) {
-            // yes, @nsobid too -- NSO Build ID Specifier
-            case 'n':
-            case 'N':
-                nso_build_id = Common::HexStringToArray<0x20>(fmt::format("{:0<64}", line.substr(8)));
-                break;
-            // @stop
-            case 's':
-            case 'S':
-                return false;
-            // @enabled
-            case 'e':
-            case 'E':
-                patches.push_back({{}, true});
-                break;
-            // @disabled
-            case 'd':
-            case 'D':
-                patches.push_back({{}, false});
-                break;
-            // @flag
-            case 'f':
-            case 'F': {
-                if (line.starts_with("@flag offset_shift")) {
-                    offset_shift = std::strtoll(line.data() + 19, nullptr, 0);  // Offset Shift Flag
-                } else if (line.starts_with("@flag print_values")) {
-                    //print_values = true; // Force printing of applied values
 }
-                break;
+
+static std::string EscapeStringSequences(std::string in) {
+    for (const auto& seq : ESCAPE_CHARACTER_MAP) {
+        for (auto index = in.find(seq.first); index != std::string::npos;
+             index = in.find(seq.first, index)) {
+            in.replace(index, std::strlen(seq.first), seq.second);
+            index += std::strlen(seq.second);
         }
-            case 'l':
+    }
-            case 'L':
+
+    return in;
+}
+
+void IPSwitchCompiler::ParseFlag(const std::string& line) {
+    if (StartsWith(line, "@flag offset_shift ")) {
+        // Offset Shift Flag
+        offset_shift = std::strtoll(line.substr(19).c_str(), nullptr, 0);
+    } else if (StartsWith(line, "@little-endian")) {
+        // Set values to read as little endian
         is_little_endian = true;
-                break;
+    } else if (StartsWith(line, "@big-endian")) {
-            // IPS parsers dont support big endian no more, we do due to backcompat
+        // Set values to read as big endian
-            case 'b':
-            case 'B':
         is_little_endian = false;
-                break;
+    } else if (StartsWith(line, "@flag print_values")) {
-            default:
+        // Force printing of applied values
-                LOG_WARNING(Loader, "Unknown flag {}", line);
+        print_values = true;
-                break;
-            }
-        } else {
-            size_t offset = size_t(std::strtoul(line.data(), nullptr, 16));
-            offset += size_t(offset_shift);
-            if (auto const first_quote = line.find_first_of("\"\'"); first_quote != std::string::npos) {
-                // string replacement
-                char quote = line[first_quote];
-                auto const start = line.cbegin() + first_quote + 1;
-                auto end = start;
-                for (; end < line.cend() && *end != quote; )
-                    end += (*end == '\\') ? 2 : 1;
-                if (start <= line.cend() && end <= line.cend()) {
-                    LOG_INFO(Loader, "[S] value @ {:#08X} ", offset);
-                    patches.back().records.insert_or_assign(u32(offset), EscapeStringSequences({start, end}));
-                } else {
-                    LOG_WARNING(Loader, "invalid string");
-                }
-            } else if (auto const first_space = line.find_last_of(" /\t\r\n"); first_space != std::string::npos) {
-                IPSwitchRecord r{}; // hex replacement
-                auto const start = line.cbegin() + first_space + 1;
-                auto const end = line.cend();
-                if (start <= line.cend() && end <= line.cend()) {
-                    // Actually IPS wants ordering from {lsb, ..., msb} -- so LE and BE are inverted, fun!
-                    auto const hs = Common::HexStringToVector({start, end}, is_little_endian);
-                    std::memcpy(r.data.data(), hs.data(), hs.size());
-                    r.count = hs.size();
-                    LOG_INFO(Loader, "[H] value @ {:#08X}", offset);
-                    patches.back().records.insert_or_assign(u32(offset), std::move(r));
-                } else {
-                    LOG_WARNING(Loader, "invalid line");
-                }
-            } else {
-                LOG_WARNING(Loader, "unhandled line!");
     }
 }
-        return true; //continue
-    };
 
-    for (auto it = bytes.begin(); it < bytes.end(); ) {
+void IPSwitchCompiler::Parse() {
-        auto const start = it;
+    const auto bytes = patch_text->ReadAllBytes();
-        auto end = start;
+    std::stringstream s;
-        for (; end < bytes.end() && *end != '\n' && *end != '\r'; ++end)
+    s.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(bytes.data()), bytes.size());
-            ;
+
-        it = end + 1; //prepare for next line
+    std::vector<std::string> lines;
-        std::string_view const sline{
+    std::string stream_line;
-            reinterpret_cast<const char*>(bytes.data() + std::distance(bytes.begin(), start)),
+    while (std::getline(s, stream_line)) {
-            size_t(std::distance(start, end))
+        // Remove a trailing \r
-        };
+        if (!stream_line.empty() && stream_line.back() == '\r')
-        if (sline.size() > 0) {
+            stream_line.pop_back();
-            auto p = sline.cbegin();
+        lines.push_back(std::move(stream_line));
-            // skip space off line
+    }
-            for (; p < sline.cend() && std::isspace(*p); ++p)
+
-                ;
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < lines.size(); ++i) {
-            // now make a nominal preprocessed line: remove comments
+        auto line = lines[i];
-            char quote = '\0';
+
-            auto const sline_start = p;
+        // Remove midline comments
-            for (; p < sline.cend(); ) {
+        std::size_t comment_index = std::string::npos;
-                // we dont check for "//", IPS checks for '/' only...
+        bool within_string = false;
-                if ((!quote && p[0] == '/')
+        for (std::size_t k = 0; k < line.size(); ++k) {
-                || (!quote && p[0] == '#')) {
+            if (line[k] == '\"' && (k > 0 && line[k - 1] != '\\')) {
+                within_string = !within_string;
+            } else if (line[k] == '\\' && (k < line.size() - 1 && line[k + 1] == '\\')) {
+                comment_index = k;
                 break;
-                } else if (p[0] == '\"' || p[0] == '\'') {
+            }
-                    quote = (p[0] == quote) ? '\0' : p[0];
+        }
-                    ++p;
+
-                } else if (p + 1 < sline.cend() && p[0] == '\\') {
+        if (!StartsWith(line, "//") && comment_index != std::string::npos) {
-                    p += 2;
+            last_comment = line.substr(comment_index + 2);
+            line = line.substr(0, comment_index);
+        }
+
+        if (StartsWith(line, "@stop")) {
+            // Force stop
+            break;
+        } else if (StartsWith(line, "@nsobid-")) {
+            // NSO Build ID Specifier
+            const auto raw_build_id = fmt::format("{:0<64}", line.substr(8));
+            nso_build_id = Common::HexStringToArray<0x20>(raw_build_id);
+        } else if (StartsWith(line, "#")) {
+            // Mandatory Comment
+            LOG_INFO(Loader, "[IPSwitchCompiler ('{}')] Forced output comment: {}",
+                     patch_text->GetName(), line.substr(1));
+        } else if (StartsWith(line, "//")) {
+            // Normal Comment
+            last_comment = line.substr(2);
+            if (last_comment.find_first_not_of(' ') == std::string::npos)
+                continue;
+            if (last_comment.find_first_not_of(' ') != 0)
+                last_comment = last_comment.substr(last_comment.find_first_not_of(' '));
+        } else if (StartsWith(line, "@enabled") || StartsWith(line, "@disabled")) {
+            // Start of patch
+            const auto enabled = StartsWith(line, "@enabled");
+            if (i == 0)
+                return;
+            LOG_INFO(Loader, "[IPSwitchCompiler ('{}')] Parsing patch '{}' ({})",
+                     patch_text->GetName(), last_comment, line.substr(1));
+
+            IPSwitchPatch patch{last_comment, enabled, {}};
+
+            // Read rest of patch
+            while (true) {
+                if (i + 1 >= lines.size()) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                const auto& patch_line = lines[++i];
+
+                // Patch line may contain comments
+                if (StartsWith(patch_line, "//") || StartsWith(patch_line, "#")) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Start of new patch
+                if (StartsWith(patch_line, "@enabled") || StartsWith(patch_line, "@disabled")) {
+                    --i;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Check for a flag
+                if (StartsWith(patch_line, "@")) {
+                    ParseFlag(patch_line);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // 11 - 8 hex digit offset + space + minimum two digit overwrite val
+                if (patch_line.length() < 11)
+                    break;
+                auto offset = std::strtoul(patch_line.substr(0, 8).c_str(), nullptr, 16);
+                offset += static_cast<unsigned long>(offset_shift);
+
+                std::vector<u8> replace;
+                // 9 - first char of replacement val
+                if (patch_line[9] == '\"') {
+                    // string replacement
+                    auto end_index = patch_line.find('\"', 10);
+                    if (end_index == std::string::npos || end_index < 10)
+                        return;
+                    while (patch_line[end_index - 1] == '\\') {
+                        end_index = patch_line.find('\"', end_index + 1);
+                        if (end_index == std::string::npos || end_index < 10)
+                            return;
+                    }
+
+                    auto value = patch_line.substr(10, end_index - 10);
+                    value = EscapeStringSequences(value);
+                    replace.reserve(value.size());
+                    std::copy(value.begin(), value.end(), std::back_inserter(replace));
                 } else {
-                    ++p;
+                    // hex replacement
-                }
+                    const auto value =
-            }
+                        patch_line.substr(9, patch_line.find_first_of(" /\r\n", 9) - 9);
-            // now we have the preprocessed string ;)
+                    replace = Common::HexStringToVector(value, is_little_endian);
-            std::string_view pp_str(sline_start, p);
+                }
-            if (pp_str.size() > 0 && !parse_line(pp_str)) {
+
-                break;
+                if (print_values) {
-            }
+                    LOG_INFO(Loader,
+                             "[IPSwitchCompiler ('{}')]     - Patching value at offset {:#08x} "
+                             "with byte string '{}'",
+                             patch_text->GetName(), offset, Common::HexToString(replace));
+                }
+
+                patch.records.insert_or_assign(static_cast<u32>(offset), std::move(replace));
+            }
+
+            patches.push_back(std::move(patch));
+        } else if (StartsWith(line, "@")) {
+            ParseFlag(line);
         }
     }
+
+    valid = true;
 }
 
 VirtualFile IPSwitchCompiler::Apply(const VirtualFile& in) const {
-    if (in == nullptr)
+    if (in == nullptr || !valid)
         return nullptr;
 
     auto in_data = in->ReadAllBytes();
 
     for (const auto& patch : patches) {
-        if (patch.enabled) {
+        if (!patch.enabled)
+            continue;
+
         for (const auto& record : patch.records) {
-                if (record.first < in_data.size()) {
+            if (record.first >= in_data.size())
-                    auto replace_size = record.second.count;
+                continue;
+            auto replace_size = record.second.size();
             if (record.first + replace_size > in_data.size())
                 replace_size = in_data.size() - record.first;
-                    std::memcpy(in_data.data() + record.first, record.second.data.data(), replace_size);
+            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < replace_size; ++i)
-                } else {
+                in_data[i + record.first] = record.second[i];
-                    LOG_WARNING(Loader, "record offs={:x},size={:x}", record.first, record.second.data.size());
         }
     }
-        }
+
-    }
+    return std::make_shared<VectorVfsFile>(std::move(in_data), in->GetName(),
-    return std::make_shared<VectorVfsFile>(std::move(in_data), in->GetName(), in->GetContainingDirectory());
+                                           in->GetContainingDirectory());
 }
 
 } // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/ips_layer.h

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
-
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
-#include <span>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs/vfs.h"
@@ -23,17 +20,24 @@ public:
     ~IPSwitchCompiler();
 
     std::array<u8, 0x20> GetBuildID() const;
+    bool IsValid() const;
     VirtualFile Apply(const VirtualFile& in) const;
 
 private:
     struct IPSwitchPatch;
 
     void ParseFlag(const std::string& flag);
-    void Parse(std::span<u8 const> bytes);
+    void Parse();
+
+    bool valid = false;
 
     VirtualFile patch_text;
     std::vector<IPSwitchPatch> patches;
     std::array<u8, 0x20> nso_build_id{};
+    bool is_little_endian = false;
+    s64 offset_shift = 0;
+    bool print_values = false;
+    std::string last_comment = "";
 };
 
 } // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/patch_manager.cpp

@@ -345,7 +345,8 @@ VirtualDir PatchManager::PatchExeFS(VirtualDir exefs) const {
     return exefs;
 }
 
-std::vector<VirtualFile> PatchManager::CollectPatches(const std::vector<VirtualDir>& patch_dirs, const std::string& build_id) const {
+std::vector<VirtualFile> PatchManager::CollectPatches(const std::vector<VirtualDir>& patch_dirs,
+                                                      const std::string& build_id) const {
     const auto& disabled = Settings::values.disabled_addons[title_id];
     const auto nso_build_id = fmt::format("{:0<64}", build_id);
 
@@ -360,11 +361,16 @@ std::vector<VirtualFile> PatchManager::CollectPatches(const std::vector<VirtualD
             for (const auto& file : exefs_dir->GetFiles()) {
                 if (file->GetExtension() == "ips") {
                     auto name = file->GetName();
-                    const auto this_build_id = fmt::format("{:0<64}", name.substr(0, name.find('.')));
+
+                    const auto this_build_id =
+                        fmt::format("{:0<64}", name.substr(0, name.find('.')));
                     if (nso_build_id == this_build_id)
                         out.push_back(file);
                 } else if (file->GetExtension() == "pchtxt") {
                     IPSwitchCompiler compiler{file};
+                    if (!compiler.IsValid())
+                        continue;
+
                     const auto this_build_id = Common::HexToString(compiler.GetBuildID());
                     if (nso_build_id == this_build_id)
                         out.push_back(file);
@@ -372,6 +378,7 @@ std::vector<VirtualFile> PatchManager::CollectPatches(const std::vector<VirtualD
             }
         }
     }
+
     return out;
 }
 

src/core/hle/kernel/svc/svc_debug_string.cpp

@@ -17,12 +17,56 @@
 
 namespace Kernel::Svc {
 
+constexpr auto MAX_MSG_TIME = std::chrono::milliseconds(250);
+const auto MAX_MSG_SIZE = 0x1000;
+
 /// Used to output a message on a debug hardware unit - does nothing on a retail unit
 Result OutputDebugString(Core::System& system, u64 address, u64 len) {
+    static struct DebugFlusher {
+        std::string msg_buffer;
+        std::mutex msg_mutex;
+        std::condition_variable msg_cv;
+        std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_msg_time;
+        std::optional<std::jthread> thread;
+    } flusher_data;
     R_SUCCEED_IF(len == 0);
-    std::string msg_buffer(len, 0);
+    // Only start the thread the very first time this function is called
-    GetCurrentMemory(system.Kernel()).ReadBlock(address, msg_buffer.data(), len);
+    if (!flusher_data.thread) {
-    LOG_INFO(Debug_Emulated, "{}", msg_buffer);
+        flusher_data.thread.emplace([](std::stop_token stop_token) {
+            while (!stop_token.stop_requested()) {
+                std::unique_lock lock(flusher_data.msg_mutex);
+                flusher_data.msg_cv.wait(lock, [&stop_token] {
+                    return !flusher_data.msg_buffer.empty() || stop_token.stop_requested();
+                });
+                if (stop_token.stop_requested() && flusher_data.msg_buffer.empty())
+                    break;
+                auto timeout = flusher_data.last_msg_time + MAX_MSG_TIME;
+                bool woke_early = flusher_data.msg_cv.wait_until(lock, timeout, [&stop_token] {
+                    return flusher_data.msg_buffer.size() >= MAX_MSG_SIZE || stop_token.stop_requested();
+                });
+                if (!woke_early || flusher_data.msg_buffer.size() >= MAX_MSG_SIZE || stop_token.stop_requested()) {
+                    if (!flusher_data.msg_buffer.empty()) {
+                        // Remove trailing newline as LOG_INFO adds that anyways
+                        if (flusher_data.msg_buffer.back() == '\n')
+                            flusher_data.msg_buffer.pop_back();
+
+                        LOG_INFO(Debug_Emulated, "\n{}", flusher_data.msg_buffer);
+                        flusher_data.msg_buffer.clear();
+                    }
+                    if (stop_token.stop_requested()) break;
+                }
+            }
+            flusher_data.msg_cv.notify_all();
+        });
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lock(flusher_data.msg_mutex);
+        const auto old_size = flusher_data.msg_buffer.size();
+        flusher_data.msg_buffer.resize(old_size + len);
+        GetCurrentMemory(system.Kernel()).ReadBlock(address, flusher_data.msg_buffer.data() + old_size, len);
+        flusher_data.last_msg_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    }
+    flusher_data.msg_cv.notify_one();
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/audio/audio_in.cpp

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ IAudioIn::IAudioIn(Core::System& system_, Manager& manager, size_t session_id,
 }
 
 IAudioIn::~IAudioIn() {
-    impl->Free();
+    impl->Free(system);
     service_context.CloseEvent(event);
     process->Close(system.Kernel());
 }

src/core/hle/service/audio/audio_in_manager.cpp

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2026 Eden Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2024 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
@@ -65,7 +68,7 @@ Result IAudioInManager::OpenAudioInAuto(
 Result IAudioInManager::ListAudioInsAutoFiltered(
     OutArray<AudioDeviceName, BufferAttr_HipcAutoSelect> out_audio_ins, Out<u32> out_count) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_Audio, "called");
-    *out_count = impl->GetDeviceNames(out_audio_ins, true);
+    *out_count = impl->GetDeviceNames(system, out_audio_ins, true);
     R_SUCCEED();
 }
 
@@ -90,8 +93,8 @@ Result IAudioInManager::OpenAudioInProtocolSpecified(
 
     size_t new_session_id{};
 
-    R_TRY(impl->LinkToManager());
+    R_TRY(impl->LinkToManager(system));
-    R_TRY(impl->AcquireSessionId(new_session_id));
+    R_TRY(impl->AcquireSessionId(system, new_session_id));
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_Audio, "Opening new AudioIn, session_id={}, free sessions={}", new_session_id,
               impl->num_free_sessions);

src/core/hle/service/audio/audio_out.cpp

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ IAudioOut::IAudioOut(Core::System& system_, Manager& manager, size_t session_id,
 }
 
 IAudioOut::~IAudioOut() {
-    impl->Free();
+    impl->Free(system);
     service_context.CloseEvent(event);
     process->Close(system.Kernel());
 }

src/core/hle/service/audio/audio_out_manager.cpp

@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ Result IAudioOutManager::OpenAudioOutAuto(
     }
 
     size_t new_session_id{};
-    R_TRY(impl->LinkToManager());
+    R_TRY(impl->LinkToManager(system));
-    R_TRY(impl->AcquireSessionId(new_session_id));
+    R_TRY(impl->AcquireSessionId(system, new_session_id));
 
     const auto device_name = Common::StringFromBuffer(name[0].name);
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_Audio, "Opening new AudioOut, sessionid={}, free sessions={}", new_session_id,

src/qt_common/util/mod.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
 #include <filesystem>
-#include <system_error>
 #include <JlCompress.h>
 #include "frontend_common/mod_manager.h"
 #include "mod.h"

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/blit_image.cpp

@@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceColorPipeline(const BlitImagePipelineKe
         .subpass = 0,
         .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
         .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }, device.StaticPipelineCache()));
+    }));
     return *blit_color_pipelines.back();
 }
 
@@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceDepthStencilPipeline(const BlitImagePip
         .subpass = 0,
         .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
         .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }, device.StaticPipelineCache()));
+    }));
     return *blit_depth_stencil_pipelines.back();
 }
 
@@ -1366,7 +1366,7 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceClearColorPipeline(const BlitImagePipel
         .subpass = 0,
         .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
         .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }, device.StaticPipelineCache()));
+    }));
     return *clear_color_pipelines.back();
 }
 
@@ -1422,7 +1422,7 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceClearStencilPipeline(
         .subpass = 0,
         .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
         .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }, device.StaticPipelineCache()));
+    }));
     return *clear_stencil_pipelines.back();
 }
 
@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceBlitColorMSAAPipeline(const BlitMSAAPip
         .subpass = 0,
         .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
         .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }, device.StaticPipelineCache()));
+    }));
     return *blit_msaa_color_pipelines.back();
 }
 
@@ -1584,7 +1584,7 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceResolveDepthStencilPipeline(VkRenderPas
         .subpass = 0,
         .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
         .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }, device.StaticPipelineCache()));
+    }));
     return *pipelines.back();
 }
 
@@ -1697,7 +1697,7 @@ VkPipeline BlitImageHelper::FindOrEmplaceMSAACopyPipeline(const MSAACopyPipeline
         .subpass = 0,
         .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
         .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }, device.StaticPipelineCache()));
+    }));
     return *msaa_copy_pipelines.back();
 }
 
@@ -1817,7 +1817,7 @@ void BlitImageHelper::ConvertPipelineEx(vk::Pipeline& pipeline, VkRenderPass ren
         .subpass = 0,
         .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
         .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }, device.StaticPipelineCache());
+    });
 }
 
 void BlitImageHelper::ConvertPipelineColorTargetEx(vk::Pipeline& pipeline, VkRenderPass renderpass,
@@ -1860,7 +1860,7 @@ void BlitImageHelper::ConvertPipeline(vk::Pipeline& pipeline, VkRenderPass rende
         .subpass = 0,
         .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
         .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }, device.StaticPipelineCache());
+    });
 }
 
 } // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/present/util.cpp

@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ static vk::Pipeline CreateWrappedPipelineImpl(
         .subpass = 0,
         .basePipelineHandle = 0,
         .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }, device.StaticPipelineCache());
+    });
 }
 
 vk::Pipeline CreateWrappedPipeline(const Device& device, vk::RenderPass& renderpass,

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_compute_pass.cpp

@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ ComputePass::ComputePass(const Device& device_, Scheduler& scheduler, Descriptor
         .layout = *layout,
         .basePipelineHandle = {},
         .basePipelineIndex = 0,
-    }, device.StaticPipelineCache());
+    });
 }
 
 ComputePass::~ComputePass() = default;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.cpp

@@ -63,8 +63,6 @@ using VideoCommon::GenericEnvironment;
 using VideoCommon::GraphicsEnvironment;
 
 constexpr u32 CACHE_VERSION = 18;
-constexpr size_t VULKAN_CACHE_FLUSH_PIPELINES = 128;
-constexpr size_t VULKAN_CACHE_FLUSH_MIN_SECONDS = 30;
 constexpr std::array<char, 8> VULKAN_CACHE_MAGIC_NUMBER{'y', 'u', 'z', 'u', 'v', 'k', 'c', 'h'};
 
 template <typename Container>
@@ -712,10 +710,6 @@ void PipelineCache::LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, std::stop_token stop_loading
     if (use_vulkan_pipeline_cache) {
         SerializeVulkanPipelineCache(vulkan_pipeline_cache_filename, vulkan_pipeline_cache,
                                      CACHE_VERSION);
-        size_t size = 0;
-        vulkan_pipeline_cache.Read(&size, nullptr);
-        last_cache_size.store(size, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        last_flush = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
     }
 
     if (state.statistics) {
@@ -723,35 +717,6 @@ void PipelineCache::LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, std::stop_token stop_loading
     }
 }
 
-void PipelineCache::QueueVulkanPipelineCacheFlush() {
-    if (!use_vulkan_pipeline_cache || vulkan_pipeline_cache_filename.empty()) {
-        return;
-    }
-    if (++pipelines_since_flush < VULKAN_CACHE_FLUSH_PIPELINES) {
-        return;
-    }
-    const auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-    const auto megabytes = last_cache_size.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) / (1024 * 1024);
-    const std::chrono::seconds interval{
-        std::max<size_t>(VULKAN_CACHE_FLUSH_MIN_SECONDS, megabytes)};
-    if (last_flush.time_since_epoch().count() != 0 && now - last_flush < interval) {
-        return;
-    }
-    if (flush_in_flight.exchange(true, std::memory_order_acq_rel)) {
-        return;
-    }
-    pipelines_since_flush = 0;
-    last_flush = now;
-    serialization_thread.QueueWork([this] {
-        SerializeVulkanPipelineCache(vulkan_pipeline_cache_filename, vulkan_pipeline_cache,
-                                     CACHE_VERSION);
-        size_t size = 0;
-        vulkan_pipeline_cache.Read(&size, nullptr);
-        last_cache_size.store(size, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        flush_in_flight.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
-    });
-}
-
 GraphicsPipeline* PipelineCache::CurrentGraphicsPipelineSlowPath() {
     const auto [pair, is_new]{graphics_cache.try_emplace(graphics_key)};
     auto& pipeline{pair->second};
@@ -790,7 +755,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<GraphicsPipeline> PipelineCache::CreateGraphicsPipeline(
     std::span<Shader::Environment* const> envs, PipelineStatistics* statistics,
     bool build_in_parallel) try {
     auto hash = key.Hash();
-    LOG_DEBUG(Render_Vulkan, "{:#016x}", hash);
+    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "{:#016x}", hash);
     size_t env_index{0};
     std::array<Shader::IR::Program, Maxwell::MaxShaderProgram> programs;
     const bool uses_vertex_a{key.unique_hashes[0] != 0};
@@ -926,7 +891,6 @@ std::unique_ptr<GraphicsPipeline> PipelineCache::CreateGraphicsPipeline() {
         }
         SerializePipeline(key, env_ptrs, pipeline_cache_filename, CACHE_VERSION);
     });
-    QueueVulkanPipelineCacheFlush();
     return pipeline;
 }
 
@@ -946,7 +910,6 @@ std::unique_ptr<ComputePipeline> PipelineCache::CreateComputePipeline(
         SerializePipeline(key, std::array<const GenericEnvironment*, 1>{&env_},
                           pipeline_cache_filename, CACHE_VERSION);
     });
-    QueueVulkanPipelineCacheFlush();
     return pipeline;
 }
 
@@ -959,7 +922,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<ComputePipeline> PipelineCache::CreateComputePipeline(
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    LOG_DEBUG(Render_Vulkan, "{:#016x}", hash);
+    LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "{:#016x}", hash);
 
     Shader::Maxwell::Flow::CFG cfg{env, pools.flow_block, env.StartAddress()};
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.h

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
-#include <atomic>
-#include <chrono>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <memory>
@@ -146,8 +144,6 @@ private:
     vk::PipelineCache LoadVulkanPipelineCache(const std::filesystem::path& filename,
                                               u32 expected_cache_version);
 
-    void QueueVulkanPipelineCacheFlush();
-
     const Device& device;
     Scheduler& scheduler;
     DescriptorPool& descriptor_pool;
@@ -175,10 +171,6 @@ private:
 
     std::filesystem::path vulkan_pipeline_cache_filename;
     vk::PipelineCache vulkan_pipeline_cache;
-    size_t pipelines_since_flush{};
-    std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_flush{};
-    std::atomic<size_t> last_cache_size{};
-    std::atomic_bool flush_in_flight{};
 
     Common::ThreadWorker workers;
     Common::ThreadWorker serialization_thread;

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.cpp

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <bitset>
 #include <chrono>
-#include <filesystem>
-#include <fstream>
 #include <optional>
 #include <thread>
 #include <ankerl/unordered_dense.h>
@@ -18,8 +16,6 @@
 #include <fmt/format.h>
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
-#include "common/fs/fs.h"
-#include "common/fs/path_util.h"
 #include "common/literals.h"
 #include <ranges>
 #include "common/settings.h"
@@ -397,17 +393,6 @@ std::vector<const char*> ExtensionListForVulkan(
     return output;
 }
 
-constexpr std::array<char, 8> STATIC_CACHE_MAGIC_NUMBER{'e', 'd', 'e', 'n', 's', 't', 'p', 'c'};
-constexpr u32 STATIC_CACHE_VERSION = 1;
-
-std::filesystem::path StaticPipelineCacheFilename() {
-    const auto shader_dir = Common::FS::GetEdenPath(Common::FS::EdenPath::ShaderDir);
-    if (!Common::FS::CreateDir(shader_dir)) {
-        return {};
-    }
-    return shader_dir / "vulkan_static_pipelines.bin";
-}
-
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
 void Device::RemoveExtension(bool& extension, const std::string& extension_name) {
@@ -765,100 +750,15 @@ Device::Device(VkInstance instance_, vk::PhysicalDevice physical_, VkSurfaceKHR
 
     vk::Check(vmaCreateAllocator(&allocator_info, &allocator));
 
-    owns_static_pipeline_cache = surface != VkSurfaceKHR{};
-    LoadStaticPipelineCache();
-
     // Initialize GPU logging if enabled
     InitializeGPULogging();
 }
 
 Device::~Device() {
-    SaveStaticPipelineCache();
     ShutdownGPULogging();
     vmaDestroyAllocator(allocator);
 }
 
-void Device::LoadStaticPipelineCache() {
-    const auto create = [this](size_t size, const void* data) {
-        static_pipeline_cache = logical.CreatePipelineCache({
-            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_INFO,
-            .pNext = nullptr,
-            .flags = 0,
-            .initialDataSize = size,
-            .pInitialData = data,
-        });
-    };
-    if (!owns_static_pipeline_cache) {
-        create(0, nullptr);
-        return;
-    }
-    const auto filename = StaticPipelineCacheFilename();
-    if (filename.empty()) {
-        create(0, nullptr);
-        return;
-    }
-    std::vector<char> data;
-    try {
-        std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
-        if (!file.is_open()) {
-            create(0, nullptr);
-            return;
-        }
-        file.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
-        const size_t total = static_cast<size_t>(file.tellg());
-        file.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
-        std::array<char, 8> magic{};
-        u32 version{};
-        if (total < magic.size() + sizeof(version)) {
-            create(0, nullptr);
-            return;
-        }
-        file.read(magic.data(), magic.size())
-            .read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&version), sizeof(version));
-        if (magic != STATIC_CACHE_MAGIC_NUMBER || version != STATIC_CACHE_VERSION) {
-            create(0, nullptr);
-            return;
-        }
-        data.resize(total - magic.size() - sizeof(version));
-        file.read(data.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(data.size()));
-    } catch (const std::ios_base::failure& e) {
-        create(0, nullptr);
-        return;
-    }
-    create(data.size(), data.empty() ? nullptr : data.data());
-}
-
-void Device::SaveStaticPipelineCache() const {
-    if (!owns_static_pipeline_cache || !static_pipeline_cache) {
-        return;
-    }
-    const auto filename = StaticPipelineCacheFilename();
-    if (filename.empty()) {
-        return;
-    }
-    size_t size = 0;
-    std::vector<char> data;
-    static_pipeline_cache.Read(&size, nullptr);
-    if (size == 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-    data.resize(size);
-    static_pipeline_cache.Read(&size, data.data());
-    try {
-        std::ofstream file(filename, std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc);
-        file.exceptions(std::ofstream::failbit);
-        if (!file.is_open()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        file.write(STATIC_CACHE_MAGIC_NUMBER.data(), STATIC_CACHE_MAGIC_NUMBER.size())
-            .write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&STATIC_CACHE_VERSION),
-                   sizeof(STATIC_CACHE_VERSION))
-            .write(data.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(size));
-    } catch (const std::ios_base::failure& e) {
-        Common::FS::RemoveFile(filename);
-    }
-}
-
 VkFormat Device::GetSupportedFormat(VkFormat wanted_format, VkFormatFeatureFlags wanted_usage,
                                     FormatType format_type) const {
     if (IsFormatSupported(wanted_format, wanted_usage, format_type)) {

src/video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h

@@ -273,10 +273,6 @@ public:
         return physical;
     }
 
-    VkPipelineCache StaticPipelineCache() const noexcept {
-        return *static_pipeline_cache;
-    }
-
     /// Returns the main graphics queue.
     vk::Queue GetGraphicsQueue() const {
         return graphics_queue;
@@ -1131,9 +1127,6 @@ private:
     /// Returns true if the device natively supports blitting depth stencil images.
     bool TestDepthStencilBlits(VkFormat format) const;
 
-    void LoadStaticPipelineCache();
-    void SaveStaticPipelineCache() const;
-
 private:
     VkInstance instance;         ///< Vulkan instance.
     VmaAllocator allocator;      ///< VMA allocator.
@@ -1142,8 +1135,6 @@ private:
     vk::Device logical;          ///< Logical device.
     vk::Queue graphics_queue;    ///< Main graphics queue.
     vk::Queue present_queue;     ///< Main present queue.
-    vk::PipelineCache static_pipeline_cache;
-    bool owns_static_pipeline_cache{};
     u32 instance_version{};      ///< Vulkan instance version.
     u32 graphics_family{};       ///< Main graphics queue family index.
     u32 present_family{};        ///< Main present queue family index.